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Women's writing helps to push the history of women's history

March 02, 2020 05:03 Source: "China Social Sciences", March 2, 2020, No. 1876 Author: Wang Xueping

　　"Ming and Qing Talent Women's Culture" as a hot spot for women's history，It is very prosperous from its research to today。But for a long time，The focus of the research of talented women's culture is mainly female works，is independent volume、Book，and the female works published published by the collection。But，Women's works that can be published independently in the Ming Dynasty are a minority after all。Want to promote the research of women in the Ming Dynasty，Must broaden historical materials and study vision。Study from the study of female works to women's writings，It is the practice of this research concept。Women's writings except for independent works containing women，It also includes after it is engraved after the family collection of the family，Or scattered in various literary genres written by women。Although the difference between the two，but expanded female writing subjects，Especially the observation of the lower -level female writers。As far as the writer of women in the Ming Dynasty，Many lower -level female writers may have only one or two poems retain，The suppression written by the sea in its life。If the hundreds of the Ming Dynasty women's writings accumulate together，The scale effect will occur，enough to make the current phenomenon of "talented women" and women's lives on the Ming Dynasty。

　　Expansion research period and region

　　At present, the academic circles have noticed the special status in the study of women's writings in the Ming Dynasty during the late Ming Dynasty and Jiangnan region。2080s，"The Test of Women's Works" edited by Hu Wenkai was regarded as "the highest achievement of the ancient Chinese women's literature catalog"。Among them, the beginning of Mingming、54 female writers，153 people in late Ming。The author further edited from the perspective of writing to 40 people who Bet365 app download writers women writers in the early Ming Dynasty and the middle of the Ming Dynasty，99 people in late Ming。Pulling off the unknown era，94 women who can test in the early Ming Dynasty and the middle of the Ming Dynasty，252 people in late Ming Dynasty，The latter is 2.5 times the former。As far as the region is concerned，The most female writers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the most。Among the 438 female writers who can test，Jiangsu has 126 -bit，Zhejiang is 94 -bit，Shanghai is 20 -bit，The number of people in the three places adds more than half of the total number of people in the country。It shows that late Ming and Jiangnan is a concentrated period and gathering place in time and space in the Ming Dynasty women's writing。But because of this，It also caused the academic research to highlight the late Ming and Jiangnan，Weakened the process of continuous evolution of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty for nearly 200 years，and the development status of women's writings outside the Ming Dynasty outside Jiangnan。For example, the next female，Especially "famous prostitutes" women's writing in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the emergence of the army in the middle of the Ming Dynasty，This development situation has a direct impact on the prosperity of the Women's Women in the late Ming Dynasty。Because this is a continuous process，Separation and accumulation of women's writing and accumulation of women's writing in the early Ming Dynasty and the middle of the Ming Dynasty，It is bound to lead to one -sided。

　　Jiangsu and Zhejiang region is sincere as a female writer of the Ming Dynasty，But this feature is not only late，This is the case in the early Ming Dynasty。The reason for it，It needs to go back to the historical accumulation of the fall of the Song Dynasty。Song Dynasty，Especially the Southern Song Dynasty，Economic center of gravity complete southward，Agricultural and urban economy has been fully developed，Social culture also moves towards prosperity。This situation continues until the Ming bet365 live casino games Dynasty，Then promote the prosperity of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty。But the Jiangsu and Zhejiang area is just a puppet compared to the Daming Dynasty.，Other areas such as Beijing、Jiangxi、Shandong、Guangdong、Fujian and other places also have various female writers with different quantities。Although it is less than the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions，But they are an important part of the Ming Dynasty women's writing group，To varying degrees, the development of other regions of socio -economic and cultural development and the summary of women's education。If the situation of women in these "non -representative" areas lacks in -depth inquiry，It will inevitably make the Jiangnan women's writing research mainly Jiangnan -based in Jiangnan lacks rigorous times，Long this time，Its research value is bound to be affected。Therefore, the limitation of time and space in late Ming and Jiangnan should be out of time，Start from a wider perspective to study and improve the overall picture of the women's writing in the Ming Dynasty。

　　Surprising increase in non -official wife and female writer

　　Hu Wenkai's 250 Ming Dynasty female writers，Most of them are official wife and daughter。The author is huge and sinks to other female writers 188 -bit，Most of these people are civilian women。Among the 438 female writers，Royal Female、Government wife and female and female officials constitute the upper layer of female writers，reaches 232 people，Half of the overall women's writing group。But this also means that nearly 50%of women writers in the middle and lower layers also，and the lower -level women's identity is low，His poetic works are annihilated and are not recorded in records，Therefore, the number of women writers in the lower level may be more。In addition, from the composition of the upper -level female writer，Royal Female、Female officials are more active in the early Ming Dynasty，In the middle and late Ming dynasties, the officials of the scholar family of the scholar family firmly occupy the main position。This indicates that the doctoral class bet365 Play online games is a carrier of culture and educational carrier，It has an important impact on the campaign of female members in their families。In the lower layer of ordinary female writers，Famous prostitute groups are quite dazzling in women's writing activities in mid -Ming and late Ming Dynasty; maiden、Sales Multi -Hermotic Doctor's Family，Its writings are often regarded as spillover phenomena of women members of scholars and family members。These two types of women's writings have their own unique causes。The most noteworthy is the female writer who is the identity of a civilian wife and daughter。Under the circumstances of social and cultural development，ordinary families in the Ming Dynasty also began to pay attention to cultural education，Following the heir home，There is no shortage of books in the market。The poetic creations of these civilian wives and daughters make the women's writings of the Ming Dynasty show a different development.。

　　In the past, the academic community was enthusiastic about studying the upper -level officials and the talented daughter，Although there is no lack of research value，But these women are representatives of the "idle class" after all，Its life is too windy and snowy。Therefore, listen to the voice of the middle and lower women，Feeling the embarrassment of their lives，Perceive their expectations for a better life，It should be another direction of the research of women's history in the Ming Dynasty。Excessive admiration of talent phenomena is inevitable that most women have low education levels in the Ming Dynasty，Badding of the ability to write ability。It is not difficult to discover from the new deconstruction of the women's writers in the Ming Dynasty，This understanding not only masks the cultural heritage of ordinary women's groups is the fact that the "soil" nourishes the talent phenomenon，And also ignored the prosperity scene of ordinary women's enthusiastic writing in the long -term development of social and cultural education in the late Ming Dynasty。Therefore, bet365 live casino games fill in the lack of circulation of ordinary women's writing activities in the middle and lower layers，The key to returning the overall picture of the Ming Dynasty women's writing。

　　Pursuing female education and lust pursuit

　　Perseverance of female ethics such as female virtues and practicing chastity has always been the mainstream of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty，But the pursuit of individual lust is also common in women's writings in all strata in the Ming Dynasty。Such as the upper -level official wife and daughter，Both self -discipline of practicing the concept of mainstream women at that time，There is also the pursuit of satisfying your own spiritual world。The dual traits of the development of social ideals and the development of individual women's consciousness are mixed with social ideals，The pulse accompanied by the changes of the times is hidden in time。and the "prostitute" class works are more conflict in the presentation of works，The sense of wandering of nothing makes them express their desire for "love" in the work，Especially infatuation between the sexes、Dedicated obsession。The lower -level women's works are more personality，Pursue women's distinctive self -consciousness，The content is relatively closer to reality，Outside home、The description of transactions is the most familiar，But there is still a lack of recognition of women's practice of chastity。

　　Practicing female education and erotic pursuit is the inner trend of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty，Despite the difference in time and content，But the two are always an uninterrupted overall，This is more obvious in some specific fields or special periods。Ru Different Women's Poems，Women have unprecedented release of self -emotion，Also practiced chastity、The vigor of resolutely going to death。The identity of the authors of the difficult woman poetry is not just the upper official wife and daughter，There are also prostitutes、Nie Girl、civilian wife and daughter, etc.。Another，The lower -level women practice female education and erotic pursuit often Bet365 lotto review breakthrough level barriers，The spiritual pursuit of women in the upper boudoir has appeared overlap and fit。These all reveal that women are dual influenced by external ethical education and internal lust.，Forming contradictory entanglement，Reflected in women's writing is two sides that practice female education and lust pursuit。Therefore, the perspective of overly emphasizing the constraints of women's education or strong highlighting the pursuit of women's lust，I am afraid that they are all contrary to historical facts。

　　Based on the "writing" perspective，Digging the content of the neglected activities in the Women's Women's Women's Women's Women's Women's Women，It is particularly necessary to consolidate the research of women's history。Although the writings of the Ming Dynasty are highlighted in late Ming、condensed in Jiangnan，But the foundation and promotion of women's writing in the early Ming Dynasty and the middle of the Ming Dynasty，The development of women's writing in other regions is also an indispensable part of overall research，Therefore, going out of late Ming and Jiangnan is the only way to reshape the Ming Dynasty women's writing overall cognition。Women's writing of the Ming Dynasty is not limited to the upper official wife and daughter or a typical talent，but has a deep popular foundation。The lower -level women of different characters jointly promoted the prosperity of the women's writing of the Ming Dynasty，and the "talented girl" culture is only the result of nourishing the cultural heritage of ordinary women's group。Lower women's writing is an important part of the Ming Dynasty women's writing，Even the more important "sound"。In the Ming Dynasty women's writings, the ethical manifestations of practicing female education，There are also true chanting pursuit of lust，Two people together constitute the true context of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty。These cognition highlights the complexity of women's writing in the Ming Dynasty，Traditional women's compressed cognitive thinking will resort to the style of the Women of the Ming Dynasty as the wind and snowy moon of the upper women，Studies bet365 live casino games under the support of women's theory outside the territory are too emphasizing women's independence consciousness and individual freedom，These have a certain gap with the actual reality of history。

　　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Research on the Organization of Women's Women's Women in the Ming Dynasty" (14BZS026) phased achievement)

　　(Author Unit: School of Social History, Fujian Normal University)

Editor in charge: Changchang