From the perspective of the evolution of humans and machines，"Literature Writing" can be distinguished as "Previous Artificial Intelligence Age" and "Artificial Intelligence Age"。The biggest feature of literature writing in the era of artificial intelligence is the rise of "machine writing"。Due to "Strong AI，The following referred to as "strong AI") and "Weak AI (Weak AI，The following referred to as "weak AI") theoretical differences，"Machine Writing" may make literary writing develop two different evolution paths: "human -machine collaboration" and "super smart"。With the high -speed iteration and comprehensive penetration of "machine writing"，Various characteristics of literary writing will change，We need to think and discuss this forward -looking thinking and discuss this。

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The so -called strong and weakness of artificial intelligence，Tading back to Alan Turing。As early as 1950，Turing put forward the question of "whether the machine can think" through the famous "imitation game"，and hold a positive attitude for this。And the Turing machine he invented as the prototype of modern electronic computers，Theoretically, almost all complex systems can be imitated，Among them, it also includes life and natural intelligence。Therefore，Human brain can also be regarded as a computer，or，Computers can achieve all functions of the human brain，such as emotion、Consciousness、Senior cognitive activities such as spiritual spirit。This is the core point of strong AI。As early as the 1970s，There are artificial intelligence scientists optimistic，Machines with "General Smart" may appear within ten years，It can even read complex literary works such as Shakespeare drama。

But in fact，"Story Production Machine" TALE-SPIN that appeared in the 1970s can only automatically generate extremely simple story mode。In the opinion of the opponents such as Hugen Drevs，The formalized system of the computer has a "smart limit"，It is difficult to imitate human creative activities。bet365 Play online games By the 1980s，John Celes refuels the "strong AI" represented by Turing through the "Chinese House" experiment，and cause extensive controversy。In his opinion，The machine is just mechanically processing symbol information in accordance with the program rules，It is impossible to show your intention to the experience world through language communication like humans。According to the opposition's point of view，Although the machine can create literature,，But it is impossible to understand the content of literature。This view that computer can only be limited to simulate the non -advanced function of the human brain can be called "weak AI"。

but but，After more than half a century of development，Different differences between strong AI and weak AI no longer stay at the technical level，but rooted in the concept level。In recent years，Artificial intelligence connectionism has broken through the technical barrier of "classic artificial intelligence" (symbolism) through optimization of neural network algorithms，Make "machine writing" showing strong application potential in practical style (such as news)。At the same time，Machine deep learning has also begun to get involved in fictional style。2019，The poet "Xiao Wei" became the first "Machine Poet" to pass the Turing test in China，and selected for CCTV's "Smart" program。Although the machine still has many defects in the field of "literary writing"，But the emergence of "digital poets" has completely refreshing the original cognition of artificial intelligence in the literary world。

The bottleneck of the technology is constantly being broken，The boundary between weak AI and strong AI seems to start to become blurred。But in essence，The concept of the two has a natural gap，From this determining that "machine writing" may evolve in two completely different directions。Weak AI is essentially a kind of instrumentalism and human centerism，Qiang AI is essentially a non -toolism and "super -human centerism"。The main difference between the two is，The machine manufactured by the former must rely on and serve humans，The machine created by the latter is a "intelligent body" that can independent of human beings。

According to the claim bet365 live casino games of weak AI，"Machine Writing" is obviously impossible to replace or threaten human writers，It is at most just as an auxiliary writing tool。Regardless of the degree of technology development，The machine is still centered on humans。According to the claim of strong AI，"Machine Intelligence" can independently complete creative activities such as literature and art。The machine will have "self -consciousness" similar to humans，It may create another set of literary descriptions different from human beings。

If "machine" can really cross the threshold from "production literature symbol" to "creative literature classics"，So，The form of the entire human literature will undoubtedly be completely rewritten。In view of these two opposite views，We can look forward to，Literature writing in the era of artificial intelligence may evolve towards two completely different paths -"human -machine collaboration" with weak AI as the background and "super smart" with strong AI as the background。

　　Exploring the "Human -Machine Cooperation" mode

From the perspective of weak AI，The development trend of machine writing is not machine intelligence instead of natural intelligence，Instead of developing the "human -machine collaboration" mode。As far as the current development of artificial intelligence technology is concerned，"Human Machine Cooperation" mode is at least two levels。

First，Machine auxiliary literary creation。2016，The AI ​​system developed by Japan created the novel "The Day of a Computer Writing Novel"，and participated in the "Star New Micro Fiction Literature Award"，Cause heated discussion。In the same year，New York University cooperated with a director to develop an AI system that can write script，Create a script called "The Spring of the Sun"。but but，Basic content of such works、The material settings and the story framework and other materials are determined by the designer，and artificial intelligence do only process and reorganize literary materials。Therefore，This type of literature "product" is actually a product of cooperation between humans and machines，instead of being regarded as a literary work created independently。

Second，Machine Auxiliary Literature Selection。2018，"Novel World" published bet365 best casino games the work of Chen Yifan and the artificial intelligence system "State of the State"。This intelligent system imitates Chen Yifan's writing style through deep learning。2019，The novel "Life Algorithm" cooperated with AI with AI also adopted a similar intelligent algorithm。The particularly worthy of attention is，"The State of God" participated in the novel rankings selected by AI "Gu Zhenjian"，The list was announced in January 2019, "Sinan Literature Selection"。The AI ​​list includes the nation's representative 20 literary magazines (such as "Harvest", "Youth Literature", "Youth Writers", etc.，771 short stories in 2018，and according to the plot curve、Seeds such as character emotional tangles and other indicators selected 60 "best works"。

It is undeniable，The machine algorithm helps avoid subjective judgment，But there is a loophole in relying on AI to select literary works，Is the algorithm -based judgment standard fair? for example，Does the AI ​​selection system tend to work with human cooperation with AI? Look at it，More reasonable methods may be comprehensive natural intelligence and machine intelligence，Readers、The judgment of the critic is organically combined with the AI ​​algorithm。Therefore，AI literature selection cannot be purely based on the "ruthless" algorithm to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the work，The subjective judgment of human beings must be "tolerated"。

With the continuous iteration of the algorithm，Machine writing may be close to or even surpass the level of human creative。Most of the most creative general literary genre (such as the film and television script of the entertainment theme、Popular online novels, etc.) It is likely to rely on machine intelligence to produce in batches，This will undoubtedly cause some writers to unemployment。But according to the weak AI ideological framework，Machine writing is always a creative tool for humans。Therefore，Renewal of high writing machines cannot replace human literary world，but just add the icing on the cake。

But，Weak AI is facing a direct challenge of a strong AI，The difference between the two is whether the machine can exist in human society in the future。From the perspective Bet365 lotto review of literature，If the robot can really perceive、Throughout and create imaginative literary works，So in terms of consciousness, it obviously cannot be regarded as no emotion、"Machine" with only literary symbols。From this point of view，The value and human centerist values ​​held by weak AI may be subverted by strong AI，Then the machine writing will lead to another opposite road。

　　Build a benign "Literature Ecological Chain"

From the perspective of a strong AI，The evolution of machine writing is to develop a type of "new species" independent of the world of human literature。This "species" is not the creative tool of human writers，It may not always be centered on the literary concept built by humans。Therefore，It will be conscious or unconscious to the opposite side of "human -machine collaboration"。

To break human centerism，Writing robots must obtain independent and legal subject status。2014，Zhanlu Culture and Microsoft -developed artificial intelligence poet "Little Bing" published a collection of poems "Sunshine Lost Glass Window"，It is known as the first poem collection in the history of human literature that is completely "created" by artificial intelligence。Shen Xiangyang claims in the foreword，"Little Ice" is "IQ and EQ Complex"，The collection of poetry is a work with independent intellectual property，Its "writing" is a creative behavior similar to humans，and have a steady stream of creativity。This view is admitted to AI is the subject that has a legal status and can generate creative behavior，It is the typical point of strong AI。

According to this idea，The current "writing robot" will be upgraded from "digital existence" to "body existence"。An important reason for critics to oppose machine writing is that "digital machine" lacks a real world -based life experience and subject consciousness，Can't understand the history and culture of human society，So it cannot create literary classics like a human writer。But，Once this "personality" enables the robot to cross the real world and digital virtual world，Then the boundary between humans and machines will also become blurred。

"Body Robot" is actually a goal achieved by strong AI.。According to Mike Luhan，All media are extended by the human body。This Bet365 app download statement is established for weak AI robots，This statement is established for weak AI robots，Because the latter surpasses the instrumentalism，No longer a medium that belongs to human body，but the "awakening" subject independent of human beings。You can imagine，This "intelligent body" can not only show the same irrational emotions as humans (such as joy and sorrow)，And can also express your emotions through imaginative literary symbols。This is the case，The "literary world" of robots and human beings truly realized the "spiritual fit" that spans the "species"。

But，This optimism will be challenged by the "wonderful hypothesis"。As early as 1965，British mathematician Gude proposed the saying of "smart explosion"，and the "wonderful hypothesis" popular since the end of the 20th century is a further expansion of the statement。The basic logic of "Strange Potal" is: with the continuous acceleration of computers and related technologies，Within the foreseeable time range (50-100 years)，"Smart -like" that emerged beyond human beings is likely to be a high probability event。Once this "smart body" appears，It will gain self -evolution at a speed beyond imagination，to further develop "Super Smart" sufficient to replace human beings。This hypothesis is an extreme form of a strong AI concept。Facing this technical paradox，Writers need to consider whether they should "unemployment" because they will "unemployment"，Instead, when facing the "Smart Smart" with emotional and self -consciousness，Where does the future of the entire human civilization go out。

Comprehensive strong AI perspective and weak AI perspective，"Machine Writing" evolution is essentially a revolutionary transformation of human -machine relations，At the same time, it is also a microcosm of the intelligent transformation of human society in the field of literature。With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence，"Machine Writing" will undoubtedly trigger a new round of "Cognitive Revolution" in the literary world。The emergence of machine poets or machine writers will redefine the essence of literature and the meaning of writing。But，The challenges and pressures brought by "Machine Writing" do not mean the exit bet365 Play online games and absence of human subjects，Just the opposite，The stronger the machine intelligence，Instead, the more highlights the "creativity" contained in the smart creature of human beings。Therefore，In the foreseeable smart society，"Machine Writing" cannot completely replace human literary creation，It is impossible，It is more likely to happen "human -machine collaboration" advocated by weak AI。and the "machine writing" in the future is likely to reshape the literary generation、The form and boundary of communication and acceptance，Build a benign cycle between people and machines、"Literature Ecological Chain" with complementary symbiosis。

(Author Unit: College of Journalism and Communication of Huaqiao University)