Heri people are a branch of ancient Indians，The Hezi civilization they created in Anatolia is an important part of the history of human civilization。During the development of civilization for more than 350 years，Heri Ren attaches great importance to and is good at writing and records their social activities，Compiled and created rich content and type，Documents that have no shortage of their own characteristics，Records their history and the cultural achievements created，Repexation of the reproduction of Hezi civilization or another cultural heritage of human beings becomes possible。

　bet365 best casino games

In terms of writing form of text，The literature of Hezi people includes two parts: wedge -shaped text and pictographic text。wedge -shaped text Literature unearthed in the Hugai people's Metropolitan Site Hazhasha City (now Boiazcale, Turkey) and other sites，such as Tat Picca (now Masart -Xieyuka)、Shapi Nuwa (now Outkoi) and Sarrisha Castle (now Cushakari) and current Idkik、Kaia Pinar and O'Mamchi。So far，The discovered wedge -shaped text mud boards reached 30,000 pieces。other，There are a small amount of bronze plate inscriptions。The place unearthed from pictographic literature is wider，Not only found a small number of pictographic inscriptions，and there are about 5,000 seals and seals; in Yazrica、Schalekry、Fracine and Tashzi、Evraz Pinar、Caraku Rain、Emircatz and Derry Sanli，It has also been discovered that the pictographs of the pictographs varying spaces are also discovered.。

According to the contents of Hezi Chinese、Nature and characteristics，Hechi scholars classify the wedge -shaped text of the existing Hetti people。In the book "The General Eyes of the Literature" published in 1971，French scholar Raosh divides Hezi Linguistics into history、Administrative bet365 best casino games and Technical Literature，Law、Textbook、Myth、Poetry and prayer、Ceremony、Religious administrative literature，Divination Literature，holiday and sacrifice、Foreign language literature，Sumerian and Akkardi literature，There are 13 categories of literature with uncertain attributes。Dutch scholar Daros believes，The literature of Hebi can be divided into 7 categories，That is historical literature，Administrative Technical Literature，Legal Literature，Literature、Religious Literature，Documents related to Akkardi and Sumerian，and Harbin Channel、Lubu -related literature such as Lu Weiyu and Huri。Where，Historical documents include the records of the age and the big event、Treaty and letter (official letter); administrative and technical documents cover economic documents、Training Regulations、Property accounts and horses taming literature; legal literature has two parts: codes and court reports; literature and literature include myths、epic and proverbs; religious documents include prayer、Ceremony、Religious administration、Better、Ome、holiday、Vowing literature and sacrifice directory。

　There are many ways to write in Hezi literature in different periods

According to the content of the literature, the form of the symbol form of the Hetti wedge -shaped text, and the characteristics of the development and change of the language characteristics of the Hercho language，Hezi Xuejie distinguished the wedge -shaped text Hezi Language into the literature of the ancient kingdom of Hezi (1,600-) and the period of the Kingdom of the Kingdom (1st 1500-1345), and the New Kingdom period (BC 1200) /Previous 1198) document。

The wedge -shaped text of Hezai people is mainly written on the mud board，And most of them are written on the positive and negative sides of a mud board，Some literatures are written on multiple mud boards。Existing mud boards also have the so -called "Sammeltafel" form，This refers to a piece of literature with more than two articles and different contents。other，Heri people also Bet365 app download write some of their literatures like wooden boards、Bronze board、Ironboard、Golden board and silver board。King Tetaria IV of Hebi and the Treaty Treaty of Kuron Taka, the king of Tal Hun Tower，It is currently the only inscription of the bronze board that is widely circulated in the world。According to Supiru Liuma I and Sali -Kuruhe、Harbashi III and Urmi -Tyusp Two Treaty Clane Clane Documents，They have written on the golden board and iron plate，Equal Treaty Literature of Kings III of Harbashi III and ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Rames II，It also confirmed that the treaty has been written on the silver board。

Heri people usually finish the writing of a literature，Copy multiple copies。Not only that，Since the kingdom of Hezhongzhong，The officials also copied the early literature。This，Some early documents have versions of different periods。but，Not all literatures are copied。Generally speaking，There are multiple copywriting documents including the age of the age、Treaty、Decree、Training Document、Code Literature、Vocabulary、Mythical Literature、Ritual Literature、Holiday Literature、Poetry and prayer、The forestry literature related to the heavenly phenomenon and Sumerian、Akkardi、Harbid、Lu Weiyu、Paleck and Huli Literature。But，Other categories of documents are likely to have no status of manuscripts，such as a letter、Land gift documents、List and Flower Roster、Economic Literature、Trip testimony、Sacrifice sacrifice list、Document that has nothing to do with celestial phenomena、Divination Literature、Vowing Literature、Favorite list, etc.。A copy phenomenon in the writing of Herzi humanities，It provides possible research on related issues such as the repair of the Hetti Meiler literature，highlight the value of the study of the age。

The number of pictographic literatures of Hebi people is limited。Since the ancient kingdom period，The use of hieroglyphs is gradually valued，Pitch text literature mainly includes two parts: seal and pictographic inscription，The former Bet365 lotto review mainly records the king of the king、Title and their spectrum; the latter is mainly written on the rock wall and stone monument，Used to record the king's military achievements。The inscription mainly uses the method of convex carving，It has strong image and artistic value。The appearance of the hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Hugai people began in the period of King Movari II，The longest space is Nessen Thai Po Po Ting and Nambao's inscription。

Eight documents written in different languages ​​were unearthed at the ruins of the city of Hebi people，Including Hechi language、Harbid、Akkardi、Sumerian、wedge -shaped text Lu Weibi and pictographic text Luwei、Huli and Palek language。Where，Indo -Ouh Estate Chinese accounts for the largest proportion in quantity，The whole process throughout the history of the civilization of Hezi。but，Akkud's use in Herbal State is the same。During the period of the ancient kingdom of Hebi，Herzone also uses Akkardi to record a big event in the Herbal Channel's internal administration，The political widow of Has Tashri I and the famous Tielin Pingzi Order，Both Akkardian text，There is also a Chinese ladder Chinese。The particularly prominent point is，The early 1990s，Land Gift Documents from the Herbon Kingdom unearthed from the Harbusha site，Almost all of them are written in Akkardi，King Heri uses this language to record the various property they presented to the ministers，Leave an authoritative property certificate for those being given。Since the kingdom of Hezhongzhong，Heri people mainly use Akkardo as a diplomatic language，Applicable in foreign relations，Used to write diplomatic treaties and letters。

other，Different stages of Hetai History，Heri people also introduced or accepted the language literature of other nations or tribes，and translate into Hezi Chinese text，or the form of multi -language compilation，There is a Harbin -Hergius、Akkardi — Hergi、Huli -Heri、wedge -shaped text Livvy -Hergi dual language and Sumerian bet365 live casino games — Akkaye — Herchu Trinity，Content involving philosophy、Poetry、mythical epic、All kinds of notes and divinations、holiday、birth、Treatment of insomnia and cleaning oral rituals，As far as the number of dialogues of multi -linguistics，The alien literature translated by Hebi in the 2,000 -century BC is likely to be the most，This is undoubtedly the unique cultural phenomenon of the near Eastern World。

　Hezi literature compilation is unique

Throughout the compilation and development of Heji's literature，In the ancient kingdom period, it has been published in the age of the king、important historical documents such as decree and treaties，There are also laws、Land gift documents、Training Regulations、Pray、All kinds of rituals、Divination、festivals and mythology。Discovery and Dragon Research Confirmation of New Materials，The compilation of the pictographic literature with printing as the main form is also began in this period。

During the kingdom of Hebi，New literature forms such as sacrifice lists and accusations have been released in succession，The new development is also reflected in the number of some types of literature, which is greatly increased，The content is richer，Use more widely。The target of the responsibilities and commandments is expanded，Both the aristocracy、Regulations on the command of administrative officials and staff，There are also military commanders、Soldiers, priests, and other clergy duties; the treaty is no longer just an equal diplomatic agreement，The advent of a group of Kashka Treaty shows，King Heri introduced the treaty into the relationship with some weak countries，Affiliated National Treaty also came into being; the compilation of the age of the age continued to resolve the king of Hezi，The compilation of prayers has a new development，The prayer of the Hugai people has since been deeply attracted to the marks of the Mesopotamian gods' praise culture。

On the basis of inheriting the cultural compilation culture，The number of various literature compiled during the period of the bet365 best casino games new kingdom of Hezi increased significantly，New types such as vowing literature have appeared。The particularly important thing is，The compilation of the age of the King of Murshri II and the compilation of the Anthchu Festival festivals and other documents have a detailed book and abbreviation，Details of the same literature This reflects another new change written by Hezi literature，This is likely to be an innovation compiled by Hezi's character，Different texts have their own focus，Different purpose of determination，It reflects the characteristics of the focus of literature compilation。Another prominent feature is，The literature writing of Hezi people has a clear narrative color，Pay attention to the historical background of writing incidents、processes and changes，Emphasize causal relationship，Rich in content，Pay attention to the details of the details，Lost plot，The portrayal of the character focuses on the inner reveal，Strong ideological，Such a prominent narrative feature，greatly enhances the historical value of the literature。

Heshi's historical literature, although it looks much less than ritual and festival literature in terms of quantity，but，Academic circles are generally recognized，The records of historical events are still contained in the treaty、Training Regulations、Court trial records、Religious prayers and some deities。In fact，We think，Some festivals of Hezi people、Ceremony、Vows and mythology，It also directly or indirectly records about historical events，The so -called Herbon religion and mythical literature also have outstanding historical value。Therefore，Except for historical documents，Other documents of Hezi people are not only an important basis for research in related fields，It is also a historical material material that Hyeper's historical research cannot be ignored。

Putting the various documents of Herzi people into the entire historic and geographical scope of the entire ancient east to examine，Like the age of the age、Treaty、Akvar Prayer and Oath Literature and other outstanding bet365 best casino games features，or because of a large number and variety，or because of the exclusiveness and uniqueness of the Heri people, and the compilation of the literature in the surrounding area, it has a certain impact，In the field of ancient near ancient east literature research，The literature of Hebi people always occupy a place。

Since the 21st century，The archeological excavation work of the Hebide site is continuously deepened，New literature is constantly discovered and published，Let us see，Research on the literature of Hezi people will definitely bring more new understanding in the future。

(The author is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages ​​at Peking University)