October 1996，Hunan Changsha walking Malou Gujing Group J22 unearthed about 100,000 Three Kingdoms Wu Jian，The whole academic community is sensational。This group of Wu Jian is rich，Let the strange Sun Wu Linxiang Hou Guo gradually enter people's vision，People praise the Malaysia J22 with "Jiahe Yizhi"。Since then，Jane was discovered in ancient wells inside and outside the ancient official office of Hunan, especially in the southern China，Continue attracting the attention of the academic community。Gujing Jianyu not only has a large number，and the sequence is complete，From the Warring States Chu Jian to Jin Jian Yingyou，Show the "well" spraying potential。Why did a large number of simplifies unearthed in the ancient well，What is the mystery? Let us walk into the archaeological scene of Gujing Jianyu，Explosion。

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Gujing Jianyu span the era of the times，Chu Jian, which contains the relics of Jianye's writing era、Qin Jian、Han Jian and Wei Jinjian。Among them, it is not only to make up for the judiciary during the Warring States Period、Hubei Jingzhou Gaotai, Hubei, which lacks administrative documents、Hunan Yiyang Rabbit Mountain and Xiangxiang Sanjiejing Warring States Chu Jian，It also reproduces the Qinshanli of Hunan, Hunan, which reproduces the administrative operation of Qin Dynasty.，It also includes Hunan Changsha Jiu Ruzhai, Hunan, which is expected to change the long -term lag of Eastern Han Dynasty.、East Tower、Shangde Street，Fuling Deng Gongtang，Yiyang Rabbit Shandong Hanjian，It can be described as all of the touches.。

Not only that，Changsha West Malays，Provides the key to compare the differences between the administrative differences of the county in the early Western Han Dynasty，Suxianqiao West Jin Jian, Luzhou, Hunan is a relatively complete Guiyang County upper book，It is also a valuable calligraphy heritage。It can be seen that Gujing Jianyu is not only the original historical material of the administration of the Warring States Bet365 app download Period, Wei, Jin County, and counties in the Warring States Period，And to study the history of Chinese calligraphy、Writing provides precious first -hand materials。

Gujing Jian is just a kind of many types of simple。Past，We according to the source of the unearthed，Divide Jane into Border Simpage、Tomb Brief、Three Categories of Gujing Jian。Of course，In addition, there are Hegou Jian、Jinguan Jian、The palace site is simple and stolen, etc.。With the development of Jianye archeology，There will be no doubt that there will be more sources。but，time to this day，Border Simpage、Tomb Brief、Gujing Jian is still the sources of Jane，Show a three -legged pattern。

But，With the unearthed from the Eastern Han Dynasty of May 1st Plaza in Changsha，More and more scholars use "well cellar brief" to replace the previously used "ancient well brief"。Reasons for the reason，It mainly lies in the May 1st Han Dynasty in Changsha City Centers from the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Eastern Han Dynasty，Its buried environment is similar to the ancient well，Jane's relics are exactly the same，Nature is also the official document of local administrative agencies。Just，May 1st Plaza Eastern Hanjian is not unearthed in a well that was originally used for water，but from the pits that may be used to accumulate domestic garbage，It does not penetrate the seepage of the seepage of the seepage of the sand layer at the bottom，Archaeologists call it "No. 1"。

"Jingjiao Jian" as collectively refers to its reasonableness。but but，"Well" and "Cellar" should not be ignored as the difference between the existence of the accumulation unit。These ancient wells were originally used for water removal，It is only used for landfilling useless things after abandoning; and the cellar has always been used to accumulate useful or useless things。In other words，The unearthed "well" is an abandoned water well，and the "cellar" unearthed from Jianya was the pits used at that time。

Of course，The abandoned wells and the cellar in use finally became the "gray pit" in the broad sense of archeology。So far，Well、Jane unearthed in the cellar is all extended as a waste，This type of border simplifies that Bet365 app download are essentially consistent with the ash pit that is unearthed near the obstacle mechanism and mixed with domestic garbage。From this perspective，Well、Cellar Jane and Border Gray Pitteriopa can also seem to be classified as a category。Just the two relics of the two are different，The former is Wet Jane，The latter is Qian Jian。

Although archaeologists emphasize the differences between "No. 1 cellar" and ancient water wells，but，As far as Jane itself，Well、Jane unearthed in the cellar has a lot of common places，So more and more researchers collectively refer to them as "well cellar slips"。With the development of "Jane's Archeology"，The names of all kinds of simplicity also have the need for further adjustment and refinement。For the abandoned ancient well and the cellar, the brief，The former should be called "Ancient Well Jian"，How to name the latter，How to contact Gujing Jian and other acupoints to contact and distinguish，It also needs to be incorporated into the Jianye discipline system for systematic thinking，It seems that it is called "Cellar Simplified" and "Cellar Simplified".。

　　One of the forms of burial: centralized landfill

Ancient wells after abandoned are often used as garbage pits or landfill pits，Is dumping garbage、Places to cover abandoned objects，This is the fundamental reason for the abbreviation unearthed in the ancient well。According to the distribution of Jian Jian in the ancient well，Gujing Jian can be divided into two categories (refer to Guo Weitao's "Abandoned and Nature of Gujing Jane"，"Literature History" 2021, the 2nd series)，One of which is concentrated in the burying brief，Malaysia Wu Jian and Su Xianqiao Jinjian belong to this category。

Malaysia J22 accumulation score into 4 floors。The fourth -layer relicing square wooden wall and the sedimentation layer formed during use，Basically without relics，Keep the form before J22 abandoned。Layer 3 is the daily accumulation layer after abandoned，Miscellaneous decaying plants、Domestic waste and sporadic brief。The 2nd layer is a brief layer for centralized landfill，"The placement of Jane has a certain order，layer stack，Seeming intention to do "，Many of the accumulated bet365 best casino games bamboo slips present a roll -shaped，Through document research，Most bamboo slips can be integrated or recovered into books。A layer of bamboo mats on the top of the simple layer (this type of bamboo mats may also be the exactly the existence of Jianzhuzhu，It is one of the basis for judging the concentrated burial brief。Similar situations are also seen in the Malaysia West Han Dynasty Jane J8 Jane Jianye accumulation layer，In the second layer, Jian Jian and the seats are entangled with the charges)，It covers pure soil with pure no debris，Is for the first floor。

From the perspective of the accumulation layer，After the Malou J22 was abandoned，It is used as a garbage pit for a period of time，That is the third layer of daily garbage accumulation。Later was used as a landfill pit，is No. 1、2 layers of abandoned documents。Jane's large amount of accumulation to form an independent second floor，and the pure soil of the bamboo mat and the first floor should be used to bury these abandoned simplicity。

Suxianqiao Ancient Well Group J10 was abandoned due to severe collapse。The lower part is the sedimentation layer、Collapse layer，The upper part is abandoned。The same as J22 as Malou，Suxianqiao J10 was buried at the beginning of the abandonment of many garbage，It should be daily accumulation。909 Jane above this，Adhesive together to form 4 groups，The content is the upper book of Guiyang County during the Emperor Hui of the Western Jin Dynasty。visible，This batch of Jane should also be abandoned in J10 after the document file is abolished。

　　Buried Form 2: Daily abandonment

Another category of more ancient wells belongs to daily abandonment，Its main feature is，Jane in the well in the well never gathers and adhesive，Instead of mixed with domestic garbage clips，Disted and disorderly distributed in various accumulation layers。Here Yier Qin Jian、East House of the East Tower as an example to explain。

Liye J1 is divided into 3-18 layers from top to bottom。The 18th floor is pure fine sandstone，Layer 17 found rope and water drawing can fragments，Can reflect the form before J1 abandoned。layer 16-6 is the abandoned domestic garbage accumulation，Each layer is mixed with scattered bet365 best casino games Jane、Bamboo wood chips、Waste debris, etc.。The 5th-3 layer covers a large amount of decaying plants、rubble and fill soil。There is a separate simplified layer with Wujian Wujian、Suxianqiao Jinjian gathers different，Lieye Qin Jian is scattered in orderly in the 17th-5th floor，It should be dumped with daily garbage in J1 as a garbage pit。

East Tower Gujing Group J7 points 5th floor。There is an oval small pit at the bottom of the well at the bottom of the well，The soil is more pure，There are two other pieces of ceramics and a small amount of wooden slips，Reflected the form before and after J7 abandoned。4-2 layer is daily garbage accumulation，Jane San is distributed in the filling soil，Together with the abandoned life appliances。The first layer is mainly filled with mixed construction waste。Like Liye Qin Jian，East House East Hanjian on the 5th-2 floors of J7。

other，Some ancient wells have an accumulation in the well，There are also scattered distribution，Rabbit Mountain Ancient Well Group J9 is like this。Rabbit Mountain J9 points 9 layers，Among them, 3rd、5、7、8 layers of relics (the 5th layer is simple as no word)，The 7th layer of bamboo slips is a one -time investment in the well，and 3、5、8 layers of simplicity scattered in the filling soil。The third year of Qin II was unearthed in the third layer of Qin II，4715_4731，abandoned in front。From this perspective，Seventh layer of one -time stacking simplicity may be after Qin occupation of Yiyang，Chu Xian documents that have failed invalidation are abandoned in J9，3、5、8 -layer Zero Sanjian is a daily abandonment。

　　Location: "Garbage Pit" and "Fitting Pit"

The ancient wells seen in my country so far are basically dumped as waste、Fitting in an abandoned water well near the official department，and ceramic、brick tiles and other life、Building waste。Therefore，As long as it is the "garbage pit" and "landfill pit" of the epidemic era，If the environment is appropriate, there will be the possibility of the simplified relic。There are also ancient well abroad abroad，Chew Valley、Silchester, Hampe County, and bet365 best casino games ancient wells in the ancient wells in the ancient wells in the ancient wells of London's Bloomberg London discovered in the Roman rule。Although these ancient wells are all waste，But they still have the difference between intentional abandonment and unintentional discarding when abandoned。

A large number of simplified concentrated landfills、Disposal in the well should belong to intentional abandonment。This type of Jane gathers together，overlapped on the accumulation of garbage，Some of the simple crickets are also covered with bamboo mats or filled soil，can be classified as a relatively independent unit。For example, take the 2nd floor of J22 J22 in Malou、Rabbit Mountain J9 Layer 7、Suxianqiao J10 adhesive together，All the relics of a relatively complete book。Ancheng County Book Book of Wu Jianzhong, Malaysia, is the administrative archives of the "Changsha Ancheng Record Book 笥"，Suxianqiao Jin Jian belongs to the same book。These documents are likely to be a file that expires abolition，After picked up, it is filled in the well (garbage pit)，The shape of the book relics is often better，belongs to conscious regular abolition。This should also be dealt with abandoned files、One of the ways to fail the document。

Disted ancient wells scattered in various accumulation layers，and ceramic、Brick and tiles and other mixed together，Pour in the well as daily domestic garbage，It is unintentional discard。Daily abandonment Jane Roya Qin Jian、East Hanjian、Shangde Street East Han Jian、Su Xianqiao Wu Jian not only scattered，and most of them are disabled。No word brief、Alien Specification、杮 (also known as "cut clothes"，Modified by Jianwen or cut off the thin slices when using it)，Many are the products that are abandoned and repeated after the abandoned documents。Failure Documents will eventually be abandoned after repeated use，Throw it into the well，Lottery in different ages presents a irregular distribution in the well，Some late simplified stacking layers appear in the early days，The age of schooling in the well in the well cannot be reflected through the Jianzhi year。other，Daily abandonment Jianzhong is still commonly destroyed.，This has not been clearly Bet365 app download seen in the concentrated burial simplification。Burning and centralized landfills should be the two ways to deal with abandoned documents in Changsha County at that time。The ashes left by the former are discarded as a domestic garbage，It constitutes a category of daily abandonment brief。

So，Gujing Jian has a small amount of documents that are unconsciously abandoned in daily administration and life in life，"Daily abandonment simplified" formed with domestic garbage pouring in the well cellar，There are also "centralized landfill simplifications" formed by the abandoned documents and files formed in the waste well。No matter what type，All as "garbage pit" and "landfill pits" discarded as garbage abandoned in the official department —，This is also the reason why these locations unearthed in large quantities of the well cellar。

(Author Unit: College of History of Beijing Normal University)