Unprecedented "Study" generally refers to the less attention and difficulty of people，Non -Chinese documents unearthed in the Western Regions，Ruwen Luwen Dhara、Buddhist Sanskrit、Yu 阗、Ancient Tibetan and other materials，Nature belongs to unpopular learning，Duan Qing team of the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Peking University has been committed to studying these literature unearthed in the Western Regions for many years，Achievement that made the academic world's attention。Because it is unpopular，So there are a few who are concerned about their results; a large number of articles published in disperse，If not concentrated，It is difficult to figure out the relationship between each other。The author has always paid attention to 阗 History，In this point, there is an interweaving with Professor Duan Qing on this point，So I have been paying attention to the research results of their team for many years，I hope to clarify the inner academic road of their research results。

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佉 Lu Wenis a text of ancient India，Prakrit, Prakrit, India, India, Northwest India，Later, Professor H. W. Bailey of Cambridge University named it "Gāndhārī)，It is used by the academic community。Except Northwest India，Panda Luo language is also in Hetian, Xinjiang, China、Loulan、Discovery of Kuqi and other places，Ru Dhara "Fa Sentence" unearthed in Hutian、Hanzhang two -body money，Niya、A large number of official private documents unearthed from Loulan，Documents and caves in the scope of the kingdom of Guizi。

early 20th century，The British Stan Yinyin was in Central Asia，A total of nearly a thousand documents were obtained; Sven Hedin、E. Huntington、The Okuya Expedition also has a small amount of discovery。After the founding of New China，1959 and 1980，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum、Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology、The Cultural Relics Storage Office of the Hetian area also obtained dozens of pieces of Lu Wenjian in Niya; 1988-1997，Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Institute cooperated with the Japanese Buddhist University to conduct archeological investigations and excavations on the Naya site，Discovered dozens of pieces of Lu Wenjian; others have some scattered discovery。These materials are now collected in the Museum of Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang、Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology、Hetian Museum、State Management Office of Celle County。

Enter the 21st century，Duan Qing team began to study and study the study of Luwen Pando Language, hidden in China。First of all，The results are Duan Qing, published by the Chinese Western Book Bureau in April 2013, etc.、佉 Lu Wen Volume，List as "Serious Book of Sanskrit Beiye Sutra and Buddhist Documents" ③。The length of the second half of this book is the interpretation of the five -piece Lu Wenmu document，Including problem solving、Black and White Figure、Latin Transfer、Chinese translation、Private term annotation。The specific situation of the five documents is: (1) A judgment document from the 6th year of the Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan，Conclusion is the defendant SAAMovi (Samaka Mu Yun) and other four people and four other people from returning from Guizi to the road without killing，Document Age from the end of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 4th century。(2) (3) Interpret the test interpretation of Pi Jianjun，The former is the Shan Shan Wang Yuan Meng (vaMana) In the fourth year (about the early 4th century) a wedge seal SAAMOYA trading contract;TA's ruler to the letter from Kranaya local officials，To repay the debt; the inside of the seal is a letter written to the family in Cleanier。(4) Duan Qing interprets the eighth year of Yuan Meng Wang a land trading wedge seal contract。The above achievements were published in the 6th series of "Western Culture History" (2012)，Duan Qing and Zhang Xue Shanwen English published in the "Annual Report of the Institute of Higher Buddhism at the University of Innovation" (2012)。(5) The last piece was interpreted by Duan Qing，Is the unknown 佉 佉 文 牍，Its text and general Loulan、Naya unearthed 佉 Luwen Different，and NO.661 discovered by Stan's Endre in the same document in the Endre，It is estimated that it was the ancient Lu Wen document，So more precious。Because they are all secular documents，So the value of historical materials is higher。Except for discussion after the translation of individual new words，General words are remitted after all the documents are released，bet365 live casino games Unified for "The Vocabulary Form for Lu Wenwen's Book"。Later, the interpreter's English test article on the previous four documents，English interpretation of vocabulary in the document，Later with Lu text character table。Later is the two -way control index of the national map number and content，Easy to find readers。Finally, the reference catalog。

Subsequent，They also organized a study on the Hetian Museum's collection，One of the groups of articles is published in the "Western Regions Research" 2016 Issue 3，Including: (1) Duan Qing's "Samaka Mu Yun's Home —— Unearted by the Ruya 29 Site 佉 Lu Wenwan's Family and Society"，She pointed out that the site of Naya 29, which was excavated in Stan's excavation, was SAAmovi) Homeland，There are 22 pieces of 佉 佉 from here，The two of the national map also come here。According to these documents, Sakya Mu Yun from escaping to Guizi，Return to Shan Shan again，Conversion identity，The process of re -settling in the settlement of the Joyo settlement outline，And this can be seen from the family system and social relationship of the Shan Shan Kingdom。Duan Qing pointed out that there is the earliest one in the Hetian Museum with the earliest one in the Sakyamu Yunwen Book Group，It is evidence that he fled to the turtle when he fled to buy a house。(2) This document was published by Diego Loukota in the article "The Hetian Museum's Collection from a Lu Wenmu 牍 牍"，It is written by the good man in Guizi，Recommended the name of King Guizi。other，(3) Wu Yipei published "The Hetian Museum John Lu Wenhuan's Wife Book Re -Interpretation"，is the re -interpretation of the sixth year (359) documents of King Sulica that Lin Meicun has read;、Function and False "，From the Han Dynasty Jane's System, the system of 鄯 is introduced from the Central Plains。This view can also be in the English paper of Duan Qing's "A 6th -century Sanskrit cloth, which is reflected in the deed、Coin and King Title (2016) read，It is the consensus of Duan Qing's team for the source of the 佉 佉 牍。

Qinghai Tibetan Medicine and Culture Museum has four pieces of Lu Wenwen documents，Professor Duan Qing and the deputy curator of the museum Cai Luo Pacific co -authored the "Lu Wenhuan of the Qinghai Tibetan Medicine Culture Museum" (2016)，List "Series Series Series and Buddhist Documents Series" ⑤。The documents published here are purchased from the museum from Lhasa，But Duan Qing in the preface according to the content of the document，It is clearly pointing out that these documents are from Xinjiang Minyana Site Stanin N.Xiii House，That is, the homeland of Budhasena, the local resident Budhasena。Stein once discovered 17 pieces of Luwen documents here，Combined with new 4 pieces，Foreword made a detailed explanation of this site。The main body of this book is after the color map，Is the finishing of 4 documents，Including problem solving、Black and White Graphic Corresponding Latin Transformation、Chinese translation、Vocabulary Note，It is particularly worth pointing out，Some pictures are displayed with infrared photos to show the handwriting。From content，Ruchi (Composition in the text) The first is the testimony of the Buddha Tujun in the 26th year (272)，Say I transport the items to the designated place。Ruchi II is also a testimony，Fo Tujun proves that he placed a magic mantra at home，Not doing witchcraft。Ruchi 牍 The third is that the alcohol tax on the Fo Tujun family is determined by the main book Sozga.，The content is closely related to Stan Yin's document N.431/432，Therefore, there is a conversion and translation of N.431。Ruchi Four is damaged，You can know that someone owes the Buddha Tujun and his brother SipoaGrain，Compensation with the horse。Back of Duan Qing two long texts in the back of the book。The first article is "The change of the official official of the Kingdom of Shan Shan in the end of the third century -Taking the Big Main Book Suzhea as the Case" (English this magazine inEuralian Studies,5, 2017），Combined with the new 牍 牍，Try to make his life deeds in time，and Better Luwen Cozbo as the "main book" of Chinese，Not the "governor" that predecessors call，鄯 鄯 There is no state system。The second part is "The wine seen in the Luwen contract"、氍毹、毾and 罽 "，Detailed explanation of wine and various textiles appearing in the document，and point out the actual situation corresponding to the corresponding term。The name of the book is after the book、Gecest name、Official name index and reference catalog。

2021，Duan Qing team published some research results of the Lo Lu Wenwen in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum in the 2nd series of the "Silk Road Research" editor of Li Xiao，Including: (1) Fan Jingjing's "Research on the Four Disposal Muwen Muzhu" in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum，Wooden 1 (XB6954) is a legal document for bet365 live casino games Miya's 20 -year -old belonging to the second son，Wooden Two (XB6953) is a legal document about borrowing grain disputes，Wooden Mang 3 (XB6937) is a tax record，Wooden Two (XB6940) is an account record。(2) Jiang Yixiu's "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum Tibetan Lo Lu Document Interpretation"，A complaint that is really taken away by their own camels and horses。

The Naya Site is located in the tail area of ​​the lower reaches of the Niya River，In the hinterland of the Taklimanan Desert，More than 100 kilometers from Minfeng County to the south。This is originally a place in the Western Han Dynasty，Eastern Han Dynasty was merged by Xun Shan Kingdom，Cad’ota Raya, a Shan Shan Kingdom centered on Loulan,。442 years，Destiny of the Kingdom of Shan Shan，The place where the essence is later incorporated into the kingdom，Is the town in the easternmost part of its east。Due to a large number of Lu Wenhua unearthed in the early days, it was translated and published very early，So related research also has deep accumulation。Duan Qing's team uses their deep skills for Sanskrit，Soon to sort out the Lo Lu documents collected from all over the country，I interpreted a number of unpublished texts，Then I thoroughly studied the administrative system of Shan Shan Kingdom、Family form、Litigation System, etc.，Research on the document and related issues of the Luwen Panda Luo language and related issues that have been silent for many years。

　　Buddhist Sanskrit Language

​​Sanskrit (Sanskrit) is the standard written language of ancient India，Originally the language of the upper -level knowledge class in Northwest China，Compared with general folk use,，Also known as Sanskrit。The classic of primitive Buddhism was originally written in Chinese，Later, it gradually became Sanskrit，formed a special Buddhist Sansan (Buddhist Sanskrit)，Also known as Hybrid Sanskrit。With Buddhism spread from Northwest India to Western Regions (ancient Xinjiang)，Starting from the second half of the 2nd century，Sanskrit documents enter the Oasis Kingdom of Western Regions，First circulate in Beidao，It mainly said that everything has classics; after the 5th century, it is popular in the south.，Mainly Mahayana Classic。With the arrival of the era of the Western Region in the late 19th century and early 20th century，A large number of Buddhist Sanskrit documentation pieces are taken to the West，Chinese scientists have been doing the content of the content of the residual volume、Reconstruction of the relationship between the pieces，and put them in the original Buddhist tradition to study。

Duan Qing during Peking University，Master Professor Ji Xianlin，Mr. Ji studying in Gosteen University in Germany，The instructor is the authoritative Waldschmidt (E. WALDSCHMIDT)。Later, Duan Qing went to Hamburg University to study in 阗，Although this belongs to the category of Iranian language，But Sanskrit interpretation is Duan Qing’s homemade，So once there are new materials，You can sort out immediately。

Duan Qing's team sorting out the new Buddhist Sanskrit documents，Starting the collation of the National Library of China。In the process of organizing，She published "Treasure Trail -A Relators of New Non -Chinese Documents in Hetian Region in recent years" briefly introduced the newly discovered Western Hu language book，Including 阗、Buddhist Sanskrit、佉 佉 犍 犍、Tibetan、According to Shi German、Tuhuo Luo、Literature written by Languages ​​and other languages ​​such as Jewish Persia，Focus on the preliminary organizational results of Buddhist Sanskrit documents，Discussion on the attempts used to write this interruption for Buddhist Sanskrit for Buddhism。This article was originally submitted to the papers of "from birch bark to data database: new progress in Buddhism to write this study" academic seminar，Title "The newly discovered Hindu and Yu Ling Writer in Xinjiang" (2014)，So the discussion of Buddhist Sanskrits，But the summary of the new literature is generally covered with various materials。

Duan Qing, published in 2013, is waiting for "China National Library Collection of Western Regions · Sanskrit、佉 Lu Wen Volume "published all Sanskrit and Luwen written by the national map in recent years，Earlier is the color map of the book，Later is the study of research。Research's "Sanskrit Residual Leaf Research"，Sanskrits are all Buddhist scriptures written on paper，Borneo puzzle is the font of the Western Region South Road，So it should be from the Hetian area。This book is basically arranged in the order of the Buddhist scriptures of "Dazheng Tibetan"，Give the number for each writing book、Size、Published early、Parallel text, etc. Introduction，Then the black and white picture version、Latin Transfer、Parallel text bet365 best casino games (if.)、Chinese translation，Some school notes。Content includes:

Ye Shaoyong sorted out the "Writing and Collection of Hundreds of Sutra", "Eight Thousand Song Prajna Sutra", "Twenty -five Thousands of Song Prajna Sutra", "Miao Lian Hua Jing" and Prajna classic，Some disabled films were published in the English "New Farfront Sanskrits in Xinjiang" (2010)。

Salgi sorted out the "Baoxing Dharani Sutra"，Give Sanskrit、Parallel text of Tibetan and two Chinese translations，Except for three leaves，Earlier, the organizer also published "a new" Baoxing Dharani Sutra "(2008) and" New "Baoxing Dharani Sutra" in English in English (2008)、Two (2010)。

Duan Qing sorted out the "Xianjie Sutra"，It is pointed out that this is the only Boroba -Buddhist Sanskrit Writer，Before that only Afghanistan discovered, Luwen Panda Luo language residual film，So very precious。She made a formal text based on the Tibetan text，and give the corresponding Zhu Fa protector translation，Sanskrit and Chinese vocabulary control tables。The early results are "Sanskrit" San Jie Sutra "remnants -also describes the translation style of the translation of the" Xianjie Sutra "in ancient times and the translation of Zhu Fahu" (2010)，The corresponding English text has also been published (2009)。

Ye Shaoyong sorted out the "Buddhist Names", "Golden Light Sutra", "Zhi Ju Ronini Sutra"，and unknown Sanskrit residual leaves，It may be Abhida Milling Literature; the rest of the small residual films，Not yet compared to fixed。

other，Salgi also completed the "Sanskrit Book of the Sanskrit Museum of the Syller and Art Museum of Peking University" (2020)，Sanskrit, which is also from Hetian, wrote "25,000 Prajna Paramita Sutra", "Miao Fa Lianhua Sutra", "Shou Len Yan San Mei Sutra", "Decisive Sutra" "Dahan Forest Saint -Dhanda Sutra" and so on。All color pictures are published in this book、Latin Transfer、Chinese translation、Parallel Sanskrit and Tibetan text Latin Conversal、The corresponding Chinese translation Buddhist scriptures, etc.。Guan Di used English in English to do research (2014)。

and Yuan Yong published "A Sanskrit Write Book of Ye Sanskrits in ancient times-" The Best of the Dharma "(2020)，is a private collection，In the known Sanskrit、No see in Tibetan text，Very precious，The content is basically consistent with the translation of the Rising Chinese Rise of Sui Yi。

Hetian unearthed a large number of Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures，Duan Qing's team added many new texts to this treasure，Among them, "Buddhist Name Scriptures", "Eight Thousand Song Prajna Sutra", "Writing and Collection of Hundreds" or Sanskrit Write Write，More precious。Yu Yan, located in the south of the Western Regions, is the Mahayana Buddhist Center of the Western Regions during the Han and Tang Dynasties，These writing books are important for the research of the history of Buddhism in the Western Regions。At the same time，Yu Yi is a transit station from Buddhism from India to China，The mother of many Chinese translation Buddhism comes from 阗，Such as the Prajna Sutra, Nirvana Sutra, "Huayan Sutra", etc.，So these Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures are indispensable for Chinese Buddhism。

　Yuyu Buddhist Division and Documents

Yuyu is the official language used by the Western Regions in the Kingdom of the Western Regions，East Iranian branch belonging to the Indo -European language department，Text uses Indian Borneo，The same text used in the popular Buddhist Sanskrits。Yu Yu language has been used in the 5th century，Buddhist classics and secular documents are available，It has been used in the early 11th century。Since the end of the 19th century，Hetian found a large number of classics and documents in Hetian，Most collectives flow to Russia、Ying、Sweden and Japan。

In recent years，It was found that the quantity of Yu Xun language was found again in the Hetian area，Together into hiding in some museums and libraries。Duan Qing is the only Middle -aged Iranian scholar who has been trained in Hamburg University in China，Following Professor R. E. Emmerick (R. E. Emmerick) focuses on 阗，Get a doctorate degree，Therefore, Yu Xun's literature collected by each museum is naturally sent to her for a study。

Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute、Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum edited "Xinjiang Museum's New Document Research" (2013) included three articles: (1)，As mentioned earlier, the flow of this Buddhist scripture，I have discovered 145 writing books in Hetian before，A total of 4 pieces of the new Bo remnants set up this time，But the content is what the previous residual films did not。This book publishes a color graphical version、Latin Transfer、Chinese translation、Corresponding Sanskrit text、Two Buddhist scriptures and Chinese translations、Vocabulary Note。(2) "Yu Xun's" Buddha says all the solemn kings of the king "，5 residual films，probably belonging to two paper leaves。This Sanskrit who has discovered Bet365 app download it in Gilgit，But Yu Xun is the first discovery。Organization includes color version、Latin Transfer、Chinese translation、Corresponding to Sanskrit Transformation and Chinese Translation、Tibetan translation、Yi Jinghan Translation、Vocabulary Note。(3) "Unknown in 阗、Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures and manuscripts "，It is some Buddhist scriptures with little text，Only transliterate and Chinese translation。

Duan Qing's "Chinese National Library Collection of Western Regions in the Western Regions -Yu Lingu" (1) (1) (2015) published a batch of in -laws in the national map of the country.，It is still the specifications of the language and literature of the Western Regions according to the academic circles，Including Figure、Explanation、Latin Transfer、Chinese translation、Vocabulary annotations, etc.，For different documents，The processing method is slightly different。

The part of the Buddhist Buddhist scriptures is basically sorted in the order of the number，The literature of the name or content of the name or content is as follows: (1) "The Fifteen Ghost Minds"，Write the original topic "The Fifteen Ghost Aflies"，It is a spell that protects the fetal women and children。Title shows that this volume belongs to a name SäväkäWoman。Write in the Hetian Desert site，Most of the disability incomplete，Write in nearly two meters like this，And there are also questions and questions，It's rare，Therefore, extremely precious。(2) "Zhiju Dharani Sutra"。(3) "Bodhisattva Born"，Content OK，But what kind of script is determined。(4) "Golden Light Sutra"，2 pieces of residual leaves，"Loser" and "Zhuantian Pharmaceutical Fork Protector"。This "Sancanium" manuscript is different from known manuscripts，And more content than Sanskrit，Near the translation of Yijing Han，Very rich research purpose。Because of its importance，Duan Qing has published research results in Chinese and English before (2006、2007）。(5) "Hundred and Fifty Prajna Paramita Classics"，That is "Lisuto Prajna Sutra"。(6) Chapter 2 of the Book of Zanbaster。This is the Buddhist poetry works compiled by Yu people's own，I found that there are many residual films，Duan Qing's tutor Emmeric has published a publishing book (1968)。Duan Qing this time is better than setting a leaf，and the original page number "119"，A lot of it before it was discovered from 146 leaves，Is an important discovery，This is the best proof of academic relay。(7)，Is the last leaf of this scripture，I didn’t see it in the previous discovery。About this scripture，Duan Qing has been compared to the residual films collected by the Lushun Museum (1993)。(8) "The Dabbi Dharma Sutra"，In addition，The organizer also sees a complete long volume from private hands，There is 539 lines，Published a monograph "Yu Xun's Word of Denoven Grand Dharani Sutra"。There are also some classics that have not been compared with fixed，Some writing books look at it from the appearance like "Book of Zanbaster" or "Golden Guangming the most better king scripture"，but not sure。

Earlier Yu Xun -language Buddhist literature，Emmeric's "Guide to the Literature" (A Guide to the Literator of Khotan, Tokyo，1992) I have done detailed combing。Duan Qing's above is determined to add richer materials to 阗 Buddhist research。

Compared with the Buddhist scriptures，The value of the ethics world and customs is greater，Especially for the historical aspect of Yu 阗，Provided first -hand materials。The most noticeable of which is the discovery of a batch of wooden boxes (wooden letters).，Some still belong to the same character，And most of the chronology of King of the King。We followed the Ji Nian of Yu Xingnian, which we approved by Duan Qing，Introduce its organizational research results。

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum is collected by four in the case of 阗，Although from the folk solicitation，But I know from the content that originally came from a site，Because the content belongs to FuqingFamily. Duan Qing has done interpretation one after another.

"The Daisu Case of Yu Lang -Research on the Early Tang Case of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum" is larger than the general case，Therefore, it is called "big case"。The content of the case actually contains two contracts。The bottom layer of the inner layer of the seal is King Yu(Fu Yixin) In the 38th year of Bama Panfu, the contract of buying a woman's spring。Later, this document was applied，Rewritten another contract，but not enough to apply it enough，So the bottom layer of text can be roughly seen。The case written after is King Yu(Fu Yixiong) In the 12th year, Fuqing purchased women's colorful and her son Ayul's contract。

"The Baby of Shi Han -The Xinjiang Museum Collection of a New Apocalypse Case" recorded the 49th year of Fu Zhixin (Around 660), Fuqing, who adopted a man from Shi Khan. boy，Bet365 app download There are Shi Khan's triggers、guide and local official test。

"Two Contracts in the Times of the Yu Fu" published two cases，One is a contract for Fu Yingxiong to buy a child Hunisari in Pacific in the 5th year of Fu Yixiong; the other is Fu Yixiong's 8th year of Fuqing, who stole the sesame seeds of other people in his own manor and Remake records for fines。

"Chinese National Library Collection Western Region Documents -Yu Lingu Volume" (1) published three in the case of the 阗 牍 牍 牍。

"Monkey Monk Buy Slave Contract" Case 牍 Written on the front of the wooden box lid、Inner and bottom -up，The content is King Yu(Fu Yan) In the fourth year (695) Jie Xie people, Ibha, who betrayed the Master of Kurosa to the house，Multi -person is a witness。Its preliminary research results are "Yu Yue Monk to buy slaves"。

There are two contracts on the case of "Selling Nades"，Inner side of the bottom isKing Panolu Village Pauluku sold her niece Ming Yan to Mansa's contract in the 9th year of the king;，The same is Puguyu betrayed Mingyan，The name of the buyer becomes Pei，The organizer thinks he is Manza。Its preliminary results were "Yu 阗 History reflected in the" Selling Nie Girl "case。

"Fulfa Da Da Five Years 蠲 Removal Contract" records 牍 阗 阗(Fu Yida) In the 5th year of the Governance of the World (732) Du Masaru's Lord, He Xichi Bob was a litigation issue that he had arranged to the Keshero family.。Its preliminary results were "" Five Years of Five Years of Contract "Case"。

For the two cases of "Monk Buy Slave Contract" and "Fulfa Da Da Five Years of Removal Contract"，Duan Qing's "The Classification System of Ancient Yu Xun in the Document in the Documents of Yu Xun" was newly released(Classification)，Revised and re -re -rectification of the interpretation of the above documents。As a sideline，Also translated translated or OR.9268a in 阗，The content is YaojuDocuments with 2500 Document Water as a mortgage。The English text of this article is used as Appendix II (2014)，Among them, "Yaoju Li takes the 2500 Code of Water as a Mortgage" section as section as section as the appendix 1 of this book。Appendix III is exclusive term，Appendix 4 is the case of cases of cases。Last reference。

A batch of stolen cultural relics transferred by the public security department of Hetian Cele County，Among them, there are four cases in the 阗 牍 牍 牍，The version of its version has been published in the book "Celeuda Gou -the Land of Dharma"。Duan Qing sort out as follows:

"A debate on the" tax "in ancient times -Observation based on the Cultural Relics Protection Management Institute of Cele County" (2022)，Transfer、Translation、A case of three sides of the test，It is the Thus of the 3rd year (Around 730) of the Wang Fujian (Around 730).、Shu Lizhen Brothers because they are unable to pay national taxes，Their manor、Land、Water will be deprived，Mortgage to Boliang Nandi and Brooni，The latter pays various taxes on behalf of the latter。The author uses this document，Discussion on the tax situation of Yu 阗。

Another wooden box case is the theme of the "Buying and Sale Monk House" (2020)。This case 牍 only the bottom，Slightly damaged。Write first，It is a contract for Bhikkhu Fuxian to buy a house; I wrote it again later，It is the sixth year of Wei Chiyu (772) Bhikkhu Yuexian and Honor Hyun to buy a house。

Duan Qing also jointly jointly published "Wei Chiyu's 11 Years of Pei Tong Selling Land Case"，The contents of the interpretation of the case are Yu Wangwei Chi YiThe 11th year (777) Broondi and Siluo from Pei 捺 and his son Yermi to buy land for land。Subsequent，She also collects various records about Pei Qi in the abroad in the abroad，Written into "Pei Ye's Life Track" (2013)，Utilizing the country's map、Celery County's cultural management so and overseas collections，Exccursing Pei Ying's life in the order of the age。This is just like her "Sajia Mu Yun's Home"，It is revealed that the new materials are sorted out，Can integrate new and old materials，Write a family or a character with a lively history。

January 2008，I take the team to Hetian for inspection，In the Exhibition of Hetian Museum，See a relatively complete Yu Xun language document，So discuss with the museum，Bring it back and give it to Duan Qing interpretation。She quickly complete the interpretation work，Parallel -connected Hetian Museum published "The Hetian Museum's Research on the Language Leasing Contract -Revised" Sang "(2009)，Special emphasis on the importance of the record of mulberry in this lease contract。

The National Library of China also collects a lot of paper books written by Yu Xun World and Culprit，Duan Qing has developed research on some of the important documents，Published part of the results。Among them, there are:

BH1-15，It should be a list of dispatch，Because it is registered according to "Village"，Therefore, it is helpful for the grass -roots social structure that knows in ancient Bet365 lotto review times，Also for the Chinese text of the name of the Hu Hu Ren，Provide a lot of examples of transliteration，Very rare。Duan Qing first wrote in English "" BISā- "and" Hālaa- "" in the bilateral Chinese book "，Later, I published a revised "Village" in ancient times "" Village "。

BH1-17 is a Tang Jun Guan Jianzhi Lu Yan wrote to the leader of Jie Xie Hu people in Hu Ling (Si Lue)、Black Profit、Mei、A Tong and others，It is to urge the local people and people to pay the bad family money、Foot money and other money、material, etc.，According to the document, KVA Khaihvū "Guo Kaifu" was the same as Guo Xin's Bidai in 781，Judging this article is about 782 years around。Duan Qing's interpretation papers are "Lu Yan Hu Book-Read the Reading of the Chinese National Library BH1-17 in the Western Regions of the Western Regions"。

BH4-135 is a pair of income and expenditure books，Rich in content，There is land、Wine、Silk expenditure records，Records for exchanging items with felt blankets，Use copper coins to buy daily necessities、Grain、Wine、Faculty, etc.，There are also township elders、Master Youxian and others are in records of incorrect taxes。Duan Qing contacts closely related BH4-136，A long note with mud，There is a row of millet specials on it，Mention of the chairman Sa Bao，Detailed test interpretation of BH4-135，Think of this account document，It is likely that the Sogdic Corporation is behind the feet，Please the mage of the local temple help to buy land and various supplies，So her article is called "Sug Special Council to Yu — BH4-135 Interpretation of Document" (2016)。

The Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is hidden in the ethics world of customs，Duan Qing published "Social Change in the Xinjiang Museum's New Document Research"，One of the paper documents organized in which is a instruction from Sabo VAISA，Those who ask for the land of the land to pay taxes。After the transliteration and Chinese translation in Latin，The author has published a document with a document，Detailed discussion of the format of Yu Xun's document，The name of the person involved、Gecest name，The meaning of the "Ministry"，Discussion of the transformation from the rule of the Tang Dynasty to the Tubo rule，and this document is written by Tubo's early rule。Another，Duan Qing、Guo Jinlong's "Yu Qiyu World and Vulgar Documents" publishes other broken secular documents，The same method is the same。Finally, Zhang Zhan's conversion and translation of a "remaining Saute letter"。

other，Duan Qing team has begun to study the Museum of Renmin University of China in the Language Documents，These documents have a close relationship with the national map and collection。Duan Qing、Li Jianqiang's "Money and Symposium -Museum of Renmin University of China The Museum of Museum of China — Analysis of the Bilingual Chinese Books in Chinese" interpreted a bilingual owner's ownership book; Fan Jingjing's "Museum of Renmin University of China 》 One article publishes the official Si Niolo's articles; Duan Qing recently published "The Academic Value of Renmin University of China Hidden in the Language Documents" and positioned these documents。

Duan Qing on the basis of predecessors，According to the new material，New commentary on some Yuyu difficult words，Learn to read the new words，In terms of 阗 Language, leading the current style of the international internationally in the world。These secular documents are involved in many aspects of history，Including Wang Tongba、Social Organization、Contract relationship、Composition of residents、Composition of residents、Agricultural Planting，etc.，Provides a lot of information for further research on related issues。

(The author is a professor at the Department of History at Peking University、President of the Turpan Society of Dunhuang China)