The famous salt and iron meeting of the Western Han Dynasty was held in February of the sixth year of Emperor Zhaoyuan (81 years ago)，The party participating in the meeting is officials designated by the court，That is the prime minister Tian Qianqiu、Dr. Yu Shi Sang Hongyang、The official "History of the Prime Minister" of the Prime Minister's Mansion and the official "Royal History" of the official official of the Royal Shi;。Central topic is to discuss "the suffering of the people，Educational Education "。At the beginning of the meeting，The view of Xianliang Literature is opposite to the court officials represented by Sang Hongyang。The two parties have launched fierce debate around the existence of official policies such as salt and iron，Then involves the internal affairs, diplomacy and social life of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty。It can be said，This meeting has actually become a meeting to evaluate the gains and losses of Emperor Wu Emperor's policy。This article only talks about the shallow views on the disputes between the Huns and Warfare policies。

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Comprehensive record of "Salt and Iron"，Should the Huns adopt a harmonious policy or a war policy，This is a big focus of Sang Hongyang's debate with Xianliang Literature，The reason for the controversy is，Salt and iron and other official business policies are mainly serving the war。The origin and role of salt and iron such as Sang Hongyang，If "insufficient cost，So Xingyan Iron，Set wine discussion，Loin in place。Fanchai Changcai，Evo Sasuke Border Fee "and so on，It directly illustrates this。The history of the prime minister said: "The doctor is difficult to salt、Iron Man，Non -private，Worry about the use of the country，The border fee is also "，It is enough to prove。If you do not adopt a war policy to the Huns, implement a harmonious policy，Then the official business of salt and iron lost its support。This can be seen，The debate about this issue is actually a controversy about the existence of salt and bet365 live casino games iron and other policies。

Of course，This controversy has a long -term historical origin。From the early Han Dynasty to the death of Emperor Emperor (even Zhao、Xuan、yuan、In the period)，Different Dizhou in the Central DPRK is always different。Ban Gu once concluded: "Hanxing，The loyalty of Jiamou's ministers have a good decree to fight against the temple? When Gao Zu, Liu Jing，Lu Hou Shi Fan Ye、Ji Bu，Xiaowen Time Jiayi、Chao Wo，Xiaowu During the King、Han Anuo、Zhu Buochen、Gongsun Hong、Dong Zhongshu，What I see，each has the same difference，，Better two subjects。The Confucianism of the Gentleman is guarding and relatives，Jiexi people are conquering，Both prejudice for a while，but the end of the Huns also。"" ("Hanshu · Hun Biography") even during the large -scale war period of Emperor Wudi for the Huns，The discussion about the harmony is still endless。After the release of "Wheel"，With the shift against the Huns as a guard，Especially related to the existence of salt iron and other policies，Requirements and the voices of pro -relatives are even higher than a wave。Content at the Salt and Iron Conference，It's just the continuation of the previous controversy。

From the "Salt and Iron"，The controversy is that Sang Hongyang's proposal policy policy helps to fight against the Huns。Xianliang Literature is the Lord and School，In order to deny official business policies such as salt and iron，They do not discuss whether the official business policy will help fight against the Huns with Sang Hongyang at all，Instead, it is directly proposed that this war itself is a mistake。They are based on the so -called "king invincible king", "virtue", "force is not as good as Wende"，The war against the Huns is completely wrong decision。It not only "retreat Ren Wu，Bitter Division Labor "，It caused a huge disaster to the people，And you have to lose money，Can't solve the problem of the Xiongnu invasion。Only "benevolence"，Adopt a harmonious policy，"Soldiers Hug '，thick currency knot and pro -pro.，Only a virtue "，can you make the Huns take care of sincerity，Really achieve "two masters，Internal and external traffic，The world peace，There is no trouble in the world "。For example，bet365 Play online games Literature requires removing salt and iron official camp: "Ancient，Wind with expensive and virtue。Confucius said: ‘Far people do n’t accept，Then repair since Fen De。Come，Ce'an。，Xingshi cuts it，Tun 而，Blid Soldiers Explaimer，For a long time，There is no such thing as a transfer of food，Make the border people hungry and cold，The people work hard。Liyan、Iron，Shi Zhang Li Guan gives it，Non -long strategy also。Therefore, it is also。”

To prove your point of view，Xianliang Literature also publicly spread the theory of failure to the Xiongnu War。On the one hand, they think，The Huns are located in the desert，"East -west North and South，Not poor "，The Han Army is difficult to attack; on the other hand, it is proposed，Huns all cavalry operations，"Wind combination and cloud solution，If you die，Start it when Strikes "，Even the attack，It is also difficult to win quickly。and "less hair is not enough to be more suitable，Most of the people will be unsatisfactory "。They even advocate，Even if you can defeat the Huns，It is useless because of the Huns，The so -called "don't care about it，Disadvantages are poor and useless，Do ten deaths "，Actually it is still equal to failure。They also accused the wars of the Huns is the scourge caused by the "good minister"，and named the surname attack Sanghong Yang，Say he is a strategy for Emperor Wudi，Not only failed to weaken the Huns，Instead, the national strength declines，"The strategy of the king cannot be weak for the Huns，and anti -declining China also "。So，They urge Sang Hongyang and others to be with the Huns as soon as possible，and eliminate official policy policies such as salt and iron。

　　Sang Hongyang Lord started war against the Huns

and Sang Hongyang advocate war，and resolutely oppose and relatives。He first stated，The imperial court was not good at fight，War is the Huns' constant destruction and pro -pro.。Then，He repeatedly emphasized，Huns greedy and cunning，"No letter，Hundreds of Backbone "，Therefore, it is not moral; only through war，can truly relieve the Xiongnu's invasion。He said: "Since Hanxing，Repair and kiss，The hired orders are very Bet365 lotto review thick;，Storm nourish。The Emperor saw that it could be martial arts but not ethical，Therefore, the general general，Strike，Crime。"" Go to Martial Arts "promoted to Xianliang Literature，Sang Hongyang explicitly answered: Culture and military，Since ancient times，"The King of Ming Dynasty has not been conquered since ancient times, and it is not righteous，Can't be raped without city bases "，"Therefore, guarding the conquest，The origin of the origin for a long time "，"There is literary affairs，There must be a martial arts preparation "。He also talks about only integrity、The practice of "unwillingness to change" is deemed to be "the way of danger"，and criticized the "Yue Huo Yuan" advocated by literature is a delusional word from actual，"The Huns of Fuhan，For example, there are 蠹，People have a disease，Disposal is immersed in depth，So the conspirator thinks that it is to be trapped with the pole。Zhu Sheng's words with virtue，This is not feasible "。

To fight back the slanderous slanderous，Sang Hongyang also specifically pointed out: fighting against the Huns is "Xing Bunicure soldiers with violence"，"It is difficult to avoid harm，I think of Li Min's Far Farly "legitimate behavior。Although the war will cause some losses or even serious casualties and material losses，The people's production and life will be affected，But due to effectively stop the Xiongnu invasion，From the perspective of long -term interests，is more than over、Get greater than lost。He said: "The Emperor Emperor Xing Ying soldiers with the violence，Sui Break Qilian、Tianshan，Disposal Party，Beiluo to Longcheng，Only by body。Shan Yu Nuosang，Only by body。Riding the North，Beverages more than 100,000。Men of the Strings，Long Qiu's long，No frustration，Far frustration far away，Sui Nai Zhen Travel。Hun Xie led the public to fall，Set the five -genus country and distance Hu。within the Great Wall，Outside the river and mountains，Raising Disaster。So the ordering order，Reduce，Width of Battle。Although hard work，Well won its celebration。"here，Sang Hongyang also refuted the false fallacy of the Xiongnu with facts。

　The claims of Xianliang Literature are not allowed

Contents of Passing above，Bet365 app download It is not difficult to see: The claim of Xianliang Literature on this issue is obviously wrong。In order to eliminate salt iron and other policies，Publicly wiped out the great achievements that fight against the Huns，Even to realize the peace with the Huns，Shipping down proposed "with virtue"，Calculating as long as "add virtue，Shi Zhihui Hui，Beiyi will be introverted，Style is at ease "。This not only violates the basic facts，also violated the basic spirit of "lack of martial arts" in the Emperor Wudai's "Wheel"。From their strategy,，It is also very stupid。The claims of Xianliang Literature aroused the disgusting of most officials，Even the general who supports them Huo Guang is difficult to accept，This is the root cause。The history of the prime minister has been questioned、The way of stimulating generals proposes to Xianliang Literature: "If the students can settle in the middle school，Huai Lai Yuan，Make the border without the disaster of Kou Lu，The tax on the rent is eliminated! Besides salt、Iron、Both lost? "therefore，When Sang Hongyang refutes them to the role of the war to deny the war，We can obviously feel: Sang Hongyang’s argument is more practical，It is also convincing; while Xianliang Literature seems to be strong，Often transfer topics，even ridiculously "" king's benevolence，Invincible to the world，Evil use of Fei "to obscure。

Xianliang Literature has been specially called the basis of the "Wheel" of Emperor Hanwu as the basis for the argument。For example，Literary speech: "The way of governing the country，Near those who are close to，Near those who are close to。Near those who are close to，Then come far; the people in the people，Then outer。Therefore, group minister's argument or desire field wheel，Mingzhu is not allowed，I thought it would be time to save the proximity in time。Therefore, I said: ‘today’ s affairs，It is forbidden to violence，Stop Fu Fu，Libennon。’Gongqing should be inherited，Please reduce it，Emergency for the people。"But，Their reference is completely disconnected。"Wheel" did not propose to eliminate official policies such as salt and iron，Its main content lies in "The current affairs are forbidden to violence，Stop Fu Fu，Libennon，Repairing bet365 best casino games Ma Fu Ling，To make up for the shortage，Non -Martial Arts "。It can be seen that Emperor Wu still attaches importance to martial arts。and Xianliang Literature will "cultivate the horse reciprocating order，To make up for the shortage，Non -Martial Arts Treasures "deliberately omitted，Talking about "Go to Martial Arts，Waste power Shangde，Guan Guan Liang，removing barrier，The guidance of benevolence "，This is obviously violated and castrated the spirit of the "Wheel"。They also ignored the facts intentionally or unintentionally: the so -called "Kings Invincible"，It is based on a powerful force，Regardless of summer、Business、Week、Qin，No exception。If there is no strong force backing，Any "benevolence" and "Wende" are unreliable。As Wang Xianqian of the Qing Dynasty said: "The husband is the so -called people who take it morally，Powerful but not light force。Gou is weak, but there is no way to see，and people take themselves? "(" Salt and Iron Research ") Taking the harmony policy as an example，The reason why its results are not large in the early Western Han Dynasty and the late Western Han Dynasty was significant，The most important reason is that the comparison of the power of the Western Han Dynasty and the Huns changed。and Xianliang Literature wishing for a wish and relative，This was destined to be unreasonable at the time。

　　Sang Hongyang does not know the change of power

Of course，When the Salt and Iron Conference was held，The situation has changed a lot。Due to the many blows of the Han army，The forces of the Huns are hit hard，It is no longer possible to pose a serious threat to the border。Although the Han Dynasty won the whole general，But due to long -term war damage and the ruling class's horizontal convergence，Leading its internal social contradictions excitement，Unable to launch a large -scale war against the Huns。In this case，"Xianliang Literature blames the destructiveness of the war，Re -raising and pro -probleant，There is a certain objective basis and practical significance "(An Zhaoyu:" Sang Hongyang "，Zhonghua Book Company 1983 edition，p. 75)。

On the contrary，Sang Hongyang's point of view seems a little overly and absolute。He repeatedly emphasized: to solve the Bet365 lotto review problem of the Huns，Can only pass through war。He even thinks，Before the death of Emperor Emperor，"The Huns are trapped in the Han Bing，Folding Wing Broken Wing，Kang Sui "，Should continue war，To completely conquer the Huns。He also feels many times，Due to the death of Emperor Wu, he missed the good opportunity to subdue the Huns，and criticize and claim that and relatives are "all day of poultry，Release it "，"For example, mountain，Not a bit of it "。These are all description，Sang Hongyang's proposition is indeed a bit blind and fight，I made a mistake he said "unknown power change"，No wonder Xianliang Literature violently attacked him as a "good minister of good things" regardless of the people's life。

Despite this，We can’t be too demanding about Sang Hongyang，Because the war is not over after all。The key to the argument between the two sides was actually whether to keep the "martial arts" question at that time- "Today's Huns，Although nothing，For release，What is it? "This also determines that the claim of Xianliang Literature cannot be accepted by the court，And Sang Hongyang's proposition is more actual。

(The author is a professor at the Department of History of Nanjing Normal University)