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Since the reform and opening up，my country's industrial strength is significantly enhanced，The total manufacturing industry has been in the world for many years。Current，The added value of the manufacturing industry has exceeded 1/4 of the global total amount。The reason why my country's industry can achieve such attractive achievements，The industrialization foundation established before the reform and opening up, especially the independent more complete industrial system and the national economic system，It is an important factor that cannot be ignored。

　　Formally proposed to build a "complete industrial system"

Old China is a semi -colonial and semi -feudal country，Economic Development Deform。Agriculture and handicrafts account for 90%of the national economy，Industry is extremely backward。Only a little heavy industry，Most of the repair factories set up in China and provide cheap raw materials for them、Semi -finished mine and factory。There is almost no real machine manufacturing，No modern defense industry，The steel industry is also very weak。As Mao Zedong said: "What can we build now? Can we build a table and chair，Can make tea bowl teapot，Can grow food，Can also be ground into flour，Can also make paper，but，A plane、A plane、A tank、None of a tractor can be made。"The modern history of China since the Opium War is a history of humiliation，The Chinese people have tasted the pain that was beaten because of backwardness，Know "no industry，There is no consolidation national defense，There is no welfare of the people，There is no richness of the country "。After a great recovery of the national economy in 1952，Mao Zedong soberly pointed out: "Comrades must know，Chinese nation and the people must be completely liberated，It must be realized by national industrialization，And bet365 Play online games the job we have done，It's just walking in this direction just now。”

Early early establishment of New China，The Soviet Union once proposed an idea: China's industrialization can consider adopting the "method of the scriptures"，is a division of labor cooperation within a certain range of the socialist camp，Implementing integrated production。but，New Chinese leaders based on the specific reality of China，Make a decision to build a "complete industrial system"。1956，Liu Shaoqi clearly stated in the eight political reports of the Communist Party of China: "We should be within the period of three five -year plan，Basically build a complete industrial system。”

Subsequent，Zhou Enlai made a detailed explanation of this when explaining the policy of economic construction，Point out: "This policy，Simplicate the pilot of the past for the industrialization of socialism，Requirements to build a basically complete industrial system。Our industrialization，It is to make yourself have an independent and complete industrial system。Any country must have a little independent ability to build socialism，Not to mention a big country like us。Too small country，The raw material is very lacking，It is impossible not to rely on the country。and our big country like，It is necessary to build your own complete industrial system，Otherwise, once the wind blows the grass，No country can support us to completely solve the problem。”

Specifically，Establish a basically complete industrial system in our country，It is to strive to be able to produce enough、The main raw materials; can make machines independently，Not only can it manufacture general machines，It is also necessary to be able to create heavy -duty machines and precision machines; be able to create new types of defending their own weapons，Atomic bombs like national defense、missile、Remote aircraft; there must be a corresponding chemical industry、Power Industry、Transportation、Light Industry、Agriculture, etc.。It should also be pointed out，"Basically complete" does not mean bet365 best casino games that everything is completely self -sufficient，And the realization of this task determines whether there is something in things，Do not decide whether there is a high output。Zhou Enlai thinks，Achieve such a goal，The required time may be longer than the three five -year plans written on the eight major resolutions。

Large -scale industrialization construction that has been launched as early as 1953，It is based on the idea of ​​building a "complete industrial system"。The basic task of the first five -year plan is: "Concentrate the main forces to carry out 15 and six construction units designed by the Soviet Union、Industrial construction composed of 694 construction units above the limit，The preliminary foundation of establishing my country's socialist industrialization "。Looking at 150 projects in actual construction，44 military enterprises，Iron、20 metallurgical enterprises such as non -ferrous metallurgy，Chemical Enterprise 7，24 of the machinery industry enterprises，Coal、Electricity、Petroleum and other energy industry enterprises 52，Light Industry and Pharmaceutical Industry 3。Construction of these projects and supporting projects，It can largely change the state of unbalanced industrial layout in my country，Quickly expand a more reasonable industrial layout，Establish a framework of a relatively complete basic industry and defense industry system，It plays a major role in the preliminary foundation of socialist industrialization。From the actual effect,，"One Five -Year" period has achieved the above goals。It is because of the basis of the implementation of the "15th" plan，We only have the confidence to propose the goal of building a "complete industrial system"。The Eight Congress of the Communist Party of China not only proposed such a goal，Based on this, the second five -year plan and even the industrial construction tasks in the future will be arranged。

　　From "Industrial System" to "Economic System"

In the period of three years of economic difficulties，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders adjust Bet365 app download the national economy，Reflection of the past economic construction policy，A new understanding of the goal of building a "complete industrial system"。early 1962，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged Central Working Conference in Beijing (that is, the "Seven Thousand People Conference")，Liu Shaoqi proposed in the written report of the conference: For the development of the national economy from 1963 to 1972，There is a preliminary idea in the central government。The main goal of this vision，First, "According to the principles of diligence and frugality and the standards that are not high，Basically solve the food of our people、Wear、4122_4164、Great Leap Forward，The level close to the modern industrial power "。He pointed out，This idea is based on the summary of past construction experience，According to Mao Zedong's proper treatment of agriculture、Light Industry、The instructions of the relationship between heavy industry are proposed;，my country will be able to lay the industrial modernization、Agricultural Modernization、The foundation of the consolidation of the modernization and national defense modernization of science and technology，Make our country's economic construction and national defense construction effectively based on self -reliance。Visible，At that time, the understanding of the central government had changed from the construction of the "industrial system" to the construction of the "economic system"。

August 23, 1963，Zhou Enlai pointed out when attending the Drafting Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Drafting Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "After three years from 1963 to 1965, and the ten -year plan of 1966 to 1975，Create an Bet365 lotto review independent national economic system。The national economic system includes not only industry，and including agriculture、Business、Science and Technology、Cultural Education、Defense in all aspects。Insufficient in industrial countries，The establishment of an independent national economic system is more complete than the establishment of an independent industrial system。The Soviet Union is Optical Industrialization，Lost the agriculture。"This new understanding gradually forms a consensus in the party's leadership collective。

According to Mao Zedong's instructions，December 1964，Zhou Enlai in the "Government Work Report" at the first session of the National People's Congress，The development idea of ​​"two steps" was proposed: "The main task of developing the national economy in the future，Totally，It is to be within a long historical period，Build our country into a modern agriculture、Modern Industry、Socialist power of modern national defense and modern science and technology，Keep up and exceed the world's advanced level。To achieve this great historical task，Start from the third five -year plan，Development of the national economy in our country，You can consider in two steps: the first step，Establish an independent and complete industrial system and the national economic system; the second step，Comprehensively realize agriculture、Industry、Modernization of National Defense and Science and Technology，The forefront of my country's economy is at the forefront。"He also said:" The third five -year plan period，It is a critical period to achieve the first step of the above task。The work of this period is ready，After about two five -year planning time，It can make my country establish an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system。”

　　Basic implementation target requirements

Hard and unremitting efforts throughout the country，Before reform and opening up，Basically, the goal of establishing a "independent and complete industrial system and a national economic system"。

According to the idea of ​​1963，The main goal of establishing a "Bet365 lotto review independent national economic system" from 1975 includes: grain output reaches 550 billion kg，650 catties of raw grains per capita; cotton output 40 million yuan，Add 250,000 tons of chemical fiber，per capita can be 16 feet; steel output is 28 million -30 million tons; coal output is 400 million tons，oil output of 30 million tons; railway bet365 best casino games transportation mileage reaches about 55,000 kilometers; in wood、Nonferrous metals and rare metals、Various steel、Fertilizer、Poosenium、Machine Tool、The corresponding output is reached in the power generation;，and the defense industry and cutting -edge technology，There are also corresponding growth and considerable development。Due to the interference from the "Cultural Revolution"，Most indicators in 1975 were not completed。but，These goals were basically completed in 1978。The main product output of this year is: 609.53 billion kg of food，633.2 catties per capita; cotton 43.34 million yuan，Chemical fiber 284,600 tons，Sao 2.382 million tons，330.9 billion feet，34.4 feet per capita; 31.78 million tons of crude steel; 618 million tons of raw coal，104.05 million tons of crude oil; railway business mileage 51,700 kilometers。Wood、Nonferrous metals and rare metals、Various steel、Fertilizer、Poosenium、Machine Tool、Power generation and the production capacity of light industrial products and transportation，There are significant growth。Get important breakthrough achievements，The defense industry has "two bombs and one star" and nuclear submarine，There are hybrid rice in the field of cutting -edge technology、Artificial synthetic protein、Returning remote sensing satellite, etc.。Visible，Although I have experienced twists and turns，New China still establishes an independent and complete industrial system and a national economic system for more than 20 years。

Independent and complete industrial system and national economic system established before reform and opening up，It provides material protection for the economic independence and national defense security of New China，It has also prepared technical conditions for the improvement of economic and improvement of people's livelihood in the new period of reform and opening up。Now，my country has become a country with all industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Category，220 more industrial products output ranks first in the world，The added value of the manufacturing industry has stabilized the world'bet365 best casino games s first place since 2010。my country has become the unique economic scale in the world.、The growth rate is fast enough、Not only changes its own appearance, but also changes the world's economic pattern。

(The author is a special researcher at the new era of Xi Jinping in the new era of Chinese characteristics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the Institute of Contemporary China of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)