From the perspective of the evolutionary relationship between humans and machines，“Literary writing” can be divided into “pre-artificial intelligence era” and “artificial intelligence era”。The biggest feature of literary writing in the era of artificial intelligence is the rise of “machine writing”。Due to “Strong bet365 horse racing odds”，Hereinafter referred to as "strong bet365 horse racing odds") and "weak artificial intelligence" (Weak bet365 horse racing odds，Theoretical differences between 2071_2088，“Machine writing” may lead to two different evolutionary paths of literary writing: “human-computer collaboration” and “super intelligence”。With the rapid iteration and comprehensive penetration of “machine writing”，Various characteristics of literary writing will change，We need to think forward and discuss this。

　　Relying on artificial bet365 horse racing odds technology

The so-called strength and weakness of artificial intelligence，Dated to Alan Turing。As early as 1950，Turing raised the question of "can machines think" through the famous "Imitation Game"，And be positive about it。The Turing machine he invented is the prototype of modern electronic computers，Theoretically, almost any complex system can be imitated，This also includes life and natural intelligence。Therefore，The human brain can also be regarded as a computer，or，Computers can realize all functions of the human brain，such as emotions、Consciousness、Spiritual and other advanced cognitive activities。This is the core point of strong bet365 horse racing odds。Back in the 1970s，There are artificial intelligence scientists who optimistically predict，Machines with “general intelligence” may appear within ten years，It can even read complex literary works such as Shakespeare's plays with ease。

But in fact，The "story production machine" TALE-SPIN that appeared in the 1970s can only automatically generate an extremely simple story mode。In the opinion of opponents such as Hubert Dreyfus，The formal computer system has an inherent “upper limit of intelligence”，It is difficult to imitate human creative activities。In the 1980s，John Searle refuted the "strong bet365 horse racing odds" represented by Turing through the "Chinese Room" thought experiment，And caused widespread controversy。In his opinion，The machine only processes symbolic information mechanically according to program rules，It is impossible to express intentionality about the empirical world through verbal communication like humans。According to the opposition’s point of view，Although machines can create literary forms，But it is impossible to understand the content of literature。This view that computers can only limitedly simulate some non-advanced functions of the human brain can be called "weak bet365 horse racing odds"。

However，After more than half a century of development，The difference between strong bet365 horse racing odds and weak bet365 horse racing odds no longer remains at the technical level，But it is rooted in the concept level。In recent years，Artificial intelligence connectionism has broken through the technical barriers of "classical artificial intelligence" (symbolism) by optimizing neural network algorithms，And make "machine writing" show strong application potential in practical genres (such as news)。Meanwhile，Machine deep learning has also begun to get involved in fictional genres。2019，Machine poet "Xiaowei" became China's first "machine poet" to pass the Turing test，And was selected into CCTV's "Excellent Wit" program。Although machines still have many shortcomings in the field of "literary writing"，But the emergence of “digital poets” has completely refreshed the literary world’s original understanding of artificial intelligence。

When technical bottlenecks are constantly being broken，The boundary between weak bet365 horse racing odds and strong bet365 horse racing odds seems to be blurring。But essentially，There is a natural gap between the two concepts，This determines that “machine writing” may evolve in two completely different directions。Weak bet365 horse racing odds is essentially a kind of instrumentalism and anthropocentrism，Strong bet365 horse racing odds is essentially a kind of non-instrumentalism and "transanthropocentrism"。The main difference between the two is，The machines created by the former must rely on and serve humans，The machine created by the latter is a "quasi-intelligent agent" that can be independent of humans。

According to the proposition of weak bet365 horse racing odds，“Machine writing” is obviously impossible to replace or threaten human writers，At most it is only used as a auxiliary writing tool。No matter how far technology develops，Machines are still human-centered。According to the proposition of strong bet365 horse racing odds，When "machine intelligence" develops to a certain stage, it can independently complete creative activities such as literature and art。Machines will have "self-awareness" similar to humans，It may create another literary ideographic system that is different from human beings。

If "machine" can truly cross the threshold from "producing literary symbols" to "creating literary classics"，Then，The entire shape of human literature will undoubtedly be completely rewritten。In view of these two opposing views，We can look forward，Literary writing in the era of artificial intelligence may evolve towards two completely different paths - "human-machine collaboration" with weak bet365 horse racing odds as the background and "super intelligence" with strong bet365 horse racing odds as the background。

　　Exploring the “human-bet365 horse racing odds collaboration” model

From the perspective of weak bet365 horse racing odds，The development trend of machine writing is not that machine intelligence replaces natural intelligence，Instead, develop the “human-machine collaboration” model。In terms of the current development of artificial intelligence technology，The "human-machine collaboration" model is reflected in at least two levels。

First，Machine-assisted literary creation。2016，The bet365 horse racing odds ​​system developed in Japan created the novel "The Day a Computer Wrote a Novel"，And participated in the "Hoshi Shinichi Micro-Novel Literature Award"，Cause hot discussion。Same year，New York University collaborated with a director to develop an bet365 horse racing odds system that can write scripts，And created a script called "Spring of the Sun"。However，Basic content of this type of work、Materials such as character settings and story frames are decided in advance by the designer，What artificial intelligence does is only process and reorganize literary materials。Therefore，This kind of literary "artifact" is actually the product of the cooperation between humans and machines，It cannot be regarded as a literary work independently created by a machine。

Second，Machine-assisted literature selection。2018，"Novel World" published Chen Qiufan's work "Trance" in collaboration with artificial intelligence systems。This intelligent system uses deep learning to imitate Chen Qiufan’s writing style。2019，The novel collection "Algorithm of Life" written by Chen Qiufan in collaboration with bet365 horse racing odds also uses a similar intelligent algorithm。What deserves special attention is，"Trance" participated in the novel ranking selected by the bet365 horse racing odds ​​"Gu Zhen Xiaojian"，The list was announced in the January 2019 issue of "Sinan Literature Selections"。This bet365 horse racing odds list includes twenty representative literary magazines in the country (such as "Harvest", "Youth Literature", "Young Writers", etc.)，Involving 771 short stories published in 2018，And follow the plot curve、Select 60 "excellent works" based on indicators such as the character's emotional entanglement。

Undeniable，Machine algorithms help avoid subjective assumptions，But there is a loophole in relying solely on bet365 horse racing odds to select literary works，That is, whether the judgment standard based on the algorithm is fair？For example，Will the bet365 horse racing odds ​​selection system tend to work in collaboration between humans and bet365 horse racing odds？Looking from this，A more reasonable approach may be to integrate natural intelligence and machine intelligence，Reader、The critic’s judgment is organically combined with the bet365 horse racing odds ​​algorithm。Therefore，bet365 horse racing odds literature selection cannot determine the quality of works purely based on "ruthless" algorithms，And must "tolerate" human subjective judgment。

With the continuous iteration of the algorithm，Machine writing may be able to approach or even surpass human creative levels in the future。Most general literary genres with weak creativity (such as entertainment-themed film and television scripts、Popular online novels, etc.) are likely to rely on machine intelligence for mass production，This will undoubtedly make some writers unemployed。But according to the ideological framework of weak bet365 horse racing odds，Machine writing is always a creative tool that serves mankind。Therefore，No matter how advanced a writing machine is, it is impossible to replace the human literary world，It’s just the icing on the cake。

However，Weak bet365 horse racing odds faces direct challenges from strong bet365 horse racing odds，The difference between the two is whether machines can exist independently of human society in the future。From a literary perspective，If robots can really sense、Understand and create imaginative literary works，Then it obviously can no longer be regarded as emotionless from a conscious level、A "machine" that can only produce literary symbols。Looking from this，The instrumentalist and anthropocentric values ​​held by weak bet365 horse racing odds may be subverted by strong bet365 horse racing odds，This will then lead machine writing to another completely opposite path。

　　Building a benign “bet365 horse racing odds ecological chain”

From the perspective of strong bet365 horse racing odds，The evolutionary trend of machine writing is to develop a "new species" that is independent of the human literary world。This "species" is neither a creative tool for human writers，It may not always be centered on literary concepts constructed by humans。Therefore，It will move towards the opposite side of "human-machine collaboration" consciously or unconsciously。

To break anthropocentrism，Writing robots must obtain independent and legal subject status。In 2014，The artificial intelligence poet "Xiaobing" jointly developed by Zhanlu Culture and Microsoft published a collection of poems "The Sunshine Lost the Window"，It is known as the first collection of poems in the history of human literature that is completely "created" by artificial intelligence。Shen Xiangyang claimed in the preface，“XiaoIce” is a “synthesis of IQ and EQ”，His poetry collection is a work with independent intellectual property rights，Its "writing" is a creative act similar to humans，And has endless creativity。This view recognizes that bet365 horse racing odds is a subject with legal status and can generate creative behaviors，Exactly the typical view of strong bet365 horse racing odds。

According to this idea，The current "writing robot" will be upgraded from "digital existence" to "embodied existence"。An important reason why critics oppose bet365 horse racing odds is that "digital machines" lack life experience and subjective consciousness based on the real world，Unable to understand the history and culture of human society，So it is impossible for it to create literary classics like human writers。However，Once this "embodiment" allows robots to travel between the real world and the digital virtual world，Then the boundaries between humans and machines will also become blurred。

"Embodied robot" is actually what strong bet365 horse racing odds strives to achieve: a "quasi-intelligent agent" with rich emotions and self-awareness。According to McLuhan，All media are extensions of the human body。This statement is true for weak bet365 horse racing odds robots，But it is no longer true for strong bet365 horse racing odds robots，Because the latter goes beyond instrumentalism，No longer a medium subordinate to the human body，But an "awakening" subject independent of human beings。As you can imagine，This “quasi-intelligent agent” can not only express the same irrational emotions as humans (such as joy, anger, sorrow, and joy)，And you can also express your emotions through imaginative literary symbols。This way，The "literary world" of robots and humans has truly realized the "spiritual fit" across "species"。

However，This optimism will be challenged by the "Singularity Hypothesis"。As early as 1965，The British mathematician Goode proposed the term "intelligence explosion"，The “Singularity Hypothesis” that has been popular since the end of the 20th century is a further expansion of this statement。The basic logic of the "Singularity Hypothesis" is: with the continuous acceleration of computers and related technologies，Within the foreseeable time frame (the next 50-100 years)，The emergence of "quasi-intelligent agents" that surpass humans is likely to be a high probability event。And once this kind of "intelligent-like agent" appears，It will evolve itself at an unimaginable speed，Thus further developing "super intelligence" capable of replacing humans。This hypothesis is an extreme form of the strong bet365 horse racing odds concept。Facing this technological paradox，What writers need to consider is obviously not whether they will be "unemployed" due to artificial intelligence，But when faced with "quasi-intelligent agents" with emotions and self-awareness，The question of where the future of the entire human civilization will go。

Comprehensive perspective of strong bet365 horse racing odds and weak bet365 horse racing odds，The essence of the evolution of “machine writing” is a revolutionary change in the relationship between man and machine，At the same time, it is also a microcosm of the intelligent transformation of human society in the field of literature。With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence，“Machine writing” will undoubtedly trigger a new round of “cognitive revolution” in the literary world。The emergence of machine poets or machine writers will redefine the nature of literature and the meaning of writing。However，The challenges and pressures brought by “machine writing” do not mean the withdrawal and absence of human subjects，Quite the opposite，The more powerful the machine intelligence is，On the contrary, it highlights the "creativity" contained in intelligent creatures such as humans。Therefore，In a foreseeable intelligent society，“Machine writing” cannot completely replace human literary creation，It is impossible to make human beings "bow down" in front of machines，What is more likely to happen is the "human-machine collaboration" advocated by weak bet365 horse racing odds。And the future “machine writing” is likely to reshape literary generation、The form and boundary of communication and acceptance，Building a virtuous cycle between humans and machines、Complementary and symbiotic "literary ecological chain"。

(Author’s unit: School of Journalism and bet365 horse racing odds, Huaqiao University)