September 28, 2020，The Political Bureau Bet365 lotto review CPC Central Committee held the 23rd collective study session on the latest archaeological discoveries in my country and their significance，General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech。Just like the President Bet365 lotto review Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、What Party Secretary Xie Fuzhan said，General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech pointed out the way forward for the development of China’s archaeology in the new era，To better understand Chinese civilization、Strong cultural confidence provides important guidelines。

　2020，Learn and interpret party Bet365 lotto review、Bet365 lotto review of New China、Bet365 lotto review of Reform and Opening Up、The Bet365 lotto review of socialist development is called a hot spot，Historical nihilism has been basically contained，Advocating research on social forms、The achievements of consciously constructing contemporary Chinese historical hermeneutics are eye-catching，The combined research of archeology and handed down documents is further strengthened，Origins of Civilization and Nations、Bet365 lotto review of political system、Government of ancient countries、Construction of the “Three Major Systems” of Bet365 lotto review、Historical database construction、Global Bet365 lotto review research constitutes the focus。Details，Rongdang will be introduced separately。

　　Research on Ancient Chinese Bet365 lotto review

　　___________

　　Pre-Qin Bet365 lotto review.my country’s splendid civilization of more than five thousand years，Pregnancy、Based on the pre-Qin period。2020，Historical circles have deepened the historical development path from the Neolithic Age to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty、How countries are created、Understanding of civilizational characteristics and other issues。

　　(1) Research on the origins of civilizations and countries continues to increase.In recent years，More and more archaeological discoveries provide reliable evidence for the origin of ancient Chinese civilization and country。Li XinweiProposed，In prehistoric China, various regions developed simultaneously by leaps and bounds around 6000-5300 years ago，An "ancient country" formed like a "sky full of stars"。more than 5,000 years ago，Chinese civilization has been formed。Liu QingzhuThink，The concepts of "neutralization" and "neutralization" are the genes of Chinese Bet365 lotto review and culture，It is also the root and soul of Chinese culture；Chen ShengqianPoint out，As early as prehistoric times，hardworking and hardworking、Tolerance、Peace、Holistic thinking、Being gregarious has become the cultural gene Bet365 lotto review Chinese people。Dai XiangmingThink，Early embryonic countries that were born one after another in East Asia around four to five thousand years ago，Different from the early small city-states in other parts Bet365 lotto review world，It showed oriental characteristics in the country’s origin stage。Sun BoThink，During the Longshan Culture period in my country, society had become divided Bet365 lotto review sense of political power，And there may have been considerable concentration of political power。

　Li YujieProposed，In the process Bet365 lotto review formation of early countries in the Central Plains and surrounding areas，Religious factors are gradually fading。Western Zhou Dynasty，The functions of wizards are gradually integrated into the national sacrificial system and the court ritual and music system。He NuThink，Liangzhu culture was overly dependent on divine power、“Extreme democratization” and excessive consumption of natural resources，Finally overwhelmed by the disasters caused by the ecological crisis。

Is the legend Bet365 lotto review "Five Emperors" true?Shen ChangyunProposed that the existence Bet365 lotto review Five Emperors era is an objective fact.Jiang LinchangThink，The Five Emperors era is roughly equivalent to the Longshan era in archeology，The stage of social development should belong to the chiefdom stage；Chinese civilization originated from multiple points at the same time in the Five Emperors era、Multiple parallel development，By the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it transformed into a pluralistic integrated pattern with the Central Plains culture as the core。With the support of archaeological materials，More and more scholars tend to affirm the authenticity Bet365 lotto review Five Emperors and the Five Emperors era。

What were the forms and impacts of communication in early civilizations?Han JianyeProposed，At the end Bet365 lotto review 2nd millennium BC, between the early and late Longshan era，Two large-scale cultural changes occurred，This should be the consequence of fierce war between tribes。Neolithic Age，War and civilization cause and effect each other、Mutual promotion。Yuan JingDiscovered by others，Liangzhu culture lacks communication and competition with other cultures，There is no pressure and motivation to promote the development of productivity。Dai XiangmingProposed，Starting from the late Neolithic Age in the 4th millennium BC，China’s core cultural areas have successively begun the process of social complexity or civilization，Until the emergence of early states。Afterwards，Chinese civilization has always shown strong vitality and cohesion，Become rare in the world、One Bet365 lotto review civilization systems that connects ancient and modern times。Xu YihuaThink，The ancient Chinese used the religion and nationalization of ancestor gods，Realized the integration of clan and country。Politics Bet365 lotto review Pre-Qin Period、Society shows a distinct blood color。

Erlitou culture has always been valued by academic circles。About its connotation，Xu HongProposed，The remains of rituals are an observation Bet365 lotto review changes in rituals in Erlitou City、An important perspective on population structure and social conditions。Wang QingOthers think，The Xia people inherited important cultural and artistic traditions from prehistory，The animal-faced image Bet365 lotto review Erlitou Culture period should be the direct source Bet365 lotto review “Taotie pattern” Bet365 lotto review Shang and Zhou dynasties。Above discussion，Provides new evidence for understanding the profit and loss relationship of three generations of rituals and music recorded in handed down documents。

The Shimao ruins are known for their grand scale and unique appearance，Arousing strong attention from the academic community。December 2020，The American Archaeological Society selects the top ten archaeological discoveries Bet365 lotto review world Bet365 lotto review past 10 years，Shimao ruins are on the list。Shen ChangyunProposed，Shimao Ancient City is the residence Bet365 lotto review Yellow Emperor。Many scholars raised objections to this in 2020。Meng QingxuIt is believed that the "Shimao tribe" may be related to Emperor Shun,Chen MinzhenIt is believed that the ethnic origin of Shimao Culture is still difficult to determine,Sun ZhouyongIt is believed that the Shimao Culture spans the late Longshan Period and the early Xia Dynasty，Is a typical representative of archaeological culture Bet365 lotto review northern region，Working with other cultures to promote the origin and development of China’s early states。

　　(2) The reconstruction and re-understanding of the Bet365 lotto review of the Western Zhou Dynasty are deepening.Reunderstanding the Western Zhou Dynasty based on Tsinghua bamboo slips，Become a bright spot。For example, about the identity Bet365 lotto review King of Zhou in "The Life-Taking" chapter，There are two opinions: King Mu and King Xiao。November 2020，"Publishing of "Warring States Period Bamboo Slips from Tsinghua University Collection"，Includes five kinds of eight chapters from the bamboo slips "Four Announcements", "Four Seasons", "Si Sui", "Xingzhi" and "Disease Prescriptions"，all unprecedented。

The bronze inscription materials also play a great role in the study of Western Zhou Bet365 lotto review.Chao FulinProposed，The theme Bet365 lotto review image of King Wen in the inscriptions on the historical wall is that he received the destiny and the ancestors Bet365 lotto review Zhou people，The theme Bet365 lotto review image of King Wu is mighty and strong。Whether the concept of destiny that was prevalent in the Western Zhou Dynasty completely declined after entering the Eastern Zhou Dynasty？Luo XinhuiProposed，The impermanence of destiny advocated by traditional destiny theory、The political consciousness of virtue and supplementation continued to spread Bet365 lotto review Spring and Autumn Period。Based on the three Babo bronze guis unearthed in Yicheng, Shanxi，Feng ShiBelieve that the overlord uncle is not only responsible for managing salt for the Western Zhou royal family，And also has the mission of guarding the safety Bet365 lotto review salt pond。About Zhou Dynasty’s management of Eastern Land，Chen JieStart with the analysis of Fan and Fanyang recorded in bronze inscriptions，Point out that the Wenshui River Basin was an important transportation area for the Central Plains Dynasty’s eastward expansion。About the enfeoffment system and Zeng Guo、Wu Guo、Bet365 lotto review of Yue State，Xu ShaohuaProposed，The inscriptions on Marquis Zeng and Zhong are based on the situation since the late Western Zhou Dynasty, especially the Spring and Autumn Period，To describe the situation when Marquis Zeng was granted the title and established the country，Beautify、Praise the merits of his ancestors。Xu LianggaoProposed，There was a unique regional archaeological culture Bet365 lotto review southeastern region during the Western Zhou Dynasty，And Wu Bet365 lotto review Eastern Zhou Dynasty、Vietnam has close cultural relations。

　　(3) Theoretical discussions centered on reflection on basic concepts have received attention。The theory surrounding the origin of countries and civilizations surrounding Su Bingqi，The discussion was quite lively。Li XinweiProposed，More and more archaeological evidence shows，The so-called "strange circle" of "grand unification" cognitive style is inconsistent with historical facts；The three forms Bet365 lotto review origin of civilization proposed by Su Bingqi，Needs refinement and addition。Yi JianpingProposed，Su Bingqi’s unclear definition of core concepts such as “ancient culture”, “ancient city” and “ancient country”，A theory Bet365 lotto review origin Bet365 lotto review country and civilization that is more in line with China’s actual conditions and has a strong voice and influence in the international academic community should be launched。

Relative to foreign countries，The relationship between Chinese archeology and historical research is obviously closer。Chen Xingcan, Chen ChunOthers think，The past 100 years, especially the past 70 years，Chinese archeology is reconstructing Chinese prehistory and pre-Qin Bet365 lotto review、It has been proved that China has played an irreplaceable and important role in many aspects such as the continuous Bet365 lotto review of civilization for more than 5,000 years；Chinese scholars should make our country’s civilization exploration achievements reach the international level。

　　___________

　Medieval Bet365 lotto review.Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties (221-907 BC) lasted more than 1100 years，The unification lasted for more than 770 years。Liu Tongfeng、The tradition of unity as one family from all over the world is integrated into the blood Bet365 lotto review Chinese nation，The imperial court in the feudal era、County、Land、Taxes、Imperial Examination、Supervision、Military and other systems were established and consolidated，Chinese civilization has shifted from the civilization of etiquette and music to the civilization of etiquette and law。

　　(1) New results have been achieved in the research on institutional Bet365 lotto review and national governance.Research on medieval institutional Bet365 lotto review continues to break through the model of static institutional Bet365 lotto review，The understanding of the ancient land system becomes more detailed and in-depth。Zang Zhifei, Zhou Guolin, Geng Yuanli, Sun Zhengjun, Du Wenyuet al. deeply discussed issues closely related to the changes in the land system from the Warring States Period to the Sui and Tang Dynasties，Or from the establishment and improvement Bet365 lotto review household registration system，The nature and content Bet365 lotto review land system，The center of gravity Bet365 lotto review economic system、Summary Bet365 lotto review experience and shortcomings Bet365 lotto review Qin and Han economic systems in the application of unified national governance in terms of functions and limitations；Or focus on Emperor Wu Bet365 lotto review Han Dynasty’s careful design Bet365 lotto review rank sequence and the official system、The neat and orderly tendency reflected in the etiquette reform，Revealing the "Han system" that Emperor Wu Bet365 lotto review Han Dynasty wanted to set an example for future generations；Or through the selection and appointment of officials from the Tang, Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and Song、Examination Supervision、Systematic research on various audit and inspection systems，Discover the characteristics Bet365 lotto review times and practical gains and losses of major systems。Yan Yaozhong, Zhu Xuliang, Li Junand others about the reforms during the Taihe period of Emperor Xiaowen、Research on "Feng Chan" during the Zhenguan Period of Emperor Taizong Bet365 lotto review Tang Dynasty，Also impressive。

　　(2) Use new materials to expand new dimensions.In recent years，Excavation of archaeological remains from the medieval period、Slips、Stele Inscription、The results of compilation and interpretation of epitaphs and other epitaphs are constantly being published，Expanded the dimensions of investigation。Shen GangUsing Eastern Han Dynasty inscriptions，Propose writing by ancestors of Eastern Han Dynasty families，The writing Bet365 lotto review distant ancestor is virtual，The writings written by recent ancestors may not be true，The ancestors in the service are writing according to the facts，The rise of wealthy families and the prosperity of Confucianism are the social foundation of ancestor writing in the Eastern Han Dynasty inscriptions。Rong XinjiangInvestigated the burial and use of epitaphs by the Hu people who entered China from the Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty，Proposed that Hu people used traditional Chinese methods to write epitaphs，Generally, it was originally written by Han people，Later, some epitaphs of Hu leaders were written in both Hu and Han languages。Yang ZhenhongProposed，"Conongren" mostly belong to the aristocratic class Bet365 lotto review Six Kingdoms who are engaged in anti-Qin activities，But there are also knights without knighthood、Common people。This research provides new methods and examples for studying the changes in the Qin and Han dynasties。

　　(3) Research on social nature becomes more detailed. Li ZhianProposed，In recent years, "enriching the people's society", "agricultural and commercial society" and "imperial agricultural and commercial society"，Administration of taxes and levies for the people、Exploring North-South Integration and Other Explorations，Taking the best of both "Five Golden Flowers" and "Diversity Evidence"，It is a good attempt to “integrate ancient Bet365 lotto review” and interpret it from multiple dimensions。Li HuStart with an analysis of power and population control，Believe that ancient China has experienced a "gathering without kings" society、"The society of royal power and common people"、"Imperial Power, Officials and People" Society。Xu YihuaDivides ancient China into clan society、Aristocratic Society、A wealthy society、clan society。Xue HaiboProposed，The rigidity Bet365 lotto review military town system and the corruption of town generals triggered riots in six towns，Becomes a turning point in the split Bet365 lotto review Northern Wei Dynasty；Eastern Wei and Northern Qi、The ruling group Bet365 lotto review Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties carried forward the reform spirit of Emperor Xiaowen，Created key systems such as the government army system，Greed the Guanlong Group，Promoted the historical process of integration and unification Bet365 lotto review ancient Chinese nations。

　　(4) Certain achievements have been achieved Bet365 lotto review exploration of new paths。Wei Bin、Sun Zhengjun、Qiu Luming、Nagata Takuji、Hu Hong、Wu Chenghanand others started a discussion under the title "The Possibility of Redrawing Medieval Bet365 lotto review"，To enlighten new questions、New field。Hou XudongProposed，Promotion of research on commonly used Chinese words，See people by words，Viewing Bet365 lotto review from Ci，It is expected to become a possible approach to historical research。Sun YinggangExamine the influence Bet365 lotto review introduction of Buddhism，believes that the reconstruction of knowledge and belief systems also had a profound impact on the political theory and practice Bet365 lotto review time。Zhang GuogangSummary Bet365 lotto review purpose and characteristics of compiling important historical works in the Tang and Song Dynasties，Elucidates the significance of historiography for state governance。Chen HuaiyuProposed，China’s medieval society was multilingual、Multi-ethnic and multi-religious characteristics，Can be compared with Byzantium、Comparative study of Arabia and other medieval societies。

　　(5) New expansion of research on the Silk Road and the integration of civilizations.Medieval period，Exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations Bet365 lotto review world have been expanded。Shang YongqiProposed，The Western Han Dynasty’s perfect construction Bet365 lotto review national horse resource pedigree，Improved mobility capabilities for territory management，Established the core cultural cohesion Bet365 lotto review "Han" country。Chen Yexuan, Hu XiaodanWith the title of "Research on Silk Road Culture"，Respected from the epitaph、Palace porcelain found in shipwreck、Oriental cultural factors in the ancient Persian manuscripts of Turpan documents，Discussed the geographical picture and East-West politics Bet365 lotto review Silk Road development、Economy、The influence and integration of culture and other aspects，Much of this information has not been seen in ancient documents。

　　_______________

　　Bet365 lotto review of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.As the second half of China’s feudal society，Research progress was made Bet365 lotto review Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties，Rich achievements。

　　(1) Research on institutional Bet365 lotto review has received considerable attention. Cao JiaqiStart with the use of "patch" in Shangshu Province in the Southern Song Dynasty，Discussed the institutional setup and power division Bet365 lotto review "three provinces"，Revealing the essence of "three provinces into one" in the central administrative system Bet365 lotto review Southern Song Dynasty。Miao Runbopointed out that "Bet365 lotto review of Liao·Yingweizhi·Xingying" is a piece of second-hand material，Does not reflect the actual status of the nabao system in the Liao Dynasty。Li XiaoboExamining the changes Bet365 lotto review civil service recommendation system Bet365 lotto review late Ming Dynasty，Proposed that institutional factors are an important reason why science and technology officials become powerful and interfere with normal administrative operations。Liu FengyunProposed，The establishment Bet365 lotto review Yongzheng Dynasty's return to the public and the establishment Bet365 lotto review honest silver system，It is a structural reform within the national system to "correct the system"，But it cannot solve the problem of insufficient local funds。Many scholars have examined the changes in the system，Discuss the political changes behind it。Han GuanqunInspected the operation of military and political documents，Proposed that the first 20 years of Xiaozong’s reign Bet365 lotto review Southern Song Dynasty were arbitrary by the monarch，And the later 7 years，Central politics has returned to the pattern of co-governance by monarchs and ministers。Li ZhianDiscussed the civil administration system from Yuan to Ming Dynasty，Believe that the Yuan Dynasty was characterized by inclusiveness，"Assigning households to serve as errands" Bet365 lotto review Ming Dynasty，No distinction between north and south，Uniform implementation，Proposed that the combination of unified backbone and compatibility with diversity is the ideal model for government administration by the people。Liu XiangxueInspected the selection system of supervisory censors in the Ming Dynasty，Believe that the participation of supervisory censors in political disputes was a sign Bet365 lotto review increasing corruption of Ming Dynasty politics、Important reasons for decline。

　　(2) Research on national governance is advancing steadily.The concept of grassroots and border governance、The model has received widespread attention。Macroscopic thinking on borderland governance has received attention。Li DalongProposed，The discourse system of China’s territory formation and development should be constructed from the perspective of a traditional dynastic state to a sovereign state。Jia YiProposed，The interaction between multiple ethnic groups and the reference and absorption of governance methods under the concept and pattern of "grand unification"，It is the continuous development and consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country in Chinese Bet365 lotto review、An important driving force for the continuous improvement of the governance system。Wang XiaopengProposed，The "internal-Xinjiang-external" governance model implemented Bet365 lotto review Qing Dynasty has long maintained the unity and stability within China's "Tianxia System"，Basically laid the foundation for modern China’s territory。Many papers focus on the administration and governance of officials in prefectures, counties, etc.，Trying to better explain the traditional grassroots governance model from a functional level。Gong Yanming, Bai HuaOr discuss the changes Bet365 lotto review functions of state and county officials, the lowest level of civil servants Bet365 lotto review Song Dynasty，Or discuss the policy priorities of local officials Bet365 lotto review Ming and Qing Dynasties，Believe that bureaucracy will lead to ignoring the fundamentals of social governance。Gao ShouxianProposed，The essence of "the imperial power does not extend to the county" is that "the power does not extend to the county"，“Officials should not be sent to counties” is just a premise。

　　(3) Monetary Bet365 lotto review and fiscal Bet365 lotto review have become hot topics.The understanding of Chinese currency since the Ming and Qing Dynasties has continued to deepen，How silver evolves and functions attracts attention。In a written discussion entitled "The Evolution of Silver in Research on Chinese Economic Bet365 lotto review"，Wan Ming、Chen Feng、Peng Kaixiang、Yan Hongzhong、Mio Kishimoto、Kuroda Akinobu、Qiu Yongzhi、Zhang GuokunWaiting for the use of silver from the Ming Dynasty to modern times、Currency system changes, etc. were discussed。Wang WenchengProposed，From Jiaozi Bet365 lotto review Northern Song Dynasty to Baochao Bet365 lotto review Yuan Dynasty，The value basis of banknotes has completed the conversion from iron coins to silver coins。Dong Shenglan, Fan JinminStart from the "gradually pricing in foreign money" in private goods transactions Bet365 lotto review Ming and Qing Dynasties，Study the phenomenon of silver and precious metals being imported into the Chinese market Bet365 lotto review Ming Dynasty，Think of it on China’s currency structure、Financial system and even fiscal economy、It has an impact on social life。

　　(4) Research on disease Bet365 lotto review and medical Bet365 lotto review continues to be popular. Huo BinExamined ancient diet and the occurrence of diseases，Believe that the overeating of wild animals is behind witchcraft thinking。Lin Haimei, Min XiangpengThink，Traditional Chinese dietary taboos，Not only a summary Bet365 lotto review experience of our ancestors in health care，It also plays an objective role in preventing epidemics。Han YiThrough the study Bet365 lotto review characteristics of plague prevention and control in the Song Dynasty，Proposed that the Song Dynasty recognized that medical knowledge is the foundation and key to preventing and treating epidemics。Liu GuihaiRecharge from officials、Aspects such as functional practice present the actual operation of county medicine Bet365 lotto review Qing Dynasty and the complexity of local medical care。Yu XinzhongThinks that although China has accumulated rich experience in epidemic response Bet365 lotto review past dynasties that deserves attention，But no systematic understanding has been formed。

　　(5) New trends in Jiangnan research.Tang and Song Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties，Jiangnan is in an important position，Therefore, the research interest in Jiangnan has not diminished。A group of special studies on "Social Studies of Jiangnan Bet365 lotto review Ming and Qing Dynasties"，CollectedQian Shengand other scholars’ research results.Pan Weifeng, Wang WeipingVisiting Yixing Xu’s Yizhuang，Proposed that the clan righteousness in the Jiangnan area of ​​the Ming Dynasty had many new characteristics Bet365 lotto review times。Chen Baoliangcentered on Shaoxing，Proposed that Wu culture and Yue culture maintain the cultural convergence of Jiangnan，There are also differences。Xiong YuezhiReveals the process and reasons why the cultural center of Jiangnan Bet365 lotto review Ming and Qing Dynasties was moved from Suzhou to Shanghai in modern times。Chen Ping, Feng Xianliang, Xia Mingfang, Zou ZhenhuanOthers reflected on and discussed Jiangnan studies，Maybe we think the concern for the political Bet365 lotto review of Jiangnan should still be emphasized，Maybe it should be based on the perspective of ecological Bet365 lotto review of the interaction between humans and nature，Place Jiangnan in a broader space-time network or a nested "mountain and sea ecosystem"，It may be suggested that the Bet365 lotto review of Jiangnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also of great significance to the study of global Bet365 lotto review，It’s communication、A good example of integrating the study of Chinese Bet365 lotto review and global Bet365 lotto review。

　　Research on Chinese modern Bet365 lotto review and national Bet365 lotto review

In the field of modern Chinese Bet365 lotto review research，Bet365 lotto review of historical theory、Institutional Bet365 lotto review、Remarkable achievements in economic Bet365 lotto review and other areas。Compilation of Anti-Japanese War Materials、Publication of monograph attracts attention。New people emerge in large numbers in the study of the Bet365 lotto review of New China，Various topics，Delicate discussion，The relationship with the Bet365 lotto review of the Communist Party of China becomes increasingly clear。Contemporary Social Bet365 lotto review、Economic Bet365 lotto review、The research results on the Bet365 lotto review of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea are particularly outstanding。

　Promote the construction Bet365 lotto review “three major systems”.Promote the construction of “three major systems” through the review and sorting out of academic Bet365 lotto review，Becoming a prominent feature of theoretical Bet365 lotto review research。Research on the Bet365 lotto review of Chinese Marxist historiography has been strengthened。A publication organized a written discussion specifically on the issues of Chinese Marxist historiography。Song YuehongProposed，The formulation of “Sinicization of Marxist historiography” is inappropriate。Some scholars proposed，The semi-colonial and semi-feudal theory breaks through the theory of feudal residual superiority advocated by Bukharin，It also broke through the capitalist dominance of Trotskyism or that is，It is an original theory。

　　Xue Yuqin, Liu ZhengweiProposed，Contemporary Chinese Discourse System，Historically related to the discourse transformation of modern China。Li YuminProposed，The first priority in the study of Sino-foreign treaty relations is to reveal the fundamental interests and development needs Bet365 lotto review country and the nation。The study of treaty relations must not only clear up and eliminate colonial discourse in this field，Expose the power politics and hegemonic logic of Western powers，We must also elucidate the common values ​​of human society。

　　Focus on national governance. Guan XiaohongAnalysis Bet365 lotto review changes in official selection standards from concepts to regulations after the Opium War。Kang WenlinInspected the number of civil servants before and after the New Deal、Dynamic trends in composition ratio and other aspects。Li Guangwei, Zhang ChengRespectively from the southwest、Northwestern Frontier Tax Collection、The struggle between generals and governors for power in Xinjiang, etc.，Inspected the state’s finance for border areas、Exploration of governance models such as power。Li YuProposed，Compared to the Beiyang Government，The Kuomintang has not changed the essence Bet365 lotto review politics of kidnapping by force，There is even the paradox Bet365 lotto review Yi Dynasty that "extraordinary corrections are beneficial"。

Research on the Taiping Rebellion breaks through the pattern of political and military Bet365 lotto review，Go deep into grassroots governance。Liu ChenProposed，Serious problems arose in the grassroots governance Bet365 lotto review Taiping Rebellion。Xu CunjianAnalyzed the formulation of imperial policies at different stages and the responses of governors of different provinces，further outlines the governor’s attitude toward central directives during the Taiping Rebellion。

　　The Bet365 lotto review of the Anti-Japanese War, the Bet365 lotto review of the Communist Party of China, and economic Bet365 lotto review have attracted much attention.2020 is the 75th anniversary Bet365 lotto review victory Bet365 lotto review Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the victory Bet365 lotto review World Anti-Fascist War。Zou ChengProposed，End of 1941，Adhering to the policy of guerrilla warfare has become the consensus Bet365 lotto review CCP。Zhang DemingProposed，After the victory Bet365 lotto review Anti-Japanese War，Although the CCP does not have the say to deal with the issues left over from Japan，However, Japanese war criminals and traitors were dealt with to the maximum extent。Gao ShihuaProposed，The Chinese people’s Anti-Japanese War is not only of great significance to the liberation Bet365 lotto review Chinese nation，And to save human civilization、Defending world peace is of extremely important significance，The great Anti-Japanese War belongs to China and the world。Zang YunhuProposed，In modern Japan, the emperor was the leader、The government and the military are the main bodies、The decision-making system and policy for the war of aggression against China with politics and strategy as the core，Proof of Japan’s invasion of China and foreign war，It is not just the responsibility Bet365 lotto review military and militarism，It is also the shared responsibility of Japan’s highest ruling group。

The research content of the Bet365 lotto review of the Communist Party of China has become increasingly detailed.Jin ChongjiProposed after verification，There are 12 representatives Bet365 lotto review Communist Party of China，15 people attended the meeting。Ying Xing, Rong SihengAnalysis Bet365 lotto review geographical factors that affected the Chinese Communist revolution and its organization from 1921 to 1945 from the perspective of historical geography，To the core area of ​​the Chinese Communist revolution and its organization、The sub-core area and edge area were identified。李玓Proposed，The CCP made a strong counterattack after the Wannan Incident，Prevented the second anti-communist upsurge。

New ideas emerge in economic Bet365 lotto review research，Especially monetary and financial Bet365 lotto review、Financial Bet365 lotto review research attracts attention。Zhou Jianbo, Zeng JiangThink，Competition between banks and bank accounts in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，Finally completely replace the ticket number，This is essentially the result of financial innovation，Is an important manifestation Bet365 lotto review modern transformation of finance。Zhong Weimin, Qiu YongzhiProposed，Two important divergences occurred in the evolution path Bet365 lotto review currency circulation systems of China and Japan from the 16th to the 19th centuries。Since the middle to late 16th century，China is “shifting its dominance downwards”；Japan is “shifting its dominance”。Second half Bet365 lotto review 19th century，China’s monetary sovereignty has suffered serious erosion；Japan has established national monetary sovereignty。Han XiangProposed，After the Sino-Japanese War，The rapid replacement and accelerated depreciation of small-amount currencies in Shanxi's urban and rural areas - private money - copper yuan - copper yuan coupons，The money crisis and inflation are complicatedly intertwined，Promote a large amount of original small hard currency in urban and rural areas to flow into the government financial sector，Become a fundraiser、An important source of revenue to maintain finances。

　　The construction of historical materials has been fruitful.In the field of Anti-Japanese War research，Published 100 volumes of "Military Data Collection of the Chinese Nation's Anti-Japanese War"。"Selected Archives of Japanese Imperialist Invasion of China" is divided into 20 topics，20 volumes。"Selected Archives of Japan's Investigation into China" has 50 volumes，It is the survey data of Japan South Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd. and its affiliated institutions in various parts of China from 1913 to 1943。Many materials in "Military Secret Files of Japan's War of Aggression against China·Supreme Decision" and "Integrated Files of China's Trial of War Criminals Against Japan" are publicly released for the first time。"The Record Series of the Great Migration of the Anti-Japanese War" comprehensively examines the Bet365 lotto review of migration during the Anti-Japanese War，Attractive。

The fourth volume of "Chinese Historical Documents Database Modern Newspaper Database" is online，100 new newspapers added，Including more than 30 kinds of red newspapers。The full-text search database of "Qing Shi Lu" and "Qing Huidian" is officially open to the public。"The Anti-Japanese War and Modern Sino-Japanese Relations Literature Data Platform" has collected tens of millions of original files，More than 70,000 books，More than 2000 publications，More than 1000 newspapers。The collection of overseas historical materials continues to strengthen。

　　World Bet365 lotto review Research

Since the reform and opening up，Accelerating development of world Bet365 lotto review research。2020，Discipline basic theoretical research and global Bet365 lotto review research, etc.，Particularly eye-catching。

　　Summary of previous achievements. Yan ShaoxiangSummary of the status of world Bet365 lotto review research over the past 70 years since the founding of New China，Believe that the study of ancient world Bet365 lotto review cannot lack the unique perspective of Chinese scholars，Don’t blindly pursue the so-called new theories and new methods of the West。He PingProposed，1950s-1970s，Chinese historians use the grand vision of human Bet365 lotto review，Preliminary arrangement of world Bet365 lotto review，Constructed the basic system of world Bet365 lotto review。After 2016，World Bet365 lotto review research is brewing new research paths and methods。

　　Construct a theoretical system of world Bet365 lotto review.The rational consciousness of building China’s world Bet365 lotto review research system is increasingly improved。Yu PeiProposed，The academic system of Chinese world Bet365 lotto review research is guided by historical materialism，Through original and critical research practice，Gradually forming a foothold in China、To the world、Theoretical framework focusing on human beings。The purpose is to use Chinese Marxist historical theory to understand the complicated human Bet365 lotto review，Scientific explanation of the general and special laws of world historical development，Get the enlightenment and wisdom of Bet365 lotto review，To grasp reality more clearly、Create the future。The "holistic view of world Bet365 lotto review" (holistic view of Bet365 lotto review) proposed by Wu Yuxi is the specific application and embodiment of the basic principles of Marxist historical materialism in the understanding of world Bet365 lotto review，The theoretical origin is Marx's "world Bet365 lotto review" theory。Marx laid the theoretical foundation for the "overall historical view"。The "holistic view of Bet365 lotto review" has a milestone and pioneering significance for the construction of the discipline of Chinese world Bet365 lotto review。

Bet365 lotto review past 20 years，Important changes have taken place in Western historical theory。Deng JingliProposed，Overall changes in Western historical theory，Breeding the construction of a new theoretical system。Some scholars have made a relatively in-depth analysis of different aspects of contemporary Western historical thought。

　　Global Bet365 lotto review research is in the ascendant.1990s，The compilation of global Bet365 lotto review based on a global historical perspective has entered a prosperous era。Since the 21st century，Global historical perspective has been widely spread in China。Yang Hua, Chen ZugenProposed，There are not many practical works on global Bet365 lotto review research in China，Quality needs to be improved。Zhang XupengProposed，Global Bet365 lotto review aims to transcend nation-state narratives，But the goal of global Bet365 lotto review is not to transcend or dissolve nation-states，But to reshape the understanding of the nation-state。Liu WenmingProposed，In cross-cultural interaction，When the West uses “Narrative Bet365 lotto review Other”，We should be wary Bet365 lotto review hegemony of discourse。Xu ShanweiProposed，There are flaws in Western scholars’ overemphasis on “cross-cultural interaction”，The outstanding problem is the contempt for the "inherent inheritance" of each civilization。Sun XiuProposed，Transnational Bet365 lotto review attempts to break through the unit of analysis of nation-state Bet365 lotto review，But they often unconsciously fall into the theoretical presupposition of using the modern nation-state as the unit of analysis，Therefore does not propose a new unit of analysis that can replace the writing of nation-state Bet365 lotto review。

　　Interdisciplinary research is valued.Later half Bet365 lotto review 20th century，The general trend of international relations research is to increasingly pursue the so-called "scientificization"。Wang Lixinanalyzed this，Proposed that the limitation of relevant research lies Bet365 lotto review adoption of reductionist thinking，Highly simplifying and abstracting the complex international political reality，Ignoring humanity。Liu DebinProposed，Discussion on tribal and ethnic issues in historians、Explanation of the relationship between empires and nation-states、Explanation of the evolution and mutual relationship between the East and the West，And re-understanding of Chinese Bet365 lotto review and world Bet365 lotto review，Can build a more open world for international relations、A knowledge system in an inclusive and global sense，Provide a broader knowledge background。Li JianmingProposed，The rise and development of political and cultural Bet365 lotto review research in the United States，It is the product of a comprehensive and profound academic innovation movement，But if only the concept of "political culture" is introduced，And lack of anthropology、Sociology、Psychology、Political Science、Supported by huge and rich academic resources in linguistics and other disciplines，No new social Bet365 lotto review、New Cultural Bet365 lotto review、Global Bet365 lotto review (transnational Bet365 lotto review) and even emotional Bet365 lotto review go hand in hand，The political and cultural Bet365 lotto review of the United States is probably just a rebranding of the traditional Bet365 lotto review of political thought。

　　Vigorously explore new areas.Second half of the 20th century，In the Bet365 lotto review of mentality、Promoted by psychological Bet365 lotto review, etc.，Psychological factors including emotions are valued by historians。80s，The sudden rise of emotional Bet365 lotto review。Zhao HanThe origin of the Bet365 lotto review of emotions、The development and theoretical construction are reviewed and commented，Think that the Bet365 lotto review of emotions makes emotions、Emotion、Mood and feelings become objects of observation and exploration，The advantage is gender、Body、Incomparable to branches of Bet365 lotto review such as environment and space。Lu QihongProposed，The Bet365 lotto review of emotions provides a new research model for the study of witchcraft in early modern times，Helps explain the origins and characteristics of witch-hunting in early modern times。

In maritime Bet365 lotto review、Conceptual Bet365 lotto review and research on the Bet365 lotto review of Asia, Africa and Latin America outside of Europe and the United States，All achieved remarkable results。However，The phenomenon of paying attention to big countries and ignoring many small and medium-sized countries still exists。

(Written by: Shi Xuebu)