I used to have a long time，Research and Historical Research on Khitan's research and history seems to be completely irrelevant fields，Wells of well water without committing river water，Many historians believe that Khitan has no value for historical research，Not worthy of attention。At that time, there were two main reasons for this situation: First, Khitan has no corresponding dictionary，There are very few information and a single type (almost all of the monumental epitaphs)，Difficulty of deciphering is extremely difficult，Khitan researchers will focus on the cracking of language and text，Rarely considering both historical research; second, historians face the complex and contradictory research results of the Khitan language，It is difficult to judge、choice，Can't start、Use。In the last ten years，With the increasing amount of information on Khitan text and the in -depth research、Mature，This situation has changed obviously。More and more historians are aware of the Khitan University、Small word stone carvings to Liao history、The potential value of the research of the Khitan history，If you can make full excavations and use the Khitan text，Its importance will be no less than that of Oracle to Yin and Shang History、Turkic text in the history of Turkic、Mongolian text in Mongolian Yuan History、Manchu in the history of the Qing Dynasty。It is the help of the Khitan text，More and more well -known history can be revealed to the world。Limited to space，This article only selects more important aspects，Sight in the middle management of Qi Danwen for Liao history、Khitan History and the Research on the Studies of the Northern National History unique contribution。

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The Liao Dynasty has bet365 Play online games changed the national number several times in history，But，"Liao Shi" is unknown for such an important event。This causes scholars to study this。The representative result of this aspect is Mr. Liu Pujiang's "Liao Dynasty National No. Examination Explanation" ("History Research", No. 6, 2001)，This article summarizes the changes in the Liao Dynasty, as follows。916-937，Hanwen Kingdom is "Great Khitan"; 938-982，Hanwen Kingdom is "Daliao" and "Great Khitan"，The former is used in Yanyun Hanyi，The latter is used in the hometown of Khitan; 983-1065，Hanwen Kingdom is "Great Khitan"; 1066-1125，Hanwen Kingdom is "Daliao"。Non -Chinese nation is always one，From no change，The full name is "Hara Khitan"，referred to as "Great Khitan", "Khitan State" or "Khitan"。

but，The actual situation should be more complicated。Mr. Liu Fengzheng according to the information of the Khitan text，Point out how to change the country's country name，The dual nation number is always used in the Khitan text。When the Hanwen Kingdom is Datan，The national name in the epitaph in the Khitan minimum is, the national name in the Gibidy's epitaph is，Chinese translated as "Khitan Liao";，The national number in the Khitan minimant epitaph is changed to, the national number in the Gibidal's epitaph is changed to，Chinese translated as "Liaoning Khitan" ("The interpretation of the text from the Khitan text talks about the dual nation of the Khitan language in the Liao Dynasty -also" Harra Khitan "，"Research on Northeast History" 2006, No. 2)。This discovery has attracted the attention of historians，Mr. Chen Zhichao wrote a special article to introduce ("The Discovery of the Liaoning Khitan System -Comment on Liu Fengzheng's New Discovery on the Khitan Double Country System"，"Yanjing Journal" new 24 issue，2008)，Mr. Wang Zengyu also directly quoted this result ("Liao Jin Military System"，Hebei University Press，2011)bet365 live casino games 。，Mr. Chen Xiaowei from Persian、Tibetan and other literatures start，Further demonstrated the Liao Dynasty's dual -nation system ("Liao Dynasty Guo Number Examination Explanation"，"History" 2016 series 4)。You can imagine，If there is no Khitan text，The Shuangguo system of the Liao Dynasty will never be known for the world。

　　Clarifying the blood relationship between the Khitan nobles

Well knows，Liao Dynasty royal family and post -ethnic worlds are intricate，Many levels involved in the political history of the Liao Dynasty，It is an important issue for lasting attention in the academic world。but but，Due to the omissions of Chinese literature、舛 舛，It is difficult to hit the academic community on many key issues。Clarifying the blood relatives of the Khitan people，It must also start with the text of the Khitan people。Khitan Wenshi engraved information will mostly recover the family of the tomb owner，Many people can be traced back to the ancestors of the 8th and nine generations。If the relevant stone carvings are inspected，Performance research，There must be a major discovery。The representative scholar in this area is Professor Aixinjueluo Ulaxuchun，Since 2004，Published "Liao Jin History and Khitan、Women's Essays "(Kyoto University East Asia History and Culture Research Association，2004)、"Khitan's epitaph よ よ よ よ よ よ た た た た た た た よ よ" (Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan，2006) and other series of nearly ten types。Ulao Xichun uses Khitan、Small word stone carvings，Detailed identification of the royal family of the Liao Dynasty、Post -family and related horizontal accounts、Guo Ji account，and "Royal Watch" and "Foreign Key Table" of "Liao Shi"、Amendment。Many suspended questions，Since then, I have been relieved。For example，Due to the misunderstanding of "Liao Shi"，People generally believe that the royal family's box is Malu、Pu Bet365 app download Gu only、Post is the same person，Three names of one person。The Qing Dynasty examined everyone Qian Daxin as a view。Ulaxe Spring uses Khitan epitaphs to point out that Pu Gu is only for the eldest son of the post，Boximadu is a post，The early royal family of the Liao Dynasty clarified，The mystery of hundreds of years can be solved。Another example，The academic community has a contact with the family of the mother of the Empress Dowager, the mother of the Empress Dowager,，Always existing controversy。Wulaxi Chun passed the Khitan text，Not only found that the name of the mother -in -law of the Empress Dowager is lazy and harmonious，even discovering that Xiao Siwen's ancestor is the grandfather Hu Mi, who is lazy and harmonious，The relationship between the father of the Empress Dowager and the mother of the Empress Dowager Yingtian will be set.。

depends on the promotion of the Khitan characters，People are for the Khitan national uncle's account、Xiao Weng account、Big Father Room、The cognition of the young father's room and the litigation account is in -depth，Liaoning and Jin History and the historical circles have also set off a wave of research on the post -ethnic system and related political history of the Liao Dynasty，Du Xingzhi、Han Shiming、Shi Fengchun、Sun Weixiang and other more than ten scholars have carried out their own research。

　　Reveal the special historical culture of the Khitan people

The historical culture of the Khitan people is an important part of the ancient northern nation research，It is due to the valuable Khitan language information，The study of the History and Culture of Khitan has more in -depth room and room for expansion。In recent years, the surname of the Khitan people in recent years、Research on Name，that is, it is very good to reflect this。

About the surname of the Khitan people，The academic community generally believes that the Khitan people only have two surnames of Yelu and Xiao，This Bet365 lotto review one has become a common sense of people。However, this "common sense" reflects only the situation of Chinese literature，Khitan Wenshi is exhibited completely another scene。According to Khitan's epitaph，The last name of the royal family of the Liao Dynasty，In addition to Yelu's，There is also Yaoji。Yelu Abao Machine is during the founding of the People's Republic of China，Although it is replaced by remote 辇，But the Yari is still regarded as the royal account，The descendants of later generations have also been using the last name of Yao 辇。On the other hand, Chinese literature，After the founding of the Aubao machine，All the Yaoji family is changed to Yelu's，The real situation of the Khitan nobles invisibly covers the real situation of the Khitan nobles。

Compared with Yelu's，Xiao's condition is more complicated。Khitan language writer once found the "Xiao" in the Khitan text，The result returns without merit。This is because in the Khitan text，The Khitan crowd translated as "Xiao" is not crowned with the surname of "Xiao"，Instead, it is replaced by Tabli、Room B、Uesu、Miraji、servant、​​Contempt Gu Nai's、Nu Kunshi and many other accounts、The name of the clan (see Ulaxechun's "Khitan's epitaph よ よ よ よ よ た た た た た た")。This shows that Khitan and Chinese in the "surname" expression，belongs to two completely different systems，Reflected two completely different thinking modes。for a long time，The research results of the historian community，​​Always failed to pay enough attention。until early 2021，Dr. Wu Xiangyu launched a study based on this，I think Yelu and Xiao are generating time、There are different ways to get the surname，There are obvious differences in the form of form and acceptance in the Khitan people，As a result, there is the "postal phenomenon" of Yelu in the Khitan text ("Study on the Surname of the Liao Dynasty in the dual language context"Bet365 app download ，"History Monthly" 2021, No. 1)。

About the name of the Khitan people，The previous historians made various interpretations based on Chinese literature such as "Liao History"，Unfortunately, it failed to reveal its true meaning。Mr. Liu Pujiang reads the results according to the Khitan text，Summary of the Khitan people's names ("Liao History translated as" name ") and the second place (" Liao Shi "freely translated as" word ")，And the end of the second word is all fromOne of the five original characters，These five original characters are ended with -N sounds，The grammar meaning of the suffix suffix。In the Khitan text, you can find that his father's second place is only one word at the end than the eldest son's child name (that is, one of the above five original characters)，If the knowledge of cultural anthropology is combined with cultural anthropology，It can be inferred that the five types of suffix suffix are actually a residue of the Khitan father and son's name system。In the ancient Altai nation，The name system of the Khitan people is relatively complicated。Lucky is，It is the interpretation of the text materials of the Khitan，Only so that this long -annuated national culture can be re -known to the academic circles (Liu Pujiang、Kang Peng "Khitan Name、Preliminary release -Father and Sonic System in Cultural Anthropology Perspective，"Literary History", 2005, 3rd Series); Liu Pujiang "Repeating the Father and Son of the Khitan people -centered on the stone carvings unearthed in recent years"，"Tsinghua Yuan History" Pioneer Number，Business Press，2011)。

Khitan's contribution to history research is far more than this，The above is just a little bit of lingering。With the deepening of the Khitan research and more and more historians actively use Khitan to study Liao history、History of Khitan and the History of the Northern Nationalities，History that is more obscured under the Chinese literature will be re -excavated。Although the text of the bet365 best casino games Khitan has not completely decippped，Some interpretation results are still controversial，But the importance of Khitan's importance to history research is self -evident。I don’t expect Khitan to study from cold to heat，I only hope that more companions can be gathered on the way forward，Everyone researches Khitanwen、Util the Khitan text。

(This article is the Study Special Research on the Constellation of the National Social Science Fund's unpredictable research on the Study of the Khitan Culture and Liaoning History (21vjxg014)

(Author Unit: Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)