The reading culture was very popular in the bet365 coupon code，From the emperor's "Three Volumes of Daily Reading" (Volume 24 of "Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian", November Gengchen in the eighth year of Taiping and Xingguo，Zhonghua Book Company proofreading edition，Page 559，hereinafter referred to as "Changbian") went to the village children to "recite the dusk string in the morning"，("Jiajing Yanping Prefecture Chronicles" Volume 1 "Customs"，Selected editions of Ming Dynasty local chronicles stored in Tianyi Pavilion) The whole society shows a strong reading atmosphere。People even said: "Life is the most blissful life，Nothing like reading；Most Important，Wuru Godson。" (Liu Qingzhi: "Jiezi Tonglu" Volume Liu Jiayi's "Jiaozi Yu"，Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Complete Books，Volume 703，Page 74) Such a reading atmosphere，Unprecedented in Chinese history。The reason why the bet365 coupon code was able to form such a trend，On the one hand, it is caused by specific social conditions，On the other hand, it is also the result of human efforts。

　　The ups and downs lead to bet365 coupon code

The supreme ruler in the early bet365 coupon code actively advocated reading，A good start for the formation of a generation's culture。Brother Zhao Kuangyin was born into troubled times，Born in the military，But I love reading，And be able to realize the important role of reading and learning。At the time when the army was in full swing，I never forget to collect books and read books。Historically known as Song Taizu's "Duxiguan Shu"，Although in the military，Can’t let go of the scroll，I heard there are strange books in the world，Spend a lot of money to buy it”，("Changbian" Volume 7, May 4, Qiande，Page 171) must be correct。Song Taizong fully realized the role of books in curing chaos and educating people，He said: "The foundation of husband's education，The cause of chaos，Gou Fei Books，How to take the method？”(《Song Hui Yao Collection》Chong Confucianism 4-16，Zhonghua Book Company photocopy) Like Brother Nai，He also can’t let go of the scroll，Zeng published the 1,000-volume encyclopedia "Taiping Yulan"，Read all in one year。Song Taizu、Song Taizong led by example，Also advise officials to read more。Historical records indicate that Zhao Pu "learned little about official affairs，Old academic，Ji Weixiang，Taizu often advised reading。I can’t let go of the scroll in my old age，Every private address，Close the door, open the box and get the book，Read the day”。("History of the bet365 coupon code" Volume 256 "Biography of Zhao Pu"，Zhonghua Book Company proofreading edition，Page 8940) Song Taizu not only persuaded civil servants to study，Even for those high-spirited generals，He also wants to "make everyone read"，("Changbian" Volume 3, February 2, the third year of Jianlong，Page 62) to improve their quality。The bet365 coupon code’s policy orientation of advocating culture and suppressing military force，It undoubtedly stimulates people’s enthusiasm for reading。

In order for people to have books to read，Song Taizu、Song Taizong also attached great importance to book construction，Includes favorites、Organization、Compilation and printing, etc.。When the bet365 coupon code was founded，The national collection only has more than 10,000 volumes。In the third year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of the bet365 coupon code (978)，has increased to more than 80,000 volumes。On the basis of collecting a certain number of books，The rulers of the early bet365 coupon code organized a large number of civil servants and Confucian scholars to collate the handed down books，To improve the quality of books，Make it work better。All books that have been edited，All of them will be engraving and issued immediately。At the same time，The rulers of the early bet365 coupon code also actively encouraged cultural creation，And organize manpower、Financial resources to complete the compilation of some large books。The early bet365 coupon code became a peak period in Chinese history when famous works continued to emerge after nearly a hundred years of cultural decadence。The various efforts of the rulers in the early bet365 coupon code，It has effectively promoted the reading atmosphere in society。

　Scientific and technological progress promotes bet365 coupon code

There are four world-famous inventions in ancient China，Among them printing、Papermaking is closely related to reading activities。bet365 coupon code Printing、The development and continuous improvement of papermaking，Especially the invention of movable type printing，Provides unprecedented material conditions for the prosperity of reading。Books printed in the early bet365 coupon code were still engraving printing，Due to limitations in technology and investment，Printed books among the private sector are not yet common，Manual copying is still an important method of book reproduction。Hong Mai said: "At the beginning of the country, after the Five Dynasties were in chaos，At least the printing plate of the book is located。" ("Rong Zhai Essays" Five-stroke Volume 7 "Books at the Beginning of the Republic of China"，Zhonghua Book Company proofreading edition，Page 908) For ordinary people，It was not easy to get books in the early bet365 coupon code，This will inevitably restrict the development of reading culture。After the mid-Northern bet365 coupon code，The movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng is gradually being promoted，The papermaking technology has also been greatly improved，Both its quality and production quantity have reached a new level，This makes mass reproduction of books possible。Therefore，Various books are becoming more and more accessible。The second year of Jingde (1005)，Xing Bing, the son of the state, once said to Zhenzong: "I was a Confucian scholar when I was young，There are only a few disciples who can master the scriptures，Not allowed to pass or write。Today’s version is prepared，All scholars and common people have it，Snai is a Confucian who is lucky at the right time。” (Volume 60 of "Changbian", Wuchen in May of the second year of Jingde，Page 1333) The ninth year of Xining (1076)，Su Shi also said: "I still meet Mr. Lao Confucian，Talking about his youth，I want "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" but can't get it。Fortunately got it，All written by hand，Recite day and night，Lest of failure。Nearly years old，People in the city turned to each other and imitated the scholars、Book of Hundreds of Families，Thousands of papers sent daily。Scholars on books，There are many and it is easy to do so。” (Volume 11 of "Collected Works of Su Shi" "Secretary of Li's Shanfang Collection"，Zhonghua Book Company proofreading edition，Page 359)

The development of the famous official family Zhen Ding Han in the bet365 coupon code，This progress can also be explained from one aspect。When Han Yi, the founder of the Han family, was studying，It is still not easy to get books and paper。Han Yi "learns without paper"，There is a big stone in front of the village gate，Just learn Chinese characters，Wash it off at night”。“There are very few printed books in the world，Mostly handwritten text”。Finally borrowed it，To copy by hand immediately。And developed to the second generation Han Jiang and others、When the third generation Han Zongdao and others were studying，"Sufficiently printed books"。(Zhang Fan: "Standards of Official Scholarship" Volume 2，Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Complete Books，Volume 875，Page 20。Some treatises mistake "Han Yi" for "Han Qi"，Should be corrected) Various books are now at your fingertips。In addition to the changing factors of the Han family’s own economic status，The main reason is the improvement of technical conditions。Obviously，The huge improvement in technical conditions has enabled more members of society to join the ranks of reading，Promoted the rise of reading culture。

　　The imperial examination and official selection stimulate bet365 coupon code

The development of the imperial examination system in the bet365 coupon code was a powerful stimulus to the social reading atmosphere。The imperial examination system was a means of selecting officials through cultural examinations from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Chinese history。It was not widespread in the Sui and Tang Dynasties，And the Ming and Qing Dynasties fell into the eight-legged mud pit，Don’t choose people based on their talents。Only the bet365 coupon code was the golden period in history for the imperial examination。And，The scope of imperial examinations in the bet365 coupon code was unprecedentedly expanded，The door is open to almost all levels of society。Song people once said: "Today, the emperor selects scholars every three years，Although a poor and humble family in the mountains，The disciples only have literature，Family name must be given。" ("Jiading Chicheng Chronicles" Volume 37 "Xianju Ling Chen Mixuexiang's Encourage to Learn"，Song and Yuan Fangzhi Series) In the bet365 coupon code, the imperial examinations implemented the anonymous method、Transcription method、A series of measures to prevent cheating including the lock-in law，“Compared to previous lives，most number is Zhi Gong"。("The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu" Volume 113 "On the Road to Acquire People"，Zhonghua Book Company proofreading edition，Page 1716)

The development bet365 coupon code imperial examination system made it easier to study and study、Entering the imperial examination and becoming an official has become a member of society to improve his status、The main means to change your destiny，This greatly stimulates people’s enthusiasm for reading and learning，So much so that "Jia Le Guozi" appeared ("Customs" in Volume 1 of "Jiajing Yanping Prefecture")、“It is the fault of a father and brother that his son and brother are illiterate，It is a shame for a wife to be a mother if her son and husband are uneducated" ("Rong Zhai Essays", Volume 4, Volume 5, "Customs of Raozhou"，Page 683) social phenomenon。

　　Prosperous education guarantees bet365 coupon code

The development of various types of school education in the bet365 coupon code was a strong guarantee for the prosperity of reading。When the bet365 coupon code was established，Education is very depressed，The only Imperial College has no teaching activities。At the beginning of Song Taizu’s accession to the throne，"That is, there is an imperial edict to increase the number of temples and renovate them"，And "it's a blessing to drive again and again"，Guozijian "The First Gathering of Students to Lecture" ("Changbian" Volume 3, June Xinmao, the third year of Jianlong，Page 68)，Started teaching activities。For various original private schools，The rulers of the early bet365 coupon code also supported and encouraged them。For example, the Hualin Study run by the Hu clan in Nanchang，Taizong of the bet365 coupon code once gave him the "Royal Book"，Encourage。(Wang Yucheng: "The Collection of Small Animals" Volume 19 "Preface to Hu's Hualin Study in Yimen, Hongzhou" sent by sages from the dynasty)，Four-part series)

Based on the emphasis on education by the rulers of the bet365 coupon code，There were three large-scale academic movements in the Northern bet365 coupon code，That is, the "Qingli Xue Xue" initiated by Fan Zhongyan during the Renzong period of bet365 coupon code、The "Xining" initiated by Wang Anshi during the Song Shenzong period、Yuanfeng Xue Xue” and the “Chongning Xue Xue” initiated by Cai Jing during the Huizong period of bet365 coupon code，Therefore, government-run education was very developed in the bet365 coupon code。At the same time，Academies run by social elites and clan private schools run by clan organizations，Also prosperous。Even a small remote village，There are also often “winter studies”。Visible，Schools in the bet365 coupon code were quite common。In Yanping Prefecture, where "the establishment of learning precedes the world"，Even reached the level of "five steps and one private school"，Ten steps and one step" ("Customs", Volume 1 of "Jiajing Yanping Prefecture")。Such a developed school education，Naturally, it became a powerful guarantee for the enduring popularity of reading in the bet365 coupon code。

Chen Yinke once said: "The culture of the Chinese nation，Evolution over thousands of years，Perfect in the Zhao and Song Dynasties。"("Jinmingguan Series Manuscripts Part Two"，Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1980 Edition，Page 245) The social environment of the bet365 coupon code contributed to the rise of reading culture，The rise of reading culture promoted the prosperity of bet365 coupon code culture。Visible，The acquisition of cultural achievements in the Zhao and Song Dynasties，Sincerity is not an accident。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Compilation and Research of Genealogical Documents of Liao, bet365 coupon code, Xixia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties” (19ZDA200))

(The author is a professor at the Institute of bet365 coupon code, Liao, and Jin History and the School of History at Northwest University、Former Vice President of the Chinese bet365 coupon code History Research Association)