Starting from the middle of the 20th century，The problem of deterioration of ecological environment caused by the development of social economy and science and technology in the West is increasingly serious。American writer Rachel Kasun's book "Silent Spring" (1962) has triggered a wide range of people's thinking about ecological environmental pollution，The sign and milestone of becoming the Western Environment Movement。Subsequently, Linken White's classic book "Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis" (1967) from Western Cultural Perspective，Further analyzes the ideas and cultural roots that lead to ecological environment problems，That is, the dual opposition between humans and nature in the concept of human centralism。The 1970s，Western Environment Movement from paying attention to environmental pollution、Protecting wild animals、Save resources and turn to focus on the entire ecosystem and global environmental protection cooperation。1973 Norwegian philosopher Allen Noss proposed deep ecological theory in "Deep and shallow: a long -order ecological movement，Emphasize the equality and universal connection between human beings and nature，Calling humans to abandon the "little self"，Establishing an Ecological Overall Consciousness Awareness，The ultimate goal of the development and improvement of the entire natural system "big self"。People advocated by Indian culture in American Indian Culture Coexist and Coexist、Harmony and reciprocal ecological ethics，Follow -up with deep ecology，It also provides new practical paths for humans to solve environmental problems and ecological crises。The literary creation of American writers is deeply affected by the Indian traditional ecological concept，Promote a deep ecological survival mode，Criticizing the thinking mode of the opposition between humans and nature，Explore the way to develop coexistence between people and natural things。This article revolves around the two basic concepts of "Ecological Centerism Equality Equality" and "ecological self -realization" in deep ecology，Based on American writer Lesley Silko、Analysis of the bet365 best casino games representative works of Linda Huo Gen，Discussion of the Indian people's solution to ecological contradictions，and the persistence of self -identity，It shows the ecological wisdom of Indians，Highlight the practical significance of deep ecological ideas in the present，Call for humans to further establish the ecological consciousness of the ecological community。

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The founder of Deep Ecology Nas believes that "Every species in the ecosystem has the right to survive and develop"，"The development of the entire earth depends on the interconnection and cooperation between all life forms"，This point shows one of the ultimate goals of deep ecology: equality of biological centerism，It is also an important part of Nas's "Ecological Wisdom T"。Its goal is to deconstruct the binary opposition between human beings and nature，​​Construct an equal sharing、Harmonious and mutually concept of ecological overall view。American Indians adhere to the philosophy of life of life in time and space in the universe，That is the overall view of the Indian universe。The ecological philosophy of the Indians is based on the respect of the earth and the identity of all the spirituality，Gives equal care to people and everything, and is committed to building an equal and reciprocal life community。American Indian writers in their literary creation Write the survival story of the Indians，presents Indians and Land、Ecological wisdom between animals and traditions。

Indian Create mythology and spiritual tradition，Reflected the equal relationship between humans and animals。In the Indian traditional myths and legends，Animals play the tribe ancestors、Cosmic Create、The role of human guardians and helpers and clan cultural heroes。Silkko's opening in the novel "Dian Yi"，I wrote a "Creation Poem"，Written in the poem "Thinking Woman，Spider Woman/Naming All things/When she medals/everything is generated "。The spider grandmother in the poem represents the thoughts and wisdom of animals。Hogan also tells the story of beaver creation in the novel "Sun Storm"，"Beaver created humans，and agreed to help each other with humans。Beaver provides fish for humans、Water Bird and Animals。Human beings are responsible for protecting this world accordingly，Learn to communicate with God and everything Bet365 lotto review "。In the simple ecological wisdom of the Indians，Animals are human mentors，It is "non -human"。Under the help and guidance of animals，People learn to distinguish the direction、Explore water source、Prediction of weather and resistance to disaster survival skills。Therefore, in the tribal hunting activity，Indians will restrain their own hunting behavior，Number of limited hunting，To protect the virtuous cycle of the ecology。At the same time, the tribe will also express the "animal obey of destiny，Dedication of yourself "is grateful，Hunting activities enable the Indians and animals to form an ecological overall view of the integration。other，The pan -spirit thought of Indian culture believes that natural things have vitality and spirituality，All of them are human relatives，Is the common creator of the environment，It is a necessary composition of an orderly and balanced survival as a whole。Indians' gratitude and awe of animals，It is also reflected in the cultural phenomenon of totem worship unique to the tribe。Worship through totem，Indians affirmed the relationship between people and everything，These all reflect the thoughts of the Indians "Ecological Centerism Equality"。

Indians' regional landscape consciousness，Ecological ethics that reflects the interdependence of people and the earth。Indians call the land as the creation of the "Holy Land" and "Mother of the Earth"，The dedication and patriarchy of the land are full of gratitude，and form a "mutual" two -way dependency relationship with the land。One aspect，Human beings depend on land to obtain all survival resources; on the other hand，Human beings shoulders the sense of responsibility and protection of land，You need to use the revival world to ensure the richness of the land，Maintain the continuous vitality of the land。American Indian writer Oltz's indigenous cultural philosophy explained the dialectical relationship between people and land: "There is no life without land，There is no social and cultural concept of human responsibility，Then there is no land that maintains life "。American Indian commentator Boala Gan Allen also said: "People are also land，This is the essence of Indian culture for thousands of years，Land is the source of human beings，Humans are the meaning of land existence。"" for the Indians，Land is not only the source Bet365 lotto review of life、Mother of all things，It also carries huge mental influence and magical healing ability。Indian oral telling stories are mostly based on "region"，Regional landscape has important significance for the Indians，It covers land、Sky, as well as things that humans and all include in regional landscapes。The protagonist tower in "Dian Yi" has been raised from a young age to grow up，When riding with a horses and shepherds，舅 舅 told Tayou, "We come here (seemingly ordinary canyon、Mountain Spring and Land) "。Description in "Sun Storm"，"The logging workers in Norway and Sweden cut the forest; Canadians and Americans are eager to obtain water power; French hunters fishing beaver and fox，until they disappear "。The lack of regional consciousness caused Indian land to lose the original spiritual life，further impacted the traditional culture and spiritual belief of the Indian tribe。Just as the representative of Deep Ecology Li Opod's "Land Ethics" mentioned in the book "The Year of the Sand Township": "The existence of the earth with spiritual support for human beings，The two are the mode of coexistence of symbiosis。"The deep meaning of the land to the Indians，Not only is it reflected in the basis of providing material survival for people，​​It even shaped the culture of American Indians，Record the tribal tradition and history，The spiritual belief of forming a clan，Determined the identity and existence of tribal members。

　Ecological self: Indians' landscape identity and tradition of Dianyi

Self -implementation is another ultimate goal of deep ecology。Nas divided the self -mature development stage into my own、Ecological self of social self and highest stage，Desire to distinguish between western cognitive theory (ego)、Understanding of rational self (self) and moral self (superego)。Western self -representative narrow "ego" consciousness，Emphasize the realization of individual desires，and deep ecological "ecological self" is the "big self" with dual consciousness of systematic and ecological dual consciousness，It advocates animals and plants in humans and ecosystems、Mountains and rivers、The tight fusion of the river and land。Nas believes that human beings' identity of nature，helps to build an equal dependence relationship of ecological community，helps to restrict human self and society, my desire，bet365 Play online games Let yourself become a part of nature，Therefore, the society is sublimated to ecological self，Complete the implementation of ecological self。The protagonist of the American writer's writer's pen generally experienced the destruction of the living environment，separation from tribal land，Loss of tribal memory，alienation of the ethnic group and self -loss。They are healing the physical and mental trauma of individuals and groups，In the process of pursuing self -identity，Through reconstruction of intimate relationship with nature，"Small I" expand to "Big I"，This realizes the return of "ecological self"。

The Indians' Dianfu helps the overall harmony and unity of the overall harmony between human beings and natural things，Ecological self。In the traditional Indian society，Dian Yi not only in farming、Social Activity、Cultural communication has an important position，It also assumes the special effect of treating injuries。In Indian traditional culture，Destruction of the harmonious relationship between yourself and the universe will cause the occurrence of personal diseases。According to the overall view of the Indian universe，The harmonious imbalance of all things in the entire universe originated from the rupture of mutual dependence and harmonious unified relationship between nature，and eventually cause human beings to suffer the physical and mental suffering。Indian traditions can cure personal diseases and trauma，Help human reconstruction and connection with everything。The Indians have re -entered the harmony and unity of the universe in the creation legends through the classics，Anti -Agrowth of people and nature，Guide humans to re -establish a harmonious and sustainable ecological relationship with natural things。The overall view of the Indian Universe represented by the Dianfu fits the overall view of the deep ecology。Novel "Dian Yi"，The mental trauma of the war and the sense of alienation of tribal culture，Make the protagonist pagoda particularly in the quagmire of pain and despair。Indian Pharmacist told Tatu，His trauma is the "more magnificent overall trauma，It can only be achieved through some kind of grand and tolerant everything "，That is, to establish a connection with nature through the Dianzi to get cure。Finally, the tribal pharmacist held a recovery ceremony for Tadu，The traditional sand painting ceremony helped bet365 live casino games him restore the mountain and river、Plants、Rock、Emotion of Natural Things such as animals，Determined the direction of life，Open the road to recovery of self -realization，Rebuilding the harmony of all things、Equality and mutual dependence、The overall view of the Indian Universe with coexistence。

Renewal of local landscape，Let the Indians find their identity and belong to，Ecological self。In Indian culture，Local landscape is the power of life，While showing the terrain and landforms, it also records the history of the tribe，Print culture and customs。The stories of orally spreading in India are rooted in the culture and history of tribal land，Contact between people and gods、Contact between people and gods。Traditional Indians based on the experience of life for life，and the experience of the birthplace of tribal culture gradually forms an identity of local landscape，and gradually establish self -understanding，Cognition of the relationship between self and land，Then form a sense of local and belonging。Novel "Sun Storm" Loreta、Hannah、Angela's grandchildren and grandchildren have the trauma of individuals and groups。The protagonist of the novel, Angela, was abused by a biological mother who suffered from mental illness，I have been fostered in different white families since childhood，I have experienced the alienation of the land and culture of the hometown，and suffer the trauma that is lacking in the dual consciousness of family and home。So she decided to go to "Shuangcheng" to find her mother Hannah with healing her inner trauma，On this journey，"Living Map" Indian great -grandmother Dotraja with the place where the memory is in his memory，With its own rich cognition of national local culture and historical allusions，Road to lead everyone。The sleeping national memory in Angela's heart is gradually awakening in the re -understanding of Indian culture。The explanation of Angela's dream in the dream of Angela's dream reveals that she pays attention to the animals and plants in the wilderness，Performance of the relationship between people and natural things will be interdependent。Memory of local landscapes，Angela healed the inner pain，Integrate its individual into the whole of the natural world，The inner "ego" consciousness is gradually replaced by the feelings of "big ego"bet365 best casino games ，Ecological self，Re -found the belonging of the identity in nature。

Contemporary American writers mainly tell the theme of "Home" tells the Indians who leave their homeland and traditional，After experiencing alienation and despair, I finally returned home to seek a vivid story of identity belonging，At the same time, it also provides a brand new ecological observation perspective，Guide people to get along in harmony with nature，Equipment of ecological centerism replaces human centerism，Abandoning the selfish desire of "Little Person"，Integrate self -integrated "big self"，Reconstruction of ecological self，Human beings can truly have homeland and return to home。

　(This article is the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project "Contemporary American Writers Literature Return to the Home Paradigm" (18yjc752003)、Fujian Provincial Education Department of Education and Teachers Education and Research Project "Linda Hoggen Novel Ecological Theme Study" (JAS180859) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Department of Foreign Languages, Foreign Languages ​​of Xiehe College of Fujian Normal University)