Assyriology’s restoration of the lost ancient Mesopotamia civilization，Mainly relying on cuneiform writing (mainly Sumerian and Akkadian) clay tablets unearthed from archaeological excavations (the "clay tablets" used in this article，Mainly refers to writing content and form)。These documents record the politics of the Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia thousands of years ago、Economy、Culture、Social life and other aspects of the situation。Among them，bet365 withdrawal is an important document，The bet365 withdrawal records the reign of rulers in various places in chronological order，This laid the material foundation for the study of the political history and chronology of the ancient Mesopotamia basin。There has been a tradition of compiling royal lists in the ancient Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia，There are as many as a dozen types of royal list documents in existence，Such as "Sumerian bet365 withdrawal" (Sumerian bet365 withdrawal), "bet365 withdrawal of Lagash" (Lagash bet365 withdrawal), "Babylonian bet365 withdrawal a-c" (Babylonian bet365 withdrawal a-c), "bet365 withdrawal of Uruk" (Uruk bet365 withdrawal), etc., "bet365 withdrawal of Assyrian Kings" (Assyrian bet365 withdrawal) is an important part of it.

　　Version of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"

"Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" is the collective name for several Akkadian bet365 withdrawal documents，They record in tabular form relevant information about almost all Assyrian kings from the 3rd millennium BC to the end of the 8th century BC，It is the first-hand historical material for the study of Assyrian history，It also builds the most basic chronological framework for the historical research of the ancient Mesopotamia after the 2nd millennium BC。From the perspective of document structure，"List of Assyrian Kings" is inscribed on both sides of the clay tablet，Each clay tablet is divided into left and right columns by vertical lines，From left to right、Record the names of almost every king one by one from top to bottom、Descent and years in office，This formed the "table" style that people are familiar with today。

The commonly known "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" includes three versions，These are relatively complete clay tablets，Respectively, "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" (Nassouhi bet365 withdrawal), "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" (Khorsabad bet365 withdrawal) and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" (the Seventh Day Adventist Seminary bet365 withdrawal）。The first one is now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum，The collection number is A 116；The latter two were originally stored in the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Chicago，Later transferred to the Iraq Museum，The collection numbers are IM 60017 and IM 60484 respectively。The main text format of these three versions is roughly as shown in "Appendix: Example of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"，The contents recorded are basically the same，There are only differences in a few places (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 311-312）。

In addition，There are two versions of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" that are fragments of clay tablets，Now in the Museum of the Near East, Berlin and the British Museum，The collection numbers are VAT 11554 and BM 128059。There are 5 lines left on the front of the former，There are 7 lines left on the reverse side，Three kings on each side；The latter only has 7 lines left on the front，The beginning of the bet365 withdrawal。The content of these two fragments is consistent with the corresponding parts of the three major versions，The shape of the original clay tablet should also be the same as the three major versions。

Finally，There are also two fragments of clay tablets now in the Museum of the Near East in Berlin，The collection numbers are VAT 9812 and VAT 12058。These two fragments also record a certain number of Assyrian kings，However, its recorded content and text format are quite different from the above five versions，If some kings are not recorded in the above five versions，Therefore these two fragments can be regarded as "variant" documents of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"。

　　Era of editions of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"

First，The "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" to be dated in this article only includes the first five versions mentioned above，The last two tablet fragments should be excluded，One reason is that the full picture of the original clay tablet cannot be seen only from the fragment itself；The second reason is that its text content and format are significantly different from the previous five versions，The nature and purpose of its literature are still controversial in academic circles，Therefore, it is difficult to date through text comparison。

Secondly，The date of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" mentioned in this article refers to the creation date of each edition，Not the copying date of each edition，Because the version we see now may just be a copy of an earlier version。For example，The colophon at the end of the "List of Kings of Khorzabad" records: "Ashur edition，Copied by Kandalanu, the scribe of the temple of Arbela，Rub ()Twentieth day bet365 withdrawal month，Year of Adad-bel-ukin, Governor-General of Ashur，This is his second time serving as a senior official。” (See I.J.Gelb, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 13, 229-230) According to the Assyrian Eponym List，We can accurately deduce，The second time Adad Bel-Uqen served as the official was in 738 BC。In that year，Kandaranu copied it based on a certain version and became the current "List of Kings of Khorzabad"，Therefore the "original" of this royal list must have been created before 738 BC，This point in time is the creation era of "The King of Khorzabad"。Same，The title at the end of "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" also states "Proofreading based on the original、Transcription，The tablets hidden by the Ashur exorcist Bel-shum-idin" (see I. J. Gelb, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 13, 230），Therefore, the age of "SDAS bet365 withdrawal Biao" should also refer to its "original" creation time。

Determine the above two points，Only then can our dating of the various versions of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" be established on a relatively solid basis。

　　(1) "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy", "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" and "bet365 withdrawal of SDAS"

Since the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" records the king's reign，Therefore only deceased or no longer reigning kings will be included in the bet365 withdrawal，Furthermore, the original creation time of a certain version of the bet365 withdrawal must be the reign of the next king after the last king recorded in that version。The "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy", "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" and "bet365 withdrawal of SDAS" are all relatively complete clay tablets，The records at the end of the article are clearly visible，The last king recorded is Tiglath-pileser II，Reigned from about 966 BC to 935 BC)、Ashur-nirari V，reigned 754-745 BC) and Shalmaneser V，Reigned from 726 BC to 722 BC)。Therefore，The "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy" must be written by Ashur-dan II, the direct successor of Tiglath-Plashar II，Reigned from about 934 BC to 912 BC) period；The "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" must have been written by Tiglath-pileser III，Reigned from 744 BC to 727 BC) period，Or to be precise，Written between 744 BC and 738 BC，Because the existing version of the King's List was copied in 738 BC；"SDAS bet365 withdrawal" must have been written by Sargon II，Reigned from 721 BC to 705 BC) period。In other words，The "Nassoy bet365 withdrawal" is older than the "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal"，The latter is earlier than "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 314）。

　　(2)VAT 11554、BM 128059 and "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal"

VAT 11554 and BM 128059 are both clay tablet fragments，The record at the end of the article is missing and cannot be restored，Only looking at the remaining content，It is impossible to estimate the age of these two fragments，It is impossible to compare the two years。However，Because the shape of the original clay tablet reflected in its remaining contents should be basically consistent with the above three main versions，Comparison of these two fragments with these three major versions is feasible。Actually，By comparison we can infer，VAT 11554 and BM 128059 should both be earlier than "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 315）。

First，The last king recorded in VAT11554 is Ninurta-apil-Ekur，Reigned from about 1191 BC to 1179 BC)，This record is located on the left side of the reverse side。Because the front side of the clay tablet is turned upside down，And the front is first from left to right、Second column，The reverse side is third from right to left、Four columns，Therefore，The entry for Ninurta-Apil-Ekur must be in the fourth column of the original tablet of VAT 11554。However，On "The King's List of Khorzabad"，This king is located in the third column, lines 27-30。Judge based on this，The number of kings contained in the "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" should be more than the original clay tablet of VAT 11554，That is, VAT 11554 should be earlier than the "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" (see A. Poebel, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1, 251）。

Secondly，VAT 11554 Column 1, Line 3 Puzur-Ashur II，reigned about 1880-1873 BC) The number of years of reign was replaced by two cuneiform symbols "", meaning "damaged", its Akkadian verb prototype ""means "to break (the clay tablet)"。These two symbols are not found in "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，But it is vaguely seen in the first column of the "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy", lines 33-36, about Naram-Sin，Reigned from about 1872 BC to 1829/1819 BC) in the records of the years of his reign。This may mean，The creators of VAT 11554 and the Nasoi bet365 withdrawal copied relevant information from other materials when editing the text (or the text itself is a copy of an earlier version)，However, the number of years of reign of Puzur-Ashur II or Naram-Sin in the material is damaged and unknown，So VAT 11554 and the creator of "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" marked this truthfully (see E. Nassouhi, Archiv für Orientforschung 4, 2; J. Volk, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 6/1, 4）。If this particular recording pattern is common to VAT 11554 and earlier Nasoi King Lists，But it is not seen in the later "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，This may indicate that the age of VAT 11554 should be closer to the "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy" and earlier than the "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" and "bet365 withdrawal of SDAS"。

Finally，BM 128059 only retains a few lines at the beginning of the original clay tablet，These remaining contents and their format are almost identical to the beginning of the "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" and the "bet365 withdrawal of SDAS"。However，The font of the first symbol "SU" in line 6 has the characteristics of the Middle Assyrian period (see A. R. Millard, Iraq 32, 176）。Coincidentally，"Nassoy bet365 withdrawal", column 3, number 17、The same is true for the font of the symbol "SU" in line 37 and column 4, line 12 (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 315, n.52）。Except "SU"，"bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy", column 3, line 25 and column 4, line 25、The symbol "SAG" on line 27 and the symbol "DA" on line 29 of the third column are also Middle Assyrian。Because the fonts of Akkadian cuneiform symbols gradually evolved in different historical periods, they show distinctive characteristics of the times，The difference in fonts can be used as an important reference for text dating。"bet365 withdrawal of Nasoi" was written in the early Neo-Assyrian period，It is normal for some symbols to be written with remnants of Middle Assyrian script。Therefore，BM 128059 should be of similar age to the "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy" and earlier than the "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" written strictly in Neo-Assyrian script。

　　(3) VAT 11554、BM 128059 and "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal"

It is generally believed in Assyrian scholarship，VAT11554 is earlier than "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi"，is the earliest known version of the Assyrian bet365 withdrawal (see A. Poebel, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1, 251; B. Landsberger, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 39; A. K. Grayson, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 6, Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1980-1983, 109; R. Pruzsinszky, Mesopotamian Chronology bet365 withdrawal 2nd Millennium B.C., An Introduction to the Textual Evidence and Related Chronological Issues, Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009, 45-46），According to this: VAT 11554 contains the last king Ninurta-Apil-Ekur in the fourth column of its original tablet，And on "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi"，This king is located in the third column, lines 36-40，That is, the "bet365 withdrawal of Nasoy" may record more Assyrian kings than the original clay tablet of VAT 11554，Therefore VAT 11554 should be earlier than the "Nasoi bet365 withdrawal"。

Assyriologist Brinkman raised doubts about this (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 314-315）。First，The extant part of the reverse of VAT 11554 should be located in the upper half of the fourth column of its original tablet，Thus compared with "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，VAT 11554 The original tablet should have enough space below the entry of Ninurta-Apil-Ekur to record records until Tiglath-Pileser II or even his successor Ashur-Dan II all the kings of the world。Secondly，Same as "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，VAT 11554 (and BM 128059) are divided into two half columns on the left and right by vertical lines in one column，But the "Nasoi bet365 withdrawal" does not have such a division within one column。However，Since it is impossible to confirm whether the fourth column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554 is fully inscribed or whether there is an inscription at the end of the text (both factors will affect the size of the inscription space，In turn affects the number of kings carried)，And not enough attention is paid to the differences in column formats，Brinkman thinks，The date of VAT 11554 should be roughly equivalent to that of the Nasuoi bet365 withdrawal，But unlikely to be later than "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi"。In addition，Although I have realized that BM 128059 has vertical lines dividing the columns，But considering that it is a fragment, it cannot provide more comparison information，Brinkmann only included it with the Nasoy bet365 withdrawal and VAT 11554 among the early versions that preceded the Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal，Without further age comparison。

However，In the author’s opinion，VAT 11554 and BM 128059 are very likely to be later than the "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal"。

First，The last king shown on the obverse of VAT 11554 is Naram-Sin，This king is located in the first column, lines 35-36 of the bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad、Approximately lines 34-35 in the first column of "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" and approximately lines 35-36 in the first column of "Nasoi bet365 withdrawal"。Therefore，Jonaram-Sin is also located near this location on the original tablet of VAT 11554，Based on the text format of "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal", "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" and "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal" (each column contains more than 40 lines)，There should be about 10 lines below Naram-Sin in the first column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554。Accordingly，The remaining part of the reverse side of VAT 11554 should start around line 10 of the fourth column of the original clay tablet，And finally around line 17，That is, there should be about 30 lines left in the fourth column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554 below Ninurta-Apil-Ekur (see J. A. Brinkman, Orientalia 42, 314）。"bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" ends at line 28 of the fourth column (the bet365 withdrawal does not have an inscription at the end of the text)，Because the bet365 withdrawal omitted Shalmaneser II，Reigned from about 1030 BC to 1019 BC)，So it should have ended at column 4, line 30。"List of Kings of Khorzabad" ends at line 39 of column 4 (including the final title of the seven-line text)，"SDAS bet365 withdrawal" is finally on the 30th line of the fourth column (including the three-line title at the end of the article)。Visible，In different versions，There is no strict rule to follow for where the last column of the king's list ends，That is, the space of about 30 lines below Ninurta-Apil-Ekur in the fourth column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554 may be partially inscribed，It is also possible to engrave all。At the same time，From the next king of Ninurta-Apil-Ekur to the last king of the Nasoi bet365 withdrawal, Tiglath-Plashar II，15 kings in total。Therefore，Regardless of whether the fourth column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554 is fully inscribed or whether there is an inscription at the end of the text，The remaining 30 lines or so can accommodate 15 kings，Because as shown in the bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad and the bet365 withdrawal of SDAS，A king record (including king name、Lineage and years in office) can be compressed into one line to save space。However，From the next king of Ninurta Apil Ekul to the last king of the "Khorzabad List" Ashur Nirari V，There are 25 kings。Therefore，Even without a title at the end of the article，The space of about 30 lines below Ninurta-Apil-Ekur in the fourth column of the original clay tablet of VAT 11554 is difficult to accommodate 25 kings，Because the format of recording a king on a single line is found in the bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad (Column 2, No. 38、47 lines，Column 3, No. 15-16、19—20、31、Line 45，Column 4, No. 5、8—9、Line 18) and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" (second column, 7-8、13、16—23、28-32 lines，Column 3, No. 3-10、13—14、18-19 lines，Column 4, No. 7、12—13、16、19—20、Line 23) has never appeared so continuously and densely。Therefore，The original clay tablet of VAT 11554 may contain more kings than the Nasoi bet365 withdrawal，But it’s hard to beat "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal"，That is, the VAT 11554 that is earlier than the "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" is not necessarily earlier than the "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal"。

Secondly，The front and back of the clay tablet of "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" are only divided into left and right columns by vertical lines，The columns are not divided into left and right half columns。However，The column divisions of VAT 11554 and BM 128059 are the same as those of "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，That is, each column is divided into two half columns on the left and right。In addition，What’s more important，On the Nasoi bet365 withdrawal，There is no horizontal line separating the two kings before and after，But on VAT 11554 and "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal"，Kings are basically separated by horizontal lines。Visible，The text format of the original clay tablets of VAT 11554 and BM 128059 should be consistent with the bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad and the SDAS bet365 withdrawal，However, the text format of "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" is quite different from these four versions，Because there are no vertical lines in each column and the kings are not separated by horizontal lines，The tabular form is far less obvious than these four versions。The coexistence of multiple versions of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" from different eras shows that the compilation of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" was a process of continuous revision over a long historical period (see S.Yamada, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 84, 11-35），Therefore, the text format of the relatively recent "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal" seems to be the more mature and fixed format in the compilation of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"，The relatively early "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi" may not have developed this format yet。Therefore，VAT 11554 and BM 128059, which are more similar in format to the "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal" and "SDAS bet365 withdrawal", are probably later than the "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal"。

In summary，The versions of "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" can be dated as follows: "Nasoy bet365 withdrawal" should be written during the reign of Ashur-Dan II，About 934 BC to 912 BC；The "bet365 withdrawal of Khorzabad" should be written during the reign of Tiglath-Plashar III，More precisely，Between 744 BC and 738 BC；"SDAS bet365 withdrawal" should be written during the reign of Sargon II，That is, from 721 BC to 705 BC；The age of VAT 11554 and BM 128059 cannot be estimated，But both should be earlier than "Khorzabad bet365 withdrawal"，Later than "bet365 withdrawal of Nasuoi"；The "Nassoy bet365 withdrawal" is most likely the earliest known version of the "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal"。

(Author’s Affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Peking University)

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　 Assyrians dominate the Mesopotamia

　　The Mesopotamia (called Mesopotamia by the ancient Greeks) is divided into northern and southern parts，The north is called Assyria，The south is called Babylonia。Among them，Babylonia is divided into two parts，Akkad to the north，Sumeer in the south。The two river basins are one bet365 withdrawal birthplaces of human civilization，The history of civilization in ancient West Asia began with Sumer。Compare to Babylonia，The disintegration bet365 withdrawal Assyrian clan system was slightly later。The history bet365 withdrawal Assyrian state is usually divided into three stages: Early Assyria (late 3000s BC - 16th century BC)、Middle Assyria (15th century BC - 9th century BC) and Neo-Assyria (8th century BC - 7th century BC)。

The city of Assyria is the north-south transportation artery in the two river basins、One of the commercial centers and strategic locations in West Asia。Circa late 3000s BC to early 2000s BC，With the Assyrian city as the center, a city-state dominated by the Sam people gradually formed，Established an aristocratic oligarchic city-state republic。Late 19th BC to early 18th BC，Shamshiyadad I (about 1813 BC - 1781 BC) seized power，Become the bet365 withdrawal of Assyria with true kingship。He expanded Assyria’s power to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean，Self-proclaimed "bet365 withdrawal of the World"，Forcing many surrounding countries to pay tribute。About 1500 BC，The Hurits established the Mitanni Kingdom in the Kabri River Basin，And invaded Assyria，Reduced Assyria to vassal status，More than a hundred years。About early 15th century BC，Mitanni was weakened after being attacked by the Hittites，The Assyrian city-state took the opportunity to become independent。The Assyrians were led by bet365 withdrawal Ashur Ubarit I (about 1365 BC - 1330 BC) and his successors，Defeat Mitanni，Assyria is restored，Then entering the Middle Assyrian period。

After the restoration of Assyria，Waging wars of aggression against foreign countries many times。To the second half bet365 withdrawal 13th century BC，Assyria destroys Mitanni，Plundered the Hittites，Enter the Euphrates River，Sacked Babylon。With the strengthening of royal power，A code of law appeared in Assyria，Historically known as the Middle Assyrian Code。This code is similar to the Code of Hammurabi bet365 withdrawal ancient Babylonian Kingdom，Indicates that Assyrian society at that time was at the same level as ancient Babylonia，It can be said that the two major powers in the north and south bet365 withdrawal Mesopotamia are。During the reign of Tiglath-Plashar I，Carry out bloody conquests，Southern Expedition to Ancient Babylon，Western invasion of Lebanon and Phoenicia，Assyria became strong in the middle period。However，Circa 11th century BC，Assyria was invaded by the Arameans in the west，Under attack from the Zagros mountain tribes in the east。Assyria subsequently declined，The territory is becoming increasingly cramped，Torn apart。

Late 10th century BC，Egypt、Hittite、Babylon and others declined one after another，Provides a favorable international environment for Assyria’s re-emergence。At the same time，Due to the widespread use of ironware，Assyria’s social economy has developed rapidly，Laid a solid foundation for its external expansion。Early 9th BC，Assyria regains its glory，Ashurnaserpal II (883 BC-859 BC) led Assyria to defeat the Aramaeans，Start the expedition abroad。He and his successor Shalma Naser III (858 BC-824 BC) conquered east and west，North from Armenia，Southern end bet365 withdrawal Persian Gulf，East from Zagros Mountains，From the Mediterranean coast in the west，They are all within reach bet365 withdrawal Assyrian army。745 BC，An uprising in the capital of Assyria，Tiglath-Pileser III ascends the throne。From now on，Assyrian history enters the Neo-Assyrian period or the Assyrian Empire era。

Reign of Tiglath-Pileser III，Assyria is becoming stronger day by day。In order to adapt to the needs of imperial rule，Strengthen centralization，He carried out a series of reforms。The effective reforms not only greatly increased the number of troops，And enabled Assyria to establish the most complete military system in the world at that time。Assyria is the first country in the world to enter the age of iron weapons，The Assyrian army armed with iron weapons became the most powerful attacking force in ancient Western Asia。Tiglath-Pileser III and his successors conquered east and west，External expansion reaches its peak，Assyria enters its heyday。After about a century of conquest，Its territory starts from Urartu in the north，Persian Gulf to the south，As far west as the Mediterranean coast and Egypt，Bordering Iran to the east，Establishing a land across West Asia、A huge empire in North Africa。

However，The Assyrian Empire relied on brutal force to maintain its rule，Lack of unified economic foundation，The rule over the conquered areas is very unstable，There are many conflicts at home and abroad。612 BC，The combined forces bet365 withdrawal Neo-Babylonian Kingdom and the Median Kingdom captured the Assyrian capital Nineveh。605 BC，The last decisive battle between the coalition forces and the Assyrian army，The defeat of Assyria, which once dominated the world。

The most precious legacy Assyria left to future generations is the palace library established by King Ashurbanipal (about 668 BC - 627 BC) in the capital city of Nineveh，This was the largest library in the world at the time。Since the mid-19th century，Excavation and restoration by archaeologists，It was discovered that there are more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets hidden here。Discovery in the Royal Palace Library，Enables us to understand the long and splendid culture of the ancient Mesopotamia basin，The new discipline "Assyriology" was also established。The main documents of chronology in Assyria are "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" and "Assyrian Official List"。"Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" in chronological order，Records the names and reigning years of more than one hundred kings in Assyrian history，The time span is from the earliest city-state dynasty of Assyria to the Neo-Assyrian period。Therefore，For the reconstruction of Assyria and even the ancient history of the Near East，The "Assyrian bet365 withdrawal" is an indispensable original document。

(Nan Kairen)