Song Dynasty reading atmosphere is very popular，From the emperor's "Three Volumes of the Daily Reading" ("Renewal of the Renewal of Tongzhong" Volume 2, Twenty -four Taiping Xingguo November Eighth November Gengchen，Chinese Book Bureau School Point，Page 559，The following referred to as "Long Editor") to the villagers "recite the twilight strings"，("Jiajing Yanping House" Volume 1 "Customs"，Tianyi Pavilion Tibetan Ming Dynasty Fang Zhi selection book) The entire society shows a strong reading atmosphere。When people even said, "Life is music，Not as good as reading;，Nothing as a child。"" (Liu Qingzhi: "Ringzi Subsidies" Volume Six Family "Teaching Ziyu"，Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu，Volume 703，Pages 74) Reading atmosphere，It is unprecedented in Chinese history。The reason why the Song Dynasty could form such a atmosphere，On the one hand, it is promoted by specific social conditions，On the other hand, it is also the result of artificial efforts。

　　bet365 live casino games

The highest rulers of the early Song Dynasty actively advocated reading，Open a good head for the formation of a generation of atmosphere。Zhao Kuangyin brothers although they are born in troubled times，Born martial arts，But I love reading，And can recognize the important role of reading learning。When Rongma 倥偬，I have never forgotten to collect books and reading。History called Song Taizu's "independent appearance book，Although in the army，Can't release my hand，There are strange books on the earth，Not hesitant to buy it "，("Long editor" Volume Qigan, four years, May Jiayu，page 171) Presumably it must be wrong。Song Taizong fully realized the role Bet365 app download of books in the treatment of chaos，He said: "The root of the husband's education，Origin of Rhami，Gou Fei Book，Why do you take it? "(" Song Hui Wanting Manuscript "Chong Confucianism 41，Chinese Book Company Photo) Like Brother Nai，He can't let go of his hand，I used the 1,000 -volume encyclopedia "Taiping Royal Lan"，Read it a year。Song Taizu、Song Taizong as the same as examples，Also persuaded the ministers to read more。Shi Zhao Zhao Pu's "Young officials，Widow Academic，and as a phase，Taizu often persuaded to read。I ca n’t let it roll in my old age，Back to Private，Kimen Qi 箧 箧，Read the day "。("Song History" Volume 256 "Zhao Pu Zhuan"，Chinese Book Bureau School Point，Page 8940) Song Taizu not only persuaded Wenchen to read，Even for those generals，He also wants to "read the reading"，("Long editor" Volume Sanjianlong three years of February Renyin，p. 62) to improve their quality。Policy orientation of Chongwen in the Song Dynasty，undoubtedly stimulated people's reading enthusiasm。

In order to make people read a book，Song Taizu、Song Taizong also attaches great importance to book construction，Including Favorites、Set up、Edit and printing。When the founding of the Song Dynasty was founded，There are only more than 10,000 volumes of national book collection。Three years of Taiping Xingguo, Song Taizong (978)，has increased to more than 80,000 volumes。On the basis of collecting a certain number of books，The rulers of the early Song Dynasty organized a large number of Confucian Confucianists to conduct the classification of the handed down books，To improve the quality of the book，to make it better play。Any book survey，All the engraved version was issued immediately。At the same time，The ruler of the early Song Dynasty also actively encouraged cultural creation，Organize bet365 Play online games human resources、material resources to complete the compilation of some most head books。The early Song Dynasty became a peak period that the famous articles in Chinese history have emerged for nearly a century.。The efforts of the ruler of the early Song Dynasty，strongly driving the reading atmosphere in the society。

　Scientific and technological progress promotes reading

In ancient China, there were four world -famous inventions，Among them, printing、Papermaking is closely related to reading activities。Song Dynasty printing、The development and continuous improvement of papermaking，Especially the invention of living print printing，provides unprecedented material conditions for the prosperity of reading atmosphere。Song Chu printing book is still carved print，Due to the restrictions of technology and various inputs，folk printing books are not common，Handmade copy is still an important way for books to flip。Hong Mai said: "After the fifth generation of the country in the first generation of chaos，Book printing board at least。"" ("Rongzhai Essays" Wubi Volume Seven "National Junior Culture"，Chinese Book Bureau School Point，p. 908) For ordinary people，It is not easy to get books in the early Song Dynasty，This will inevitably restrict the development of reading atmosphere。After the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty,，Live printing invented by Bi Sheng has gradually been promoted，and the papermaking technology has also been greatly improved，Both their quality and production quantity have taken a new level，This makes a large number of books on the book possible。So，Various books are getting easier and easier to get。Two years of Jingde (1005)，Guozi Jiujiu Xing Ye once said to Shizong: "Chen Children's Confucianism，The apprentice can have one or two people with a sparse，Gai Chuan will not give it。Preparation for this board，Shi Ji family has everything，The Fortunately of the bet365 best casino games Confucian Confucianists。"" ("Long" Volume 60 Jingde, May 2nd year, Wuchen，page 1333) Hexing Nine years (1076)，Su Shi also said: "，When I said myself，For "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", not obtaining。Fortunately,，All handwriting，Farewell to，Farewell to。Nearly year -old，City people turn to look at the sons、Book of Benjia，Daily Paper Wan Paper。Scholar's Book，Many and prone to this。"(" Su Shi Wen Ji "Volume 1" Secretary of the Li Family Fang Tibetan "，Chinese Book Bureau School Point，pp. 359)

The development of the famous official family in the Song Dynasty，You can also explain this progress from one side。When the Han family starts, Han Yi reads books，It is still not easy to get books and paper。Han Yi's "Learning Books No Paper，There is a large stone in front of the door of the door，Just school words，Wash it at night "。"There are rare printed boards in the world，Most of them are handwritten texts "。Finally borrowed it，Copy recording immediately。and develop to its second generation of Han Yan and others、The third -generation Han Zongdao and others read books，"Printing Book Fote"。(Zhang Ye: "Scholarship of Shi Xue" Volume 2，Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu，Volume 875，Page 20。Some discussing "Han Yi" mistakenly "Han Qi"，should be corrected) Various books can be obtained by raising their hands。Except for the changes in the economic status of the Han family，The main reason is the improvement of technical conditions。Obviously，The huge improvement of technical conditions has enabled more social members to join the reading of reading，Promoting the prosperity of reading atmosphere。

　　Discipline Election Officer Stimulation Reading

The development of the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty is a powerful stimulus for social reading。The imperial examination system is a means to select officials from the Sui, Tang to the Ming and Qing Dynasties Bet365 lotto review in the history of Chinese history。It is not extensive during the Sui and Tang dynasties，and Ming and Qing dynasties because they entered the eight -strand mud pits，Can't take talents。Only the Song Dynasty was the golden period of the imperial examinations in history。And，The scope of the science of the science and science of the Song Dynasty expanded unprecedented，The gate almost faces the opening of all strata in the society。The Song people once said, "Today, one chose a scholar，Although the hometown of poor mountains and wild，Children Gou Youyou Literature，Banni name。"(" Jiading Chicheng Zhi "Volume 37" Xianju Ling Chen Mi Xuexiang persuaded Xue Wen "，Song and Yuan Fangzhi Series)、誊 Record method、A series of measures to prevent cheating，"Compared to previous lives，Most Dorizer "。("The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu" Volume 11 "On the way to take people Zhazi"，Chinese Book Bureau School Point，pp. 1716)

The development of the imperial examination system allows reading to study、Dengke Jishi has become a member of the society to improve its status、The main means to change destiny，Therefore, it has greatly stimulated people's enthusiasm for reading and studying，so that "Jiale and Children" appeared ("Customs", Volume 1 of "Jiajing Yanping House")、"Blame with his son and brother with his son and brother as a blame，For the maternal and wives, do not learn from their children and husbands "(" Rongzhai Essays "four volumes of" Raozhou Customs "，p. 683。

　　Education prosperity guarantee reading

The development of various school education in the Song Dynasty is a powerful guarantee for the prosperity of reading。When the Song Dynasty was established，Education is very depressed，The only state prisoner is not in teaching activities。Song Taizu's ascendant，"Si Zeng Zeng Temple Yu"，and "Car Driving Repeated Fortunately"，Guo Zijian "Gathering the Lecture Book" ("Long editor" Volume Sanjianlong June June，Bet365 lotto review p. 68)，Started teaching activities。For the original schools of the people，The rulers of the early Song Dynasty also supported and encouraged。Hualin Shuzhai, who runs by the Hu family in Nanchang，Song Taizong once gave "Royal Book"，Encourage。(Wang Yuli: "Little Animal Collection" Volume 19 "The Preface to the Hua Forest Book of Hongzhou Yimen Hu Family"，Four Series Series)

On the basis of the rulers of the Song Dynasty,，There are three large -scale Xingxue movements in the Northern Song Dynasty，That is, the "Qingli Xingxue" initiated by Fan Zhongyan during the Song Renzong period、In the Song Shenzong period, Wang Anshi initiated "Xining、Yuan Fengxing Xue "and" Chong Ning Xingxue "initiated by Cai Jing during the Song Huizong period，Therefore, the education of official office in the Song Dynasty was very developed。At the same time，The academy organized by Social Hiroshi and the clan righteousness of the clan organization，It can also be called prosperous。Even a remote small village，Also "Winter School"。Visible，Schools in the Song Dynasty are quite common。Yanping Mansion, which is "established alone in the world"，even reached "Five Step One，Ten steps and one 庠 "(" Customs "Volume 1" Customs ")。Such developed school education，Naturally, it has become a powerful guarantee for the long -lasting reading atmosphere of the Song Dynasty。

Chen Yinque once said: "The culture of Huaxia nation，Thousands of years of evolution，Create the world of Zhao Song。"" ("Second Edition of the Golden Museum Cong Draft"，Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1980 edition，Page 245) The social environment of the Song Dynasty has promoted the prosperity of reading atmosphere，The prosperity of reading atmosphere has promoted the prosperity of the culture of the Song Dynasty。Visible，The achievements of the cultural achievements of Zhao Song Dynasty，sincerity is not accidental。

Bet365 lotto review (This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Liaodong, Song Xixia Jinyuan National spectrum documentation and research" (19ZDA200) phased achievement)

(The author is a professor at the Songliao Gold History Research Institute and History of Northwest University、Former Vice President of the Chinese Song History Research Association)