The "four-line bet365 casino bonus method" is an effective interpretation method for dealing with all kinds of difficult texts。In the field of Xixia studies，The simple replacement of Xixia characters and Chinese characters was an interpretation method that people had to adopt a century ago。Nowadays, the interpretation of Xixia literature has become more standardized，Researchers generally adopt the "four-line bet365 casino bonus" model。The specific method is: the first line is the original text of Xixia literature；The second line is the onomatopoeia of the Xixia character；The third line is Chinese bet365 casino bonus；The fourth line is translated into Chinese。Chinese translations are often followed by comments，The annotation focuses on Xixia words that do not have a literal correspondence with Chinese、Translated words and grammatical words, etc.，Mainly explaining the reasons for such bet365 casino bonus。为инв.No.6738A sentence from the Xixia text "Mencius" is an example:

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　　The gentlemen of bet365 casino bonus times had eclipses like the sun and moon

For a gentleman in ancient times, those who passed by were like an eclipse bet365 casino bonus sun and moon.

[1]That is, "Rahu",bet365 casino bonus means "covering up".，Literally means "Luohu mask"，Comparative bet365 casino bonus of the word "food" in "Eclipse of the Sun and Moon"。Solar and lunar eclipses in Tibetan are written as nyi vdzin and zla vdzin respectively，The literal meanings are "Sun Capture" and "Moon Capture"，Based on Indian legend。Xixia(Sun and Moon covered by Rahu)，Same as the reason for word formation，This shows that bet365 casino bonus’s astronomical calendar is deeply influenced by India, the birthplace of Buddhism，This influence was achieved using Tubo as a springboard。

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What needs to be pointed out is，The basic unit of bet365 casino bonus is word rather than character。The underlined " in Ruxia's bet365 casino bonus sentence" word，Literally means "Luohu mask"，bet365 casino bonus of "eclipse" in the original Chinese version of "eclipse of the sun and moon"。This is a Xixia word that has no literal correspondence with Chinese，Note when issuing。

Many secrets hidden in Xixia texts，All were discovered using the "four-line bet365 casino bonus method"。Who originally invented this method，No longer available for exam。We think，Should be related to the ancient "bet365 casino bonus field"，It is the crystallization of collective wisdom in the practice of Bible bet365 casino bonus activities。

bet365 casino bonus site bet365 casino bonus，From the end of Han Dynasty to the beginning of Northern Song Dynasty，Lasted for nearly nine hundred years，Is the main form of bet365 casino bonus of Buddhist scriptures in ancient my country，Played a very important role in the bet365 casino bonus of Buddhist scriptures。In the development process of nearly a thousand years，The bet365 casino bonus field of Buddhist scriptures is mostly bounded by the Sui Dynasty，Can be divided into two phases。In the early stage, Bible bet365 casino bonus and Bible preaching were carried out at the same time，At least hundreds of people，Up to several thousand people，And anyone present can debate with the translator who presided over the bet365 casino bonus，Quite similar to today’s speech seminar，It is a lax and invisible organization。Later，Because the Buddhist discourse system has been formally formed，No more explanation needed，So Bible bet365 casino bonus and Bible preaching are separated，Translated by Tongshi、The large bet365 casino bonus field with thousands of people has evolved into a group of professionals，Led by the main translator，Study behind closed doors on the principles of Brahma Sutras，Assistants have their own duties，Work together to translate the scriptures，Quite similar to today’s expert research gathering，It is a tight physical organization。(Cao Shibang: "bet365 casino bonus Field—The Rigorous Method of Translating Buddhist Scriptures in Ancient China"，"Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies" Issue 7, 1994)

In fact，Tang、The organization of Bible bet365 casino bonus in Song Dynasty was also different。"The Biography of Eminent Monks of the Song Dynasty" divides the bet365 casino bonus organization of the Tang Dynasty into ten parts: translator、Bi Shou、Duyu、Various Brahma Version、Runwen、Proof of Righteousness、Fanbai、Correction、Guardianship Ambassador、Orthogonal words, etc. (the serial numbers in the quotations are added by the author)。

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　　Or: bet365 casino bonus Center Sutra Hall，Establishing officials and dividing duties，Don’t smell it？Said: This is the responsibility of the company，Translator of Xianzong (1)。That is, the two teachings of Tripitaka, Ming, Lian, Sutra and Tantric are filled in by the leaf book。Recipient of the second article (2)，Must speak to the Chinese and Buddhist，Xuezong is available，Asking for advice，Then write。The Western Jin Dynasty and the Puppet Qin Dynasty have arrived，Those who established this member，That is, Samana Daohan、Xuan Hao、Yao Song、Nie Chengyuan and his son。As for the emperor，Yao Xing、Liang Wu、天后、Zhongzong。or Gong Zhihan，Also known as Sui Wen。Second (3) Speaker，Zhengyun bet365 casino bonus。Transfer of orders and explanations，Also known as Chuanyu，If you turn to the theory of manifest consciousness、The bet365 casino bonus of Shaman Zhantuo is also。Second rule (4) Those who realize the Brahman text，Seeking the results，Secret Energy Demonstration，Can interpret well，What is shown is correct。For example, the layman Isara’s bet365 casino bonus of the Veyaya Brahma text is also。One of the most certified members of Brahmadharma，It is the gain and loss of Mingxiyi，Your Chinese language does not lose its Sanskrit meaning。A member of Fulizheng Zenyi，Sramana Datongzhi。Second (5) Run Wen one，Unconstant number of members，Let scholars from home and abroad fill it in。Good writing skills are influenced by his oil content，Isn’t classical Chinese free from slang and customs？Sufficient yet true to the will of the Buddha，Why not publish it and correct it。Guyijing bet365 casino bonus Center，Ze Li Qiao、Wei Sili、More than 20 people including Lu Zangyong also polished the article。Second Rule (6) Proof of Righteousness，To certify the meaning of the translated text。Ruyi Posha Lun，Hui Song、Daolang and other three hundred people tested the correct meaning，Tang Fuli has been busy doing his job。Second (7) Fanbai，Fayan begins，Fanbai Qianxing。For introduction，Make living things good，Tang Yongtai, the Chinese side also heard about this position。Second Rules (8) Correction，曠pair of the translated text。Sui Zeyancongfushuwenyi，Use caution。Second Rules (9) Guardianship Ambassador，Later Zhou Ping Gao Gonghou Shou was the director of the school inspection，In the Tang Dynasty, Duke Liang of Fang was the guardian of the great master。Xianci Xu Guan、Yang Shenjiao、Du Xingyi and others filled it in。Or use monks，Ze Sui Yi Ming Mu、Tan Qian and ten others，Supervise bet365 casino bonus affairs，Definition of purpose。The other place is Qin Xiaoyao Garden，Liang Shouguang Hall、Zhanyun Pavilion，Wei Runan Wangzhai。Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty also built a scripture bet365 casino bonus hall，One of the monks is called a bachelor。Tang Yu Guangfu and other temples，Maybe the palace or garden is uncertain。Also set (10) orthographic，Zixue Xuanying was once a professional，After or set or not。(Taisho Sutra Publication Conference: "Taisho Newly Revised Tripitaka" Volume 50，"The Biography of Eminent Monks of the Song Dynasty" Volume 3 "The Biography of the Capital Master of the Tang Dynasty"，Daizang Publishing Co., Ltd. 1925 edition)

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The bet365 casino bonus field in the Song Dynasty is divided into nine parts，And marked with seats，And ask to sit in your seat，No disorder。This is clearly recorded in the "Song Hui Yao Collection"，There is just a mistake in this text，Not easy to understand，Fortunately, "Buddha's Tongji" also contains the ritual of translating scriptures to stop natural disasters，Talked about the bet365 casino bonus field organization in the Song Dynasty，Can be revised accordingly。"Buddha's Tongji" not only records the division of labor in the bet365 casino bonus field，Also gave examples one by one:

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　　First translator，Sitting outside，Propaganda Sanskrit。The second realized righteousness sits on the left，Evaluating Sanskrit with the translator。The third witness sits on his right，Listening and interpreting master reads Sanskrit，To check the error。The fourth Buddhist monk，Listening to Sanskrit texts written in Chinese characters，bet365 casino bonus’s still Sanskrit (，First translated as "Heli Diye"。sūtra means "Su Talan")。The fifth payment，Translate the Sanskrit sound into Chinese language ("Heli Di Ye" is then translated into "心"。"Su Talan" is translated as "经")。Sixth Sutra，Reply the words to make the meaning of the sentence (such as Bi Shou said, "See the five aggregates, the self-nature is empty and see this"，Today it is said that “the five aggregates are all empty”。Dashu Sanskrit has many sounds and can be done first，For example, "reciting the Buddha's name" is "the recitation of the Buddha's name"，"Zhongda" means "Zhongda"。Therefore, the appendix must be added，In compliance with the culture of this land)。The seventh bet365 casino bonus，Refer to the two native languages ​​to make sure it is correct。The eighth issue，Long publication，Determine the meaning of the sentence (such as "no ignorance"，There are only two words left in "ignorance"。Such as "Supreme Righteousness and Universal Knowledge"，Shangque has the word "无")。Ninth Runwenguan，Set up a seat facing the south of the monks，Please refer to the detailed polish (such as the sentence "overcoming all hardships" in "Heart Sutra"，Yuanwu Fanben。Another sentence of "It's in the sky"，There is no Sanskrit version of the two characters "this is why")。(Taisho Sutra Publication Conference: "Taisho Newly Revised Tripitaka" Volume 49，"Buddha's Records" Volume 43，Daizang Publishing Co., Ltd. 1925 edition)

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Accordingly，We can collate the relevant records bet365 casino bonus "Song Hui Yao Collection":

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　　bet365 casino bonusThe first translator sat in front of him，Pre-Sanskrit。The second Brahma monk from his left who has attained the Brahma philosophy，Evaluate the Sanskrit meaning with the translator。The Third Certification Sanskrit Sanskrit Monk，The master of listening and interpreting reads the Sanskrit version，To check the error。On the right [1] The Fourth Buddhist Monk’s Viewing Brahma Clip，When the translator declares that reading is the official character。The fifth Buddhist monk’s writing style。The sixth Buddhist monk is removed as an adult[2]。The seventh realization of righteousness, monks’ reference to righteousness[3]，The eighth character [4] is the fixed character of the Sanskrit Monk Journal，Ninth Runwenguan，Setting up a position in the southern part of the monks，Detailed polishing。Translated monk takes daily bath，Yanjie Sanyi Seat，Majestic order，Everyone who enters the banquet should sit according to his seat，No disorder。(Xu Song: "Song Hui Yao Collection" Taoist Commentary 2-6，Zhonghua Book Company 1957 edition)

[1]its right，These two words are mistakenly used。According to "Buddha's Unification" "The third certificate is sitting on his right"，When in front bet365 casino bonus sentence "The Third Sanskrit Sanskrit Sanskrit"。

[2] Adult, bet365 casino bonus a "written" error.

[3] Xiangyi should be regarded as a mistake in "sentence bet365 casino bonus".

　[4] The word, bet365 casino bonus derived.

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Read these two paragraphs in parallel，Helps us understand the division of labor in the bet365 casino bonus field in the Song Dynasty。Please see the table below:

Compared with the Tang Dynasty bet365 casino bonus field，The position of "duyu" no longer exists in the bet365 casino bonus field in the Song Dynasty。This is because the later translator was proficient in both Sanskrit and Chinese，And familiar with Buddhist teachings，So he is no longer like the previous foreign translators，You must rely on Chinese assistants to translate Wentong smoothly，The position of Duyu is really unnecessary。Fanbai，Buddhist ceremony before bet365 casino bonus begins，To clean up the appearance and mentality of the bet365 casino bonus staff，And inspire them to have a charitable heart to protect the Dharma。Because it has little to do with the actual bet365 casino bonus work of Buddhist scriptures，So it was also streamlined in the Song Dynasty。The position of "participating translator" in the bet365 casino bonus field in the Song Dynasty，"Refer to the two native languages ​​to make sure there is no mistake" "Refer to the detailed sentence meaning"，This is roughly equivalent to the "Zhengfanben" in the Tang Dynasty bet365 casino bonus field。That is, the translator is required to translate the scriptures translated into Chinese into Sanskrit，See if the meaning is consistent with the original text。If it cannot be restored to the original text，That means there is something wrong with the bet365 casino bonus。

About the bet365 casino bonus site of ancient Chinese Buddhist scriptures，In the past, it was mostly written records，The graphic information is unexpectedly preserved in the "Xixia bet365 casino bonus Field Map"。First volume of the Xixia bet365 casino bonus of "The Sutra of Thousand Buddhas in the Present Sage Tribulation" collected by the National Library of China，There is an exquisite print，Previously, the academic circles named it "Turkish bet365 casino bonus of Western Xia Scriptures"。Case: The content of the picture is actually a description of the Buddhist scripture bet365 casino bonus site，Does not generally refer to Bible bet365 casino bonus activities，Therefore slight changes，Name it "Picture of the bet365 casino bonus Field of Xixia"，To match the name and reality，Not for novelty。（Duan Yan、Peng Xiangqian: "An Examination of the Division of Labor in "The Picture of the bet365 casino bonus Site of Xixia""，"Ningxia Social Sciences" 2015 Issue 4)

There are 25 monks and lay figures painted on the screen、12 Xixia inscriptions。The image of the eminent monk in the middle of the upper part of the picture is the largest，Wearing cassock，Sitting in lotus position，The title of the list engraved horizontally above the head can be translated as "Bai Zhiguang, the official of Du Da Guan's bet365 casino bonus"，Instant bet365 casino bonus field main translator。There is another inscription engraved on the left and right，Together it can be translated as "Sixteen monks and lay people who assisted in translating the scriptures"。These 16 people are listed on the left and right，Sitting side by side，Two rows on the left and right，4 people per row，Before monks and laity。Every monk has a title on his head，Write the Tangut surname and title。"Bai Zhiguang" left，From top to bottom, they are "Bei Que Hui Yue", "Zhao Faguang", "Wei Ming Guang Yuan" and "Hao Fa Ming"。"Bai Zhiguang" right，From top to bottom, they are "Cao Guangzhi", "Tian Shanzun", "Xiyu Zhiyuan" and "Lu Bu Zhiyun"。4 people are drawn in the left and right corners at the bottom of the picture，The seated female figure in the lower left corner is larger，Next to the Xixia text "Mother Liang's Empress Dowager"。Three waiters from Huangmen will be established in the future。The seated male figure in the lower right corner is larger，Next to the Xixia text "Emperor Zisheng Ming"，The remaining 3 people are smaller，Also a type of Huangmen waiter。(Shi Jinbo: "Explanation of "The Picture of the Western Xia bet365 casino bonus"，"Wenwen" Issue 1, 1979) "Picture of the bet365 casino bonus Field of Xixia" clearly absorbed the actual experience of the bet365 casino bonus field of the Northern Song Dynasty，It is simply a reappearance of the bet365 casino bonus field in the Song Dynasty，The translator is sitting outside，Assistants lined up on both sides，The division of labor in the bet365 casino bonus field is nine。According to the records about the bet365 casino bonus field in "Song Hui Yao Collection" and "Buddha Tongji"，We can determine the specific positions held by the characters in the painting: Bai Zhiguang, the first translator，The second witness on the left is Yibei Quehuiyue，Cao Guangzhi, the third witness from the right，The fourth calligraphy character from the left is the Buddhist monk Zhao Faguang，The fifth stroke from his right is Tian Shanzun，The sixth inscription on the left is named Guangyuan，The seventh reference on the right is translated as Xiyu Zhiyuan，The eighth publication from the left is Ding Hao Faming，The ninth official on his right, Lu Bu Zhiyun。Visible here，The profound influence of Song Dynasty Buddhism on Xixia。Just for the sake of symmetry and beauty，The author of the painting placed the official Runwen who was “located south of the monks”，Listed at the end of the right column of the translator。The biggest difference is that the emperor and the empress dowager who listen behind the curtain appear in the "Xixia bet365 casino bonus Field Picture"，This vividly shows that the Xixia bet365 casino bonus field was carried out under the direct support and management of the imperial court，Reflecting the Western Xia Dynasty’s belief in Buddhism and the importance it attached to the bet365 casino bonus of Buddhist scriptures。

Look at the "Four Lines Parallel bet365 casino bonus Method" again，In fact, it is a simplification of the division of labor in the Buddhist scripture bet365 casino bonus field。

Early Buddhist scripture bet365 casino bonus，Those who speak Sanskrit do not understand Chinese，Those who speak Chinese do not understand Sanskrit，It is necessary to adopt the bet365 casino bonus method of division of labor and cooperation in the bet365 casino bonus field。Later, eminent monks who were also versed in both Buddhist and Chinese appeared，He wants to translate a certain Buddhist scripture alone，One person, multiple roles，The "four-line bet365 casino bonus method" will naturally appear。The "Four Lines bet365 casino bonus Method" has been used in bet365 casino bonus activities for thousands of years in ancient China，Great influence，Gradually expanded from Sanskrit to all non-Chinese characters。Since a large number of Xixia documents were unearthed in the early 20th century，The "four-line bet365 casino bonus method" was naturally introduced into Xixia academic circles，Becomes the basic interpretation model of the current Xixia literature。Analysis of the bet365 casino bonus field of Buddhist scriptures，It helps to deepen our understanding of the "Four Lines Parallel bet365 casino bonus Method"。As in the fourth line of "free bet365 casino bonus"，As you can see from the table, it is not that simple，It originally contains four links: "addition", "parallel bet365 casino bonus", "publishing" and "polishing"。

Of course，The process of studying Xixia literature，It is an endless exploration process，The current interpretation rule "Four Lines Parallel bet365 casino bonus Method" also needs further improvement。For example, add a trend prefix before the verb，This is a very important language in Tangut language、Very distinctive grammatical phenomenon，This is also an important basis for the Xixia language to be classified as the Qiang branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family。The Qiang people mostly live in valleys、River Valley，High mountains and mountains，The road is winding，So it is particularly sensitive to direction，It is expressed in language by adding a lot of prefixes indicating directions in front of the verb。There are 13 verb tendency prefixes collected so far，Can be divided into two categories，A type of perfective body，A category representing imperfections，Correspondence between the two categories，Have the same initial consonants。The list is as follows:

Although in most cases，The verb tendency prefix can be omitted and not translated，But sometimes the trend prefix not only expresses the direction information of an action，In a specific context，The verb can also be given a special meaning，It must be reflected in the bet365 casino bonus。For example, in the seventh chapter of "Eleven Notes on Sun Tzu" in "Military", under the sentence "Do not eat the bait soldiers", Li Quan notes "Qin people poisoned the upper class"，Translated in Xixia "Three Notes on the Art of War" by Sun Tzu:

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　　Qinrenjing water poisoning △vote

The bet365 casino bonus Jingshui downstream.

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Poisoning upstream，Cause the troops stationed downstream to suffer。Poison downstream，is passed bet365 casino bonus verb "(vote)"Add a prefix indicating a downward trend"" is reflected. If bet365 casino bonus omit "”If the word is not bet365 casino bonus, the meaning will be incomplete.

In the process of interpreting Xixia literature in the past，Because there is no corresponding word in Chinese，When translating, it is usually represented by abstract symbols such as "△"，There is absolutely no difference in the grammatical functions of these trend prefixes。This annotation symbol，With the deepening and refinement of research，Destined to be improved。The practice of “grammatical annotation” has become popular in the field of ethnolinguistic research in recent years，That is, using the Leipzig labeling rules，Use the basic grammatical structure framework to mark the morphological and syntactic phenomena of various languages，For example "sex、Number、Grid、hour、body、State” category，At the same time mark the common language bet365 casino bonus words and grammar mark symbols，The corpus processed in this way is easy to classify、Storage and Analysis。Traditional "four-line bet365 casino bonus method"，We may learn useful experience from it。"Workers want to do their job well，You must sharpen your tools first。”I believe in the continuous improvement of the interpretation model of Xixia literature，It will definitely improve the quality of interpretation of Xixia literature。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Unpopular Secret Study Team Project ""Xia bet365 casino bonus of Chinese Books" Compilation and Database Construction" (20VJXT009)

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of bet365 casino bonus Studies, Ningxia University)