Ancient nations are ethnic communities，National identity is ethnic consciousness and behavior，Refers to bet365 cricket odds’s blood relationship with their own ethnic group、Culture、Historical memory and strong local feelings and corresponding behavioral practices。A country is a political community，National identity in ancient China is dynastic consciousness and corresponding political behavior，referring to bet365 cricket odds (social groups、ethnic group) to the legitimacy of the dynastic regime、Legitimacy and recognition of its system and culture。Ethnic consciousness emerges before national consciousness，National identity can be upgraded to national identity，National identity can also be deconstructed。The Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties were the great migration and integration of ethnic groups in Chinese history、The period from division to the construction of a more consolidated unified multi-ethnic country。The ethnic identity and national identity of the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties established by the ethnic minorities in ancient China，Highlights the characteristics of the times in which ethnic conflicts and ethnic blends stir up each other。

　　The differences between bet365 cricket odds’s identification with the Liao and Jin dynasties.Khitan “founded a country by force”，Conquered the northern tribes one after another。926 years，The Bohai Kingdom, the "prosperous country in the east of the sea" that destroyed the "feud"，Removing worries for the competition in the Central Plains。The Liao bet365 cricket odds moved the main part of the Bohai people from the Mudanjiang River Basin and Changbai Mountain area to Liaodong，They also gradually moved some Bohai people to the hinterland of Khitan，More than a thousand wealthy families from the Bohai Sea were moved to Nanjing, Liaoning (now Beijing)。Bohai people and Han people live together。The Liao bet365 cricket odds recruited strong and capable Bohai people to join the army，Drive them to fight for the Liao bet365 cricket odds，Guard the country，Fortified them everywhere。

The political status of Bohai people in the Liao bet365 cricket odds，Substantially lower than Han and Xi people。Bohai people also have a relatively low sense of identification with the Liao bet365 cricket odds。Bohai people’s resistance，Throughout the Liao bet365 cricket odds。There are two largest ones，The first time was when Dayanlin, a descendant of the Bohai royal family, rebelled in the ninth year of Taiping (1029) of Emperor Shengzong of Liao bet365 cricket odds，The other time was the riot in Tokyo (today's Liaoyang) led by Gao Yongchang, a Bohai native in the late Liao bet365 cricket odds。These two struggles，Bohai people have established political power。In the struggle against the Liao bet365 cricket odds，The national identity of Bohai people has been strengthened，The identification with the Liao bet365 cricket odds has been repeatedly deconstructed。

Ethnic groups other than Jurchen，Bohai people were the first to identify with the Jin regime。At the beginning of raising troops，The Jurchens then proposed "Jurchens、The slogan "Bohai belongs to the same family"，Strive for the political recognition of Bohai people by using similar ethnic origins。The Jin bet365 cricket odds released the captured Bohai soldiers，Let them return to their hometowns to promote the Jurchens’ policy of gentleness and appeasement towards the Bohai people。Afterwards，The Jin bet365 cricket odds completed the unification of Liaodong region，After the dream of Bohai restoration was shattered，The Bohai people turned to support the Jurchens who were "from the same family"，Participate together to overthrow the Liao bet365 cricket odds、In the battle against the Song bet365 cricket odds。In the eyes of Bohai people，The Jin bet365 cricket odds was a country shared by Jurchens and Bohai people。

Jurchen nobles support the Bohai clan，Intermarry with them，And let them join the Kim regime。“The Bohai Sea was not used during the Khitan period，Bohai deeply hates Khitan。The Jurchen army is booming，Bohai Sea descends first，So the Jurchens often use the Bohai Sea as important positions。” (Volume 98 of "Three Dynasties and Northern Alliance") The rulers of the Jin bet365 cricket odds hoped to lead the Bohai people's identity through the national identity of the Bohai families and officials。Many of the mothers and concubines of the emperors of the Jin bet365 cricket odds came from the Bohai clan，Their family enjoyed great honor in the Jin bet365 cricket odds，Has an important influence on the political identity of Bohai people。Han people in Jin bet365 cricket odds、Khitan、Xi people often engage in rebellious behavior，The only exception is the Bohai people，This shows that the Jin bet365 cricket odds’s policy of coaxing the upper levels of the Bohai Sea was successful，Bohai people highly identify with the Jin regime。The national identity of Bohai people is gradually fading，Or integrate into Jurchen，Or assimilated by the Han。

　　The political identity of the Khitan bet365 cricket odds in the Jin and Yuan dynasties.After the fall of Liao bet365 cricket odds，Except for the tribes who followed Yelu Dashi to move westward，Most Khitans were forced to accept the rule of the Jin bet365 cricket odds。Khitan people in Jin bet365 cricket odds，Still taking the old place as the main distribution area，Part of them were organized into the Meng'an Muke organization，The other part still exists in the form of tribes。The Jurchen rulers do not trust the Khitan soldiers。Marshal Zuo Jianjun Yelu Yujian, who was born in the Khitan royal family，Ordered to conquer Yelu Dashi，Due to lost letter，Under suspicion and surveillance，Contact other Khitan generals to plot rebellion。But the plan was leaked，Many Khitan people were killed or fled。Jin Hailing King Period，There is Khitan again、Xi tribe officials plotted rebellion，Support the grandson of Emperor Liao Tianzuo as emperor，Suppressed。Afterwards，The rebellion of the Khitans never stops。The Khitan uprising from the late Jin Hailing King Zhenglong to the early Jin Shizong Dading period and the uprising led by Yelu Liuge at the end of the Jin bet365 cricket odds were both very large in scale。

Compared with the upper-class Khitan officials in the Jin bet365 cricket odds，Ordinary Khitan people (including some grassroots officials) have long been exploited and oppressed，The political identification with the Jin bet365 cricket odds is always low。Until the end of gold，Many Khitan people still cannot forget the hatred between family and country，Having the belief in revenge and restoration of the country。Genghis Khan destroyed the Jin bet365 cricket odds、A call to help the Khitans avenge and avenge their humiliation，Actively strive for the recognition and allegiance of the Khitan people。There are many Khitans who took the initiative to defect to Mongolia and made meritorious deeds in the Mongolian-Jin War。Yelu Ahai、Brothers Yelu Tuhua defected to Genghis Khan long before he founded the country，They are all the heroes who "drink the water of Banshu River together" and formed an alliance ("Yuan History" Volume 149、150）。

Yelvliu Ge, the leader of the Khitan uprising army in the late Jin bet365 cricket odds, defied all opinions，Oppose proclaiming emperor，Voluntary pilgrimage to Genghis Khan，Professed the King of Liao，Hereditary kingship。The Yuan bet365 cricket odds divided the population into ethnic groups、Region and affiliation before Yuan bet365 cricket odds，Divided into Mongols、色目人、Han Chinese、Four categories of southerners，Political treatment and social status are different。Han people are the general name for all ethnic groups under the former Jin bet365 cricket odds。Genghis Khan accepts the audience of the generals，Order “Han people to pay first”，Introduction first”，Officials reported that Liu Bolin was the first to pay，Genghis Khan said: "Although Berlin was first，Come under heavy siege，Brother Wei Ruoliu is loyal and obedient，Let me stay with you first。” ("Yuan Shi Biography of Brother Yelvliu") because the Khitans are good at fighting，Added earlier，So most of the naturalized military households，The situation is better than that of ordinary households。Khitan people who contributed to the war，Mongol rulers granted him official positions，And allow hereditary inheritance，This is of great help in winning over the upper echelons of Khitan。Youyuan generation，The Khitan people’s political identification with the Mongolian rulers is relatively high，So they gradually integrated into the Han people、Mongol ethnic group。

　　Identity issues in the state construction of Liao, bet365 cricket odds and Yuan Dynasties.The Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties were all authoritarian centralized multi-ethnic states established by ethnic minorities，Generally adopt a policy of governing various ethnic groups according to their customs。They also win over the top figures of various ethnic groups to help them rule，Gradually established the dominant position of Confucian thought and culture。This is the basis for the political identity of various ethnic groups in the construction of dynasties。But，A bet365 cricket odds established as a minority through military conquest，The Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties implemented ethnic-oriented policies，Resulting in complicated domestic ethnic conflicts，The contradiction between national identity and national identity is quite prominent。Bohai people、The national identity and national identity of the Khitan people in the state construction of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties，Highlights the complexity of ethnic issues in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties。

Among the major ethnic groups directly ruled by the Liao bet365 cricket odds，Bohai people have the lowest political identity，The main reason is that the Bohai people hate the subjugation of their country。The tragic historical memory of the Khitan’s subjugation，It is difficult to reconcile the national identity of the Bohai people with the identity of the Liao bet365 cricket odds。For the Khitans under Jin rule，Family hatred and national hatred caused by the demise of the Jin bet365 cricket odds and the Liao bet365 cricket odds，And the existence of Xiliao established by Yelu Dashi，This is the important reason why they find it difficult to identify with the Jin bet365 cricket odds。The Khitan people in the late Jin bet365 cricket odds moved to stab Nie'er，Young and ambitious，“Wen (Yuan) Taizu raised his troops，Whispered to someone close to me: ‘Restore the country’.，This is the right time。’Led more than a hundred of his party to the military gate，Ten Strategies" ("History of the Yuan bet365 cricket odds: Biography of Yi La Nie'er")。This explains，If a bet365 cricket odds has caused traumatic historical memories for a certain nation，It will unite its national identity，Difficulty in establishing identification with a dynastic state。

In order to prevent the Bohai people from resisting, the Liao bet365 cricket odds，Multiple forced mass migrations of Bohai people，And "forbidden Bohai people to attack" for a long time ("History of Liao·Biography of Xiao Xiaozhong")。After the attack by the Khitan rebel army，The rulers of the Jin bet365 cricket odds deepened their prejudice against the Khitans。If some ministers advocate that the Jurchens and all other ethnic groups are "one family now"，Should not be treated differently，Jin Shizong insisted that "the so-called family"，They are all the same。Straight female、Han Chinese，In fact, two。I ascend the throne in Tokyo，Khitan、No Han Chinese will go，Only straight women come together，This is the same type？" He also said: "There may be provocations at different times，How can the Khitan be of the same mind as me！"("History of the Jin bet365 cricket odds·Tang Kuo'an Li Biography") after the rise of the Mongols，The Jin bet365 cricket odds also suspected that the Liao survivors had other ambitions，Ordered one Liao family to be guarded by two Jurchen households" ("History of the Yuan bet365 cricket odds: Biography of Brother Yeluliu")。Ethnic discrimination seriously weakens the identity of the ruled nation towards the dynastic state。

The essence of ancient national contradictions is class contradiction。The exploitation and oppression of people of all ethnic groups by bet365 cricket odds countries，Formally manifested as the oppression of the ruled nation by the ruling nation，In fact, it is the exploitation and oppression of the ruled classes of all ethnic groups (including the ruling nation) by the ruling class of the ruling nation。Early Liao bet365 cricket odds，Forcing Bohai people to migrate from their old land to Liaodong，“Those who are too tired to move are ordered to move，Promise to enrich the country and enrich the people and submit it to it" ("History of Liao bet365 cricket odds: The First Annals of Taizong")。Meaning that Khitan nobles are allowed、Herdsmen take poor Bohai people into private slaves。The Liao Shengzong period began to conquest the people of Bohai, Liaodong and merchants，Increase its burden；Another famine in Nanjing，Order to build ships in Bohai Sea，Transporting grain to Nanjing。This became the trigger for Dayanlin’s rebellion。The Khitans of the Jin bet365 cricket odds bore heavy taxes and servitude，Especially border defense and expedition，Often leads to poverty and bankruptcy。When the ruled nation feels a strong sense of deprivation，It will objectively strengthen the self-identity of the nation，Deconstructing its national identity，Creating the opposition between national identity and national identity。

Friendly exchanges among all ethnic groups、Exchange availability、Integrated development、Jointly developing and building the motherland is the mainstream bet365 cricket odds history of ethnic relations in ancient China。However, due to the implementation of ethnic discrimination and oppression policies by successive dynasties，And the greed bet365 cricket odds ruling classes of various ethnic groups，There is a certain degree of opposition between the contradictory unity of national identity and national identity。Only the founding of New China，Provides ideas for the mutual support and symbiosis of national identity and national identity of all members bet365 cricket odds Chinese nation、System、Road protection。

(This article is the preliminary result bet365 cricket odds "Feudal Edition of "General History of Chinese Thought"", a major innovation project bet365 cricket odds Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

(Author’s unit: Institute of Ancient bet365 cricket odds, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)