Dunhuang Grottoes include a number of grottoes, including the World Cultural Heritage Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes。1900，Mogao Grottoes found the Tibetan Sutra Cave，Tens of thousands of secrets for thousands of years of documents and arts see the day again。For a century，Dunhuang Xue has gradually become an international manifestation。Dunhuang Grottoes are constantly obtaining new discoveries、New results。This article is raised by the big person，Excavation of the site of the front hall of the cave、The advancement of the archeology of the cave in the North District and the three results of the collation and publishing of the cave archeological report。

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At the opening ceremony of the 3rd China Archaeological Conference held on October 18, 2021, the "Hundred Years of Archaeological Discovery" in China，Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes ranked among them because of archeological excavations in 1963。

July 1963 to the first half of 1966，To cooperate with Mogao Grottoes South District Dangerous Cliff Reinforcement Project，Dunhuang Institute of Cultural Relics (predecessor of the Dunhuang Research Institute) archeologists carried out large -scale archeological excavations in front of the bottom cave，Clean up to more than 20 building sites before the cave within the construction scope，New found 3 caves and 3 small siblings，The mural residue was unearthed at the same time、Statue residual block、pigment block、Porcelain disk、Pottery Lantern Bowl、Tao 坩 埚、pot pot、embroidery、silk painting、Document、Tang and Song coins、Elephant head copper shop、Gold Gold and Copper Bodhisattva、Wood carving lotus buds、Lotus stone pillar foundation、Paddium tiles and other precious cultural relics。

The site in front of the cave discovered by this archeological excavation，From the perspective of the age，Divided into five generations、Song、Xixia、dollar several different times，Some of the caves in front of the cave have been rebuilt twice; from the perspective of the Bet365 lotto review building structure，It can be roughly divided into two types，The most of which is the temple architectural site of the brick -and -the -base structure，Another is the simple and smaller building site with a relatively simple and smaller scale.。From the perspective of excavation，Hall buildings are mostly built in front of the base，Most of the ground lined with tiles，South、Ramping on both sides of the north，Connect with the cave at the back，Forming the form of the front hall and back cave。The more famous in the relics unearthed in this archeological excavation are the embroidered Buddhist paintings supported by the Taihe Eleven (487) Northern Wei Dynasty Royal Girror Kings。

After the excavation of 1963-1966，Archaeological workers have replenished excavations on the site of the front palace at least three times in the cave。July to the end of October 1979 and the end of October and June 1980，In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721) in Kaiyuan (721) in the Tang Dynasty, Cave 130 (also known as the South University，The 26 -meter -high leaning of the Maitreya statue in the cave is cleaned up in front of the cave.、Buddhist altar、Brick and other relics，A new small niche was also found; June -July 1999，Discovered the sites in front of the 66-78 cave of Mogao Grottoes，Discovered the architectural site of the front hall of the 72-76 cave; October 1999，Two years in Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty (that is, the first year of the Saints，695) Constructed Mogao Grottoes Cave 96 (also known as the statue of Peking University，35 -meter -high leaning statue of Maitreya，There are nine -story wooden building built in 1935 outside the cave).、Songs in the front of the cave in the Song Dynasty，Clean up and clear、yuan、Xixia to the Tang Dynasty ground and some tiles，26 cavities and door anvils distributed on the ground when the statue of the cave is found、Lotus pattern big stone pillar foundation, etc.。

Tang、Since the fifth generation，There are many text records about the building situation of Mogao Grottoes，For example, "The Merit of Mo Gao Cave in Longxi, the Tang Dynasty" recorded:，Flying Pavilion，Flying Pavilion，North and South Xialian。... Er Qi Flying Flying Goose Wings，Create Panlong Bet365 lotto review Scales，Yunwu was born in a household，Thunder walks in Jie Hui，Zuo Kaiping Lu，Mejima Mountain。Not Star Ring，Polish Pavilion。"" Datang Zongzi Longxi Li Family Revised Merit Monument ":" Yunxia Da Ka，Bao Chongzong。Not Star Ring，Schung Standing。Eaves eaves，Towerlessness is not allowed in Dragon Palace; Hangge Chongxuan，Xiao Wan layer in Riji (inter -Ji)。"These text descriptions，Let us know，In the Tang Dynasty，The entire cliff surface of the Mogao Grottoes，There are many cave eaves，Use a boardwalk between the cave eaves to connect。The dangquan (Daquan) River at that time flowed in front of the cave，Therefore, you can see the reflection of the appearance of the cave。

Five Dynasties also have similar text records，Rudo "Dunhuang Record" records: "(Mogao Grottoes) each cave for a million yuan in taxation taxes，Former Tower Pavilion，There is a Grand Palace，It looks like 160 feet long，It has countless little，It is learned that there are false thresholds，Scenery of the Tour。"The above is a record of the building situation on the cliff surface。Although most of these buildings on the cliff surface no longer exist，But from the five existing existing late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty wooden cave eaves and boardwalk residual beams，and the beam holes in the cliff surface、椽 Eye and other ruins look at，Information provided by architectural sites such as the cave before archeological excavation，These text records in Dunhuang literature above，It should be credible。

The excavation of the site of the front hall of the Mogao Grottoes and its results，Change people’s understanding，That is to say, the appearance of the ancient Mogao Grottoes may not be what we see today。The information provided by the archeological excavation of the front temple site of the cave，It can provide reference for the appearance or building of the Mogao Grottoes at a certain period of time to restore the ancient Mogao Grottoes at a certain extent。

　　Promotion of archeology in the cave in the North District

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes excavated on the cliff with a length of about 1700 meters long in the eastern foot of Mingsha，According to the distribution Bet365 lotto review of the cave, it is divided into southern and North District。Southern District, about 1,000 meters long，The 487 caves in the original number of 492 caves were concentrated。On the cliff with a total length of more than 700 meters in the North District，Also cut hundreds of caves with hives，The most dense place can reach four or five layers。Since most of the caves in the North District have no murals and statues (only five number cave caves in the 461-465 caves in the long run)，It has not attracted enough attention。

In order to clarify the nature and connotation of the northern cave of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang，June 1988 to November 1995，Peng Jinzhang led the archeological professionals of the Dunhuang Research Institute to clean up and excavate the North District of Mogao Grottoes one by one，Determine the number of caves，Newly added 243 number caves，It is found that there are the following types in the caves in the North District: (1) Monk houses dedicated to monks or people who live in Mogao Grottoes。(2) For monks for meditation、Zen Caves of Recitation。(3) The combination cave of monks caves and Zen caves with both living and meditation practice。(4) Used to bury monks、Frequent disciples and other Buddhists。(5) For Buddhists for viewing、Tour and hold other Buddhist activities of Buddhist activities。(6) 廪 Cave, warehouse cave for storage items。

A large number of precious cultural relics were unearthed in the North District Grottoes，Mainly various ancient coins、Destiny、Sculpture or Painting Tool、Wood statues、Color Clast Residual Block、mural residual block、silk painting、Paper painting、paper -cut、clothing、Documents of various texts, etc.，Among them, Persian silver coins，Xixia Iron Money，Xixia Porcelain，Xixia Cultural Dictionary "Fan Han Time Palm in the Palm", "Sancai Miscellaneous Words" preface，Xixia Wenmu seal，48 Hui Wenwen Wooden Word，The Tibetan Buddha Sutra written by mud gold and silver，The Huiwen Buddhist scriptures written by mud gold have high academic value。Cultural Relics Publishing House published the first volume of the "Gottra of the North District of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang" Bet365 lotto review in July 2000，In July 2004, the second and third volumes of "Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes North District Cave" was also published.。This is the final result of the archeological excavation information of the northern area of ​​Mogao Grottoes。

Archaeological excavation and sorting research，We believe that the use function in the North District is different from the southern district，Southern District is the temple of Buddha，It is a monk for the Buddha、Place of Buddhist activities，North District is mainly for monks for life、Residence、Xi Zen、The area buried after death。The cave groups in the north and south districts together constitute a complete Mogo Grottoes Cave Temple。

　　Clean and Publishing of the Archaeological Report of the Cave

The 1960s，Dunhuang Institute of Cultural Relics began to try to compile detailed cave archeological reports，I hope to pass the text，Draw the measured diagram，Take pictures of photos and other methods，Science、Full、Comprehensively organize and announce all the information of the Dunhuang Grottoes。But，Difficulty and complexity of archeological work in Dunhuang Grottoes，far beyond people’s imagination。After more than forty years, the curved folding folds、Repeated，After many failures and setbacks，The Dunhuang Research Institute was able to host the overall planning and sub -archeological report of the archeological report of the multi -volume "The Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes"，Plan the Mogao Grottoes it under its jurisdiction、Xiqian Buddha Cave、Nearly 600 caves with murals and statues in Dunhuang Grottoes such as Yulin Cave and other caves are divided into 100 volumes of archeological reports and publishing。

In 2011, the "Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes" edited by Fan Jinshi, "The Archaeological Report of Cave 266-275 in the Mogao Grottoes" was finally published。The report is 268、272、275 Caves are the main and include 11 caves around，Record the location of the cave、outer facade、Cave structure、Statue and murals、Save status and affiliated questions、Remembering all the contents of the monument，and equipped，Appendix collected the historical graphic information of this volume cave，Related bet365 Play online games Catalog，pigment、material analysis and carbon 14 test report，The application of the three -dimensional laser scanning technology in the archeological mapping of the cave。

This report uses the most advanced surveying and mapping technology to archeological work，Realized major breakthroughs in archeological mapping of the grotto。This archeological report broke the past and only limited to text、Methods of drawing and photography，Fusion of archeology、History、Art History、Buddhism、Measurement、Computer、Photography、Chemistry、Physics、Multi -disciplinary methods such as information and information。Writing and publishing of the archeological report，It is conducive to permanent preservation、Protecting the scientific archives of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and other Dunhuang Grottoes，In -depth research on promoting the cultural heritage of Dunhuang Grottoes、Meet the demand for data from scholars and academic institutions at home and abroad，When the grotto gradually degrades or even collapses and destroys，Provides a basis for comprehensive recovery。This report was highly affirmed by the academic community at home and abroad，It also provides examples for the writing of the archeological report of other grotto temples。

Current，Dunhuang Grottoes Apart from the 1st Volume 1 of the Archaeological Report "The Complete Works of Dunhuang Grottoes"，Volume 2 "Mogao Grottoes No. 256、257、Cave 259 Archeology Report "After 10 years of hard work，The manuscript has been finished now，Publishing soon; Volume 3 "The Archaeological Report of Cave 251-255 Mogao Grottoes" and 4th Volume 4 "Mogao Grottoes 260、262、263、265 Cave Archaeological Report "also started to start writing。

Total view，The archeology of Dunhuang Grottoes has achieved some important results，But there are many jobs that need to be carried out。In recent years, the party and the government have attached unprecedented importance to the protection of the cultural heritage of the cave temple、Research and utilization work，Chinese Grottoes Temple Archeology entered the golden age。After entering the new century，Dunhuang Grottoes archeological cause can be said to be booming，bet365 best casino games Whether it is the Dunhuang Grottoes and the archeological excavation and cleanup of its surroundings，Still writing the archeological report of the content of the cave，and even other archeological research on grottoes，All generations of Dunhuang archeologists need to continue to carry forward the "adhere to the desert，Gan Yu Dedication，Working solid work，"Mogo Spirit"，Not afraid of loneliness and hard work，Working solid work，Toby forward。

(This article is the National Social Science Foundation General Project "Morning Cave Southern District Cliff Riscenia Archaeological Report Collection and Research" (20BKG023) phased achievement)

(Author is a researcher at the Dunhuang Research Institute、Director of the Institute of Archeology)