2005 Marxist theoretical Discipline was established as a first -level discipline，It is a second -level discipline of "Marxist theory and ideological and political education" set up from the first -level discipline of the original political science，Its background is the "05 plan" of the central government's implementation of Marxist theoretical research and construction projects (hereinafter referred to as "horse project") and starting ideological and political theory courses (hereinafter referred to as "ideological and political courses").。For 17 years，The construction of Marxist theoretical discipline has achieved important results，But the requirements of the Party Central Committee proposed in the new era of the Party Central Committee to play a "lead" role in the construction of the discipline of philosophy and social sciences，There is still a large gap。For this，To further strengthen the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，First of all，The focus of clear research in content，Strengthening the problem on the path。 

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Marxist theoretical discipline as the original intention of first -level discipline，It is the overall study of the theory of Marxist theory，Thinking that the construction of ideological and political courses provides discipline support and provides valid platforms for condensing teachers。Five second -level disciplines (Basic Principles of Marxism、History of Marxism Development、Sinicization of Marxism、Foreign Marxism、Research on Ideological and Political Education)，There are 3 directly corresponding to the undergraduate ideological and political lessons ("Basic Principles of Marxism" "Mao Zedong Thought、Deng Xiaoping theory and the Introduction to the Important Thoughts of the Three Represents "" "Thoughts and Moral Cultivation and Legal Basis")，and then set up the 6th secondary discipline in 2008 (Research on the Basic Questions of Modern History in China)，It is even more straightforward to indicate its purpose，is "Curriculum Function and Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers' Teachers。This is in other discipline settings，It is unique。Since then，Documents formulated by the Degree Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education，All clearly positioning the "basic tasks", "main task", "important task" of "basic tasks", "important tasks" or even "first task"。

Marxist theoretical discipline construction has achieved fruitful results。First，Theoretical research has been strengthened in theory，Deepen the study of the scientific research of Marxist Chinese。It focuses on the components of Marxism that originally distributed in various first -level disciplines (formerly Marxist philosophy、Political Economics、Scientific Socialism、History of International Communist Movement、History of the Communist Party of China, etc.)，Get a lot of results in the basic category of Marxism and the formation of development and communication。The study and practice of the Chineseization of Marxism，And the party's guiding ideology and the current evolution of progress，provided a profound foundation for the scientific theory。These are difficult to achieve in the original field of sub -disciplines。Next，In practice, it provides theoretical basis for ideological construction，Provides discipline support for the construction of ideological and political courses。It studies the practice of Marxist ideology and the practice of party ideology，Provides the theoretical basis and policy recommendations for adhering to Marxism in the ideological field，Especially contributed to the "Bright Base Color of Marxism" in colleges and universities。It provides discipline support for the reform and construction of ideological and political lessons，Make the ideological and political lessons get a lot of resources in the conservation innovation of content and methods。again，The team has been condensed in the guarantee，enhanced the system and mechanism。Marxist theoretical discipline as a first -level discipline，Strengthen the subject consciousness of teachers in ideological and political curriculum，Improving the sense of belonging，expanded the impact among young and middle -aged scholars，So teachers of ideological and political lessons concentrate on the construction of disciplines and ideological and political courses，It plays an important incentive role。Under the support of the first -level discipline，All colleges and universities have successively established Marxist colleges directly under the school，The construction bet365 Play online games of the theoretical discipline of Marxism and its support for ideological and political lessons have been guaranteed。Propaganda and education departments at all levels and colleges and universities，All pay more attention，One after another increased the intensity of investment。In 17 years，Ph.D. in the country's only first -level discipline developed to over 100，This is rare in other disciplines。In short，"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，The situation of the situation in the ideological field of my country、Fundamental change，Confidence in the people's culture of all ethnic groups in the whole party is significantly enhanced，The cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society will greatly improve，Provided strong ideological guarantee and strong spiritual power for the new situation of the new era of creating the party and the state in the new era。"Among them, the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，It plays an important role。

The construction of Marxist theoretical discipline also has some shortcomings。Although Marxist theoretical discipline construction has achieved good results，but，Compared with the task set by the Central Horse Project，Using the new requirements of the Party Central Committee in the new era to measure the new requirements of Marxist theoretical discipline，Especially with General Secretary Xi Jinping's new expectations for the construction of Marxist discipline，Marxist theoretical discipline construction is still far away。First，2004 "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on further prosperity and development of philosophy and social sciences" and the "Opinions of the Central Propaganda Ideological Work Leading Group on the Implementation of Marxist theoretical Research and Construction Engineering" stipulated the five major tasks of "Horse Project": strengthen Research on the theoretical achievements of Marxist Chineseization，Strengthen the compilation and research of Marxist classics，Construction of the subject system of Marxist theory with the characteristics of the times，Writing fully reflects the latest philosophical and social science key discipline textbooks with the latest achievements of contemporary Chinese Marxism，Strengthen the construction of Marxist theoretical team。Comparison of these tasks，For Marxist theoretical discipline，The gap is mainly manifested in: The research on the study of contemporary Chinese Marxism is not strong、Form -to -form annotations; not comprehensive and deepening of classic Marxist classics; in the construction of the discipline system of philosophy，The role of Marxist theoretical discipline is not strong enough; in some textbooks, there are also dogmatic or practical words that are separated from the times and Chinese actuality，Li "to help people distinguish the basic principle of Marxism that must be adhered to for a long time，Which is the theoretical judgment that needs to be combined with new reality with rich development，Which is the understanding of Marxism that must be broken，Which is the requirements that must be clarified to be attached to the name of Marxism. "、Fundamental Chinese and foreign Marxist theory，The political direction is correct、Solid theoretical skills、Courage to pioneer innovation、Good at contacting the actual Marxist discipline，Backbone of Middle -aged Marxist theory and Teaching) The influence on the entire philosophy and social science platform is not strong enough，etc.。Next，2015 Central Office、"Opinions on Propaganda and Thoughts of Universities in the New Situation" issued by the State Council，Putting higher requirements for the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，That is "to improve the leading role of Marxist theoretical discipline，Implementation of Marxist Theoretical Discipline Plan "。The so -called "leading" role，Not a normal mature，Instead, it is necessary to reflect its comparative advantage with other disciplines。and actually，Compared with the rapid expansion of the first -level discipline in 17 years，Propaganda in quality is far from ideal。again，General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the Seminar (hereinafter referred to as the "5 · 17" speech at the Philosophy and Social Science Work Symposium on May 17, 2016 clearly stated: "Adhere to Marxism as guidance，It is the fundamental sign of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from other philosophy and social sciences。"Therefore, in accelerating the construction of a discipline system with Chinese characteristics and social sciences，The first task is "Strengthening Marxist Discipline Construction"。At the same time，He revealed the "internal cause" of Marxism in some areas in actual work，That is "Some comrades do not understand Marxism、Understanding，Using Marxist position、Viewpoint、Insufficient skills、Not many high -level results "，and its performance Bet365 lotto review is the "emptyization、Tag "and dogmatic and pragmatism phenomena。This is actually a criticism of the entire Marxist discipline construction including the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines。Need to make up for the shortcomings existing in the disciplinary construction，Effectively play the "lead" role of Marxist theoretical disciplines in the construction of the entire philosophy and social sciences system，Need to target existing problems，Clarify the positioning of disciplines and functions in concept，Determine research focus in content，Strengthening the problem on the path。

　　Concept: Clarify the positioning and function of Marxist theoretical discipline 

The lack of the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，There are various main and objective reasons，The subjective cause is reflected in the concept，Mainly: one，Excessive emphasis on the disciplinary positioning of its relative independence; the second，Driven the function of serving the ideological and political courses。In the early stages of the establishment bet365 Play online games of the theoretical discipline of Marxism，The existence of these two concepts has its necessity and inevitability。but，Today, we must effectively play the leading role of Marxist theoretical discipline on the construction of the discipline system of philosophy and social sciences，Need to establish a new concept for positioning and functions。

One，Clarifying the backbone discipline of Marxist theoretical discipline in the Marxist discipline system。

We are used to referring to the theoretical discipline of Marxist theory as "Ma Discipline"，This is not accurate。Marxist theoretical discipline is not equal to the "horse discipline"，Because of the generally referred to as the "horse discipline"，refers to the Marxist discipline system (hereinafter referred to as the "horse discipline")，It includes Marxist theoretical disciplines (commonly known as "pony")，Marxist related disciplines (that is, Marxist philosophy、Political Economics、Studies in Marxism such as scientific socialism and the history of the Communist Party of China，It can be commonly known as "China Malaysia")，And the basic theory and related major practical issues of related philosophy and social sciences directly guided by Marxism (that is, Marxist politics、Economics、Sociology、News、Literature、History and other discipline studies，It can be commonly known as "Malaysia")。This "horse discipline"，It is based on Marxist theoretical discipline，supported by Marxist related disciplines，The discipline group composed of the basic theory and major practical issues of philosophy and social sciences is the discipline group。

Emphasizing the need to build a "horse discipline" group and establish the "backbone" positioning of Marxist theoretical disciplines is: first，From the perspective of discipline construction，It will promote the interaction between Marxist theoretical disciplines with the "Malaysia" and "Malaysia"，To better absorb the results of other discipline theoretical research and even new words in new categories，Expansion of the visual field of the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，to avoid "self -entertainment"; at the same time, it is conducive to highlighting the comparative advantage of Marxist theoretical disciplines in the use of Marxist guidance，Strengthening the backbone responsibility in the construction of the horse discipline system，So as to use the right to speak in the field of philosophy and social sciences in the theoretical discipline of Marxist theory。Next，From the perspective of team building，It will promote the improvement of Marxist theoretical disciplines and even ideological and political courses.。One aspect，It helps young and young scholars who joined Marxist theoretical disciplines and ideological and political courses from "China Malaysia" or even "Malaysia" disciplines，Establish "Learn Horse in Horse、In Ma Yanma、in Ma Yanma、in Ma Yanma、Disciplinary consciousness in horses，Incorporates the theoretical discipline of Marxism faster and better; on the other hand,，It helps expand the Marxist research team，Scholars of "Malaysia" and even the "Malaysia" discipline form a consciousness of jointly contributing to Marxist theory and curriculum。At the same time，It also helps enhances the ideological responsibility consciousness of school leaders and functional departments，To avoid brightening the bright background of Marxist Marxism and the task of implementing horse projects，The phenomenon of responsibilities is attributed to the phenomenon of Marxist Academy。

Its two，Clarifying the functional positioning of "capital and education" in the theoretical discipline of Marxist theoretical discipline。

Services for ideological and political courses，It is the main task of the construction of Marxist theoretical disciplines，but not the only task，Instead, it is necessary to serve the entire student ideological and political education work (so -called "big moral education"); even in the field of "educating people"，Serving the ideological and political courses is not all tasks，Instead, to cultivate outstanding talents for the party's ideology。For this，In order to better play the role of Marxist theoretical discipline in the ideological construction of the party and the state, and the leading role in philosophy and social bet365 live casino games sciences，Its functional positioning should be a combination of capital government and educating people。

Instead, to cultivate outstanding talents for the party's ideology，provides theoretical support for consolidating Marxism in the ideological guidance position，For the development of contemporary Chinese Marxism、21st Century Marxism provides support of theory，Provide academic foundations for Marxism in the field of philosophy and social sciences，Provide scientific theoretical thinking and value -oriented to respond to major practical issues，etc.。The so -called "educated people" of Marxist theoretical discipline，provides theoretical basis for ideological and political education work、Effective ideas and policy recommendations，Provide research results to solve the difficult points of doubt in the education and teaching of ideological and political theory.，Provide a research platform for the cultivation of Marxist theoretical talents，etc.。

Clarifying the functional positioning of the combination of Marxist theoretical discipline "government" and "educating people" is: first，It is conducive to improving the status of Marxist theoretical discipline，Expand the influence of the subject。Because of political leadership and the ideological management rights transmitted by it，Only the necessary conditions for the right to speak in social life in social life are given only，Marxist theoretical discipline，Only use the Marxist position viewing method to correctly explain major social contradictions and scientific practice of Chinese practical experience，can fully demonstrate the comparative advantage of Marxism relative to other theories，So as to provide sufficient conditions for mastering the right to speak Marxist。

Next，Help to promote the function of "educating people"。"Education" ability is inseparable from the level of "capital government"，No "funding" without "educating people"。The prerequisite for "solving doubts and confusion" on the doubts of college students' thoughts，is scientific，As Marx said，As long as the theory is thorough，You can persuade people。Thoughts and political lessons only adhere to theoretical connection.，Use Marxism and the theoretical results of nationalization to reveal the main and objective root source of social contradictions，Evaluate the value orientation of social contradictions，Indicate the prospects of these contradictions，can college students consciously establish the "four self -confidences" and clarify the social responsibility they should bear。

again，helps to promote the growth of young teachers in ideological and political lessons。The value of teachers in ideological and political lessons，It is not how many "soul chicken soup" is provided for college students，Instead, it provides scientific theoretical thinking and correct value -oriented for college students。This requires young teachers on the basis of grasping the basic views and teaching requirements of teaching materials，Research on major theoretical and practical issues，So "forced" young teachers to improve theoretical literacy。

Last，helps to actively promote the reform and improvement of the teaching materials system。Fundamental construction of the teaching materials system of ideological and political lessons，It is a major theory and practical issue that uses Marxist positions to respond to the development of contemporary China and the world.，instead of copying professional theoretical system or teaching system for cadre education，This can solve the problem of dismissalism discourse in the textbook，Only the longitudinal connection and horizontal penetration problems of the teaching materials system can be handled，so as to make it more affinity and targeted。 

　　Key: Develop 21st Century Marxism 

To give full play to the unique advantages of Marxist theoretical disciplines overall，​​Research on the basic theoretical problems of Marxism needs to be strengthened，and make a rational contribution to the development of Marxism in the 21st century。

First，To strengthen the study of basic theoretical issues of Marxism。Among them, the most fundamental，It is based on the basic principle of Marxism that must be distinguished by the horses engineering.，Which is the theoretical judgment that needs to be combined with new reality with rich development，Which is the understanding of Marxism that must be broken，What are the requirements that must be clarified to be attached to the name of Marxism "，Two basic issues of deepening research，First is the core content of Marxism，The second is the basic feature of Marxism。

First of all, the core content of Marxist theory。Engelsko demonstrated the two major contributions of Marx's life，The great discovery of the "universal law of human history" and the "special movement law of modern capitalist production and its bourgeois society"，Due to these two discovers，Make socialism from being empty to science。This is the core content of Marxist theory。Special Sports Law of "Modern Capitalism and the Law，That is the remaining value of the surplus value，People basically have no objection; but，"General Law of Human History" Bet365 lotto review revealed by Marx，Textbooks mostly define it as "from primitive society to slave society to feudal society to capitalist society and then through socialist society to communism."。This is very controversial，Need to go deep research，What is the general law of human history revealed by Marx?

On the one hand，Marx's journey of mind when looking back at the new theory，Clear indication，He criticized the bourgeois theory and capitalist reality，The general conclusion that is obtained and used to guide future research，It is the basic contradiction theory of society; in the preface made by Engels in his later years for the "Communist Manifesto"，It will also be "core ideas of the Communist Declaration"，It is confirmed as the basic social contradiction;，It is clearly regarding the law of basic contradictions in society as the general law of human history discovered by Marx。​​On the other hand，Although Marx has analyzed the tribal ownership experienced by former European capitalism、Ancient Commune ownership and national ownership、Feudal or grade ownership form，but，He always limits the "historical inevitability" of this movement in the scope of Western European countries "，and oppose it as an absolutely common model to impose in countries around the world。

Study on this core issue，involved many important theoretical problems，Ru public、National ownership、Social ownership、Personal ownership、What is the relationship between mixed ownership? How to evaluate the socialism of Leninism and the Soviet model?、"Chinese Studies" (Chinese Traditional Culture) and "Western Studies" (Western Academic Tradition and Contemporary Academic Tide)? etc。

Followed by the basic features of Marxist theory。General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 200th anniversary of Marx's birthday，"The Theory of Science", "The theory of the People", "Practical Theory", and "Open Theory" for Marxist theory，This reflects the new understanding of Marxism's essential characteristics of the Chinese Communist Party。

Based on this new summary，Marxist theoretical discipline, whether writing in textbooks，Still the construction of the teaching system，All need to be studied: Marxism's scientific characteristics，Need to study it reveals the laws of the universe or the law of human society development，and what is the laws of human society's development disclosed by Marx; the people's characteristics of Marxism，Need to study the interests of the proletarian class with the people's interests、How to unify the national interests of the nation -state and even the value of human liberation interests; the practical characteristics of Marxism，Need to study revolutionary and practicality，How to coordinate the relationship between the social revolution and the narrow political revolution and class struggle; the open features of Marxism，It is necessary。

2，To strengthen the study of Marxism in the 21st century。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out many times，To "continue to develop 21st century Marxism、Contemporary Chinese Marxism "，"Constantly open up the new realm of Marxist development in the 21st century，Let the contemporary Chinese Marxist radiate a brighter truth light "。This is for Marxist theoretical discipline，Is an incredible responsibility。Although contemporary Chinese Marxism is 21st Century Marxism，But its inverse proposition，that is, the 21st Century Marxist contemporary Chinese Marxism，Extension in Outside、Connotation、There are still differences in the three dimensions of the main body，Therefore, research needs to be strengthened。

First，Look at it from the outside，It is necessary to expand the theme of research from contemporary China to the world of the 21st century。One aspect，"The great social change of contemporary China，Not the mother version of the history and culture of our country，Not a template that is not simply applied by the classic Marxist writer，Not the reprinting of socialist practice in other countries，It is not a copy of foreign modernization，It is impossible to find a ready -made textbook "。Research and refinement of the new road of modern Chinese -style modernization，Not only does it expand the way to modernize developing countries，Add new elements to human civilization，And theoretically, it provides rich original thoughts for the development of Marxism in the 21st century。​​On the other hand，China builds a socialist modern power country，It is placed in the world's "unscrupulous change in a hundred years"，This requires us to expand Marxism "Chinese" to "worldization"，To deepen the content of "age"，that is, the necessity and possibility of being expanded to study how China bear the responsibility of the big country and make more contributions to the world，Thinking that solving human problems and contributing Chinese bet365 best casino games wisdom and Chinese solution for the world，Make Marxism in the contemporary world not only occupy the commanding height of truth，and the commanding height of morality，Therefore, to enhance the saying of Marxism in the contemporary world。

Next，From the connotation，Need to study the general manifestations of the development of human society revealed by Marx in the 21st century。This is to reveal the special laws of the basic contradictions of society in the 21st century in the 21st century，That is economic globalization、What does the world's multi -polarization and social informationization and "integrated world" mean for the development of socialism and capitalism? Specifically，What is the validity of the criticism of the history of materialism and the theory of surplus value in today's capitalist social system and ideological system? Under the conditions of the new scientific and technological revolution，What is the universality and particularity of labor value theory and surplus value theory? In the context of production factor in the background of optimizing allocation of allocation and strong flow of international capital，What are the basic contradictions of capitalist society in domestic and international fields? Where is the "expansion limit" of capitalist values ​​and social systems in the world?、What is the relationship between the common value of all human beings and the ideal relationship between "the consortium of free people" and "human liberation"? The basic trend of the development of human civilization，Is diversity or "convergence"? etc。

again，Look from the subject，We must play more about the communication and mutual learning of Marxist theory, especially foreign Marxists, especially foreign Marxists。The Communist Party of China not only Chineseization of Marxism，and through the Chinese practice Marxism, the theoretical innovation of Marxism，So the forefront of Marxism in the 21st century。At the same time，Development of 21st Century Marxism needs to criticize the contradictions of the contemporary world more deeply, especially the various social contradictions of the capitalist society，Including the structural contradictions of capitalism and the contradiction of production methods、Class and Class contradictions，In -depth analysis of the nature of the new form of capitalism and the various crises of contemporary capitalism，etc.。This requires the joint efforts of Marxists around the world, including various left -wing scholars。Research on them，We cannot copy it all，Can't exclude，Because of their actual situation of capitalism after all，We may be clearer than we do not happen，Their research may be more real than logical interpretation。We must have the courage and various anti -Marxism、Fake Marxist and Pseudo -Marxist thoughts，Dialogue with various Marxist thoughts and even non -Marxist thoughts and exchanges。 

　　Path: Awareness of strengthening the theoretical research of Marxist theory 

Perseverance is a distinctive feature of Marxism，Marxist theoretical discipline compared with other disciplines，It is even more needed to strengthen the problem of problem。Only strengthening the problem of the problem，Make up for the "emptyization、Labeling shortcomings，Research on content can innovate，Therefore, the leading role of Marxist theoretical discipline on the construction of philosophy and social sciences。The so -called enhancement problem consciousness，Just be brave to discover problems、Good at screening questions、In -depth research Questions、Scientific solution to the problem。

First，Courage to discover problems。The so -called problem，It is the courage to discover the contradictions existing in the research object。It has about four "problem domains": First, from the perspective of theoretical point of view，The contradiction between the original theoretical conclusion and the new practice; the second is from the perspective of the theoretical system，The contradiction between the integrity and coordination of the system; the third is from the perspective of the theoretical perspective，There are contradictions between different schools and different opinions caused by different thinking methods; fourth, from the perspective of theory，There are contradictions between Marxism and anti -Marxism or fake Marxism caused by different values.。

Next，Good at screening questions。For Marxist theoretical discipline，After discovering many problems or contradictions worthy of research，Based on its discipline and functional positioning，Also screening questions，is good at hot spots in society、Theoretical difficulties、Focus on the "four -point intersection" of thought doubt and teaching focus，Screening out of important issues that are the most worthy of research on the development of Marxist basic theoretical problems and the development of the 21st century Marxism and can have theoretical thinking and value -oriented influence on other philosophy Bet365 app download and social science research，As your own research focus。

again，In -depth research Questions。The so -called in -depth research in the theoretical discipline of Marxism，It is necessary to try our best to avoid the "four phenomena"，is the vacuumization of disconnection from problems，Tag the labeling of text games or digital games，Everything finds the basics from the discussion of the classic writers of Marxist，and say everything we have done as the pragmatism that Marx has already said。

Last，Scientific solution to the problem。This should reflect the "four combinations"，is the combination of the interpretation of "doctrine" and the research on "problems"，Combination of evaluation problems and problem solving，Combination of critical and criticism of social contradictions and defense of road system，The combination of theoretical self -confidence and theoretical consciousness。

Marxist theoretical discipline research strengthening problem awareness、Persist in problem orientation，Is it true to learn true faith and true believe in Marxism、Adhere to the people's position、Consolidate Marxism in the ideological field、Refining Chinese experience to develop the needs of the 21st century Marxism，It is also the ability to improve the use of Marxist positions and methods to achieve high levels of high levels，Therefore, it can effectively lead the top priority to the construction of the discipline of philosophy and social sciences。

　　(This article is the special major research project of the Ministry of Education "The Research on the Construction of the Construction of the Primary Academic Chemical Science and Chemistry of Xi Jinping in the New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (20jdszkz01)、The Ministry of Education's Philosophy and Social Science Research later funded major projects "Research on the Connotation Development Development Development Development Development" (20JHQ001) phased achievement) 

(The author is a professor of chair at Shanghai Jiaotong University、Fudan University Lecture Professor)