The bet365 score theory of value aims to reveal the basic contradictions of the capitalist commodity economy，That is, the contradiction between private bet365 score and social bet365 score，Provide theoretical basis for revealing the relationship between people from the relationship between things。Exquisite thinking on the bet365 score theory of value，Logical advancement，The meaning continues to deepen，Fully reflects Marx’s profound grasp and flexible application of the “reasonable core” of Hegel’s dialectics，Sparkling with the light of dialectical materialism。

　　The scientific connotation of bet365 score theory of value

Marx’s bet365 score theory of value can be regarded as a theoretical cluster，The important discussions include: the two factors of commodities and the duality of bet365 score in producing commodities and their mutual relations、The stipulations of quality and quantity of value and their changing rules、The development of value forms and the origin of money、Basic contradictions and basic laws of commodity economy and their functions, etc.。

Commodities are the starting point of the bet365 score theory of value，Marx pointed out: “The wealth of a society in which the capitalist mode of production is dominant，Exhibited as ‘huge accumulation of goods’，Individual commodities appear as elemental forms of this wealth。Therefore，Our research starts with analyzing products。”Goods are for exchange、Products of bet365 score that can satisfy certain human needs，Has two attributes: use value and value，It is the contradictory unity of use value and value。Use value is the usefulness of a commodity in meeting certain human needs，Reflects the material relationship between man and nature，It is a natural attribute of the commodity，It is also common to all products of bet365 score。If an item is useless at all，Or although useful, it is not a product of bet365 score，Although it is a product of bet365 score, it is not used for exchange，Then the item is not a commodity。The fundamental concern of commodity producers is not the use value but the exchange value borne by the use value，That is, the proportion or amount of exchange between use values。

The reason why various commodities with completely different use values ​​can be exchanged with each other，Because they can be converted into the same thing，That is, the undifferentiated human bet365 score condensed in commodities，That is, the consumption of human brain power and physical strength。This is hidden behind the use value、What Smith called “bet365 score in general” is value。Marx pointed out，When we do not consider the use value of goods，“All that remains of them is the same ghostly objectivity，Just the simple condensation of undifferentiated human bet365 score，The simple condensation of human bet365 score expenditure in whatever form it takes”。Value is the social attribute of commodities，Reflects the specific social relationship between commodity producers，That is, the relationship between people exchanging bet365 score with each other。"The simple condensation of human bet365 score consumption" cannot be understood apart from commodity production，Because any item has value as long as it consumes human bet365 score。Item must be useful，Must be a product of bet365 score，And must be a commodity，Only valuable。

Commodities have two factors: use value and value，It is determined by the duality of bet365 score in producing commodities, that is, concrete bet365 score and abstract bet365 score。Concrete bet365 score refers to a specific form of bet365 score that produces a certain use value，Abstract bet365 score means leaving aside all concrete forms、Undifferentiated general human bet365 score。Concrete bet365 score creates the use value of commodities，Abstract bet365 score forms the value of commodities，But concrete bet365 score and abstract bet365 score are not two separate labors，But two regulations of the same bet365 score。Any kind of bet365 score is special and concrete bet365 score，General abstract bet365 score again，Concrete bet365 score and the use value it creates reflect the relationship between man and nature，It is the natural attribute of bet365 score，Abstract bet365 score and the value it forms reflect the social relations of commodity producers，It is the social attribute of bet365 score。Different from British classical political economy，Marx believed that value is the condensation of human abstract bet365 score，Including all forms of human mental and physical exertion within the scope of value，Thereby sublating Smith’s “bet365 score in general” in form、Ambiguity and limitations in connotation，Ensures thoroughness in the use of categories，Expanded the scope of application of the “bet365 score theory of value” of classical political economics。Marx said: "This duality of bet365 score contained in commodities，First proved critically by me。This point is the key to understanding political economy。”

Commodity value is the condensation of human abstract bet365 score，This is the stipulation of the quality of commodity value，But Marx still needs to solve the problem of commodity value。The amount of value is determined by the amount of bet365 score expended in producing the commodity，The amount of bet365 score is reflected in a certain amount of bet365 score time。But it is not the individual bet365 score time used to produce the commodity that determines its value，But socially necessary bet365 score time。“Socially necessary bet365 score time is under the normal production conditions of the existing society，The bet365 score time required to create a certain use value under the average bet365 score proficiency and bet365 score intensity in society。”The category of socially necessary bet365 score time is a major creation of Marxist political economics，It not only scientifically clarifies the provisions of the quantitative relationship on which commodity exchange is based and the nature of commodity exchange，It also profoundly clarifies the way to realize value and the social relations it embodies，Greatly expands the theoretical connotation of the bet365 score theory of value in classical political economics。

Proposition of the concept of socially necessary bet365 score time，This also makes the theory of the law of value ready to emerge: the value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary bet365 score time to produce the commodity；Commodity exchange is based on value，Abide by the principle of exchange of equal amounts of socially necessary bet365 score；But the price of the product will not be exactly equal to the value of the product，Instead, the value fluctuates up and down as supply and demand changes，This is the law of value and its manifestations。The law of value is the basic law of commodity production and commodity exchange，It also plays an important role in resource allocation under the conditions of socialist market economy。

　　Contemporary Enlightenment of the bet365 score Theory of Value

The bet365 score theory of value is the basic theory of Marxist political economics，It not only reveals the basic contradictions of capitalist commodity economy，Also reveals the general laws of commodity economy，It has important guiding significance for correctly understanding the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics。The contemporary enlightenment of the bet365 score theory of value in the following two aspects is particularly thought-provoking，We need to look carefully。

一，The bet365 score theory of value requires market entities to continue to innovate，Continuously improve bet365 score productivity，Adhere to the new development concept proposed by the party and the country since the new era、Adhere to high-quality development、Encourage hard work, innovation, wealth, etc.，All are the application and development of the bet365 score theory of value，It is also the proper meaning of the bet365 score theory of value。The value of a commodity is not determined by the bet365 score time of the individual enterprise that produces the commodity，In the era of globalization，It can also be said that it is not determined by the bet365 score time of the individual country that produces the commodity，It is determined by the socially necessary bet365 score time in a global sense。If my country’s market entities can continuously reduce the individual bet365 score hours required to produce goods，While socially necessary bet365 score time in a global sense remains unchanged，We can get extraordinary profit returns，China’s economy will become more important and proactive in the world。Marx pointed out: “The bet365 score time required to produce commodities changes with every change in the productivity of bet365 score。The higher the bet365 score productivity，The less bet365 score time is required to produce an item，The smaller the amount of bet365 score condensed in the item，The smaller the value of the item。On the contrary，The lower bet365 score productivity，The more bet365 score time is necessary to produce an item，The greater the value of the item。”It can be seen that the individual bet365 score time of producing goods is reduced，The key is to continuously improve bet365 score productivity。

There are many factors that affect bet365 score productivity，Includes the average proficiency level of workers、The development level of science and technology and its application in production、Social integration of the production process、Scale and efficiency of production means，And natural conditions, etc.。The most important of these factors is the innovation and application of science and technology。High-quality development requires high-quality workers，The most important thing in the new development concept is innovative development，Promote the transformation from Made in China to Created in China、Changing from China’s speed to China’s quality，The key is also the innovation and application of science and technology。

The importance of technological innovation and knowledge innovation in improving bet365 score productivity，Requires us to further deepen the training of scientific and technological personnel、Understanding of the role of managers in social production and value creation，Recognize and respect scientific and technological bet365 score and knowledge bet365 score。Marx focused on manual bet365 score in the field of material production in "Das Kapital"，But he also fully affirmed the mental work，Include intellectual workers among “workers in general”，Considering that the bet365 score of scientific and technical personnel and managers is also bet365 score that creates value。

In the current era of knowledge economy，The scientific and technological content of the production of various commodities is getting higher and higher，Mental bet365 score such as scientific and technological bet365 score and management bet365 score are regarded as higher-level complex bet365 score，The value created is much higher than simple bet365 score。Although science and technology itself does not create value，But workers can be better “armed”，Improve workers’ productivity，Thus creating more value。Science and technology can also make the scope of bet365 score objects wider、Better performance，Thus conducive to the improvement of bet365 score productivity。Therefore，We must fully understand the role of science and technology，Fully recognize the work of scientific and technical personnel，Match their bet365 score remuneration with their bet365 score contribution in terms of income distribution，Place vigorous development of science and technology in a more important position。Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on the future and destiny of the country as it does today，It has never had such a profound impact on people’s happiness and well-being as it does today。General Secretary Xi Jinping said: “Science and technology are the country’s weapon，The country depends on its strength，Enterprises rely on it to win，On which people’s lives depend for a better life。China must be strong，Chinese people’s life is better，Must have powerful technology。”Technological innovation activities continue to break through regions、Organization、The limits of technology，Competition evolving into an innovation system，Innovative strategic competition plays an increasingly important role in the competition for comprehensive national strength，This is the greatest revelation and warning that the bet365 score theory of value provides us。

　Second，The bet365 score theory of value requires us to deepen our understanding of the relationship between value creation and value distribution，Adhere to the basic economic system of socialism，Adhere to the development path of common prosperity。Value creation belongs to the field of production，Value distribution belongs to the distribution field。Although value creation is the premise and basis of value distribution，But value distribution does not only depend on value creation，Because of various sectors of society，Including those departments that do not directly create value but ensure or assist value creation must also participate in value distribution，For the view that whoever creates and enjoys the "out-and-out proceeds of bet365 score"，Marx has given profound criticism。Value distribution is first determined by the ownership of the means of production，Reflect certain production relations，What kind of ownership of production means，What kind of distribution relationship is there。China’s basic economic system is based on public ownership、An economic system in which multiple ownership economies develop together，Therefore, distribution according to work must be adopted as the mainstay、A value distribution form in which multiple distribution methods coexist。Public ownership requires distribution according to work，This is the background of value distribution of socialism with Chinese characteristics；The reality of the common development of multiple ownership economies also requires the adoption of a capital-based approach、Technology、Management and other distribution methods。Therefore，We must adhere to the people-centered development idea，Correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness，Initial distribution of scientific construction、Redistribution、Basic institutional arrangements for coordination and supporting of three distributions。While protecting legitimate income in accordance with the law，Actively prevent polarization、Eliminate unfair distribution，Expand the proportion of middle-income groups，Increase the income of low-income groups，Reasonably adjust high income，Clampdown on illegal income，Finally form the middle one、Olive-shaped distribution structure with small ends at both ends，Enable all people to make solid progress towards the goal of common prosperity。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on Hierarchical and Non-hierarchical Justice" (19BZX003)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Zhejiang Normal University)