The Republic of bet365 bonus code indiana is one of the richest countries on the African continent,Historically, bet365 bonus code indiana was a British colony,The capitalist system is implemented。The Communist Party was established in bet365 bonus code indiana in 1921,Originally the party’s members were white South Africans,1928 under the instructions of the Communist International,The Communist Party of bet365 bonus code indiana accepts black South Africans to join the party,Unite the oppressed people of bet365 bonus code indiana,Believe in Marxism,And regard building socialism as their goal。After World War II,The South African Communist Party has been strengthened。1950,After the white nationalists in bet365 bonus code indiana came to power,The South African Communist Party was disbanded。1953,The South African Communist Party reappeared and turned underground,Claims to represent the South African working class。Thereafter, cooperation with the African National Congress,The Freedom Charter was drawn up in 1955,The charter later became the general program of the African National Congress (hereinafter referred to as the "ANC"),It is the basis for the new South African regime to formulate a constitution。Promoted by the South African Communist Party,ANC unites other parties,launched the armed struggle against apartheid。1969,The South African Communist Party and the African National Congress have advanced the view that bet365 bonus code indiana is a "special type of colony",Believes that "national democratic revolution" must be used to break away from colonial rule,Take the road of socialism。Under the wave of anti-colonial movements in Africa,The South African authorities had to shift from traditional classical colonial rule to the flickering neo-colonial rule,Allow South African blacks to participate in politics。Until 1994,The African National Congress officially succeeded the white rule and became the independent regime of bet365 bonus code indiana。1996,ANC unites with the South African Communist Party、The South African Workers Association formed the political structure of the tripartite alliance。Political inheritance of the original system of separation of powers,Economically socialist land reform and nationalization,Ideologically guided by opposition to apartheid,Fully absorb traditional culture,Establishing fairness guided by Marxism、Justice、Ideology based on equality。
The history of socialism in bet365 bonus code indiana is closely linked to the anti-apartheid struggle in bet365 bonus code indiana。Late 19th and early 20th centuries,Under the leadership of Du Bois, a black American,Pan-Africanism set off an anti-colonial wave around the world。Nkrumah、Sekou Durr、Fanon、Cabral、Nyerere and other African leaders advocate Marxism,Raised the banner of anti-colonial struggle,Since then, the wave of anti-colonialism in Africa has surged。The South African Communist Party was also inspired by Pan-Africanism and the anti-colonial movements in African countries,Increased fighting spirit,At the forefront of the anti-colonial movement。Due to the period of British imperialism in bet365 bonus code indiana,Black people live in extreme poverty,Specifically apartheid from 1848 to 1994,Leading to great dissatisfaction among black people against the rule of the British Empire。So,During this period,The South African Communist Party and the African National Congress jointly proposed the "National Democratic Revolution" program,Aims to build an equal society,They support socialist principles,And emphasize striving to achieve this goal。The 1955 Freedom Charter clearly stated that,The "National Democratic Revolution" is the class struggle launched by the South African people to overcome deep-rooted racial inequality and poverty,To share the national wealth,Changing the fundamental nature of society,Especially race、Gender and Class Oppression,Enabling the working class to take control of the country。
The South African Communist Party insists on being guided by Leninism,Comprehensive analysis of the nature of oppressed colonial nations,Unite the working class,Advocate for democratic government,All adult citizens have the right to participate in elections to the national legislative body,Equal rights for all citizens,Regardless of race、Gender and skin color。The wealth of the nation and the heritage of all South Africans should be returned to the people,Land、Banks and industries、Underground mineral resources should be transferred to the hands of the people,Give the people control over all trade and industry,To protect the well-being of the people。The "National Democratic Revolution" includes various "de-racialization" measures,Including Science and Technology Committee、Class power and patriarchy,The "de-racialization" development strategy is to completely overthrow capitalism,Establish a new social system with the working class as the center of power。During Apartheid,The South African Communist Party and the African National Congress have been committed to the struggle for the national democratic revolution。Until 1994,The African National Congress becomes the ruling party in bet365 bonus code indiana,Began to implement a series of socialist policies。
The establishment of a new regime in bet365 bonus code indiana,Meaning that bet365 bonus code indiana’s exploration of “African socialism” has officially begun。After the ANC came to power in 1994,We are facing the alternation between the old and new regimes。In politics,The new regime needs to ensure racial equity in the executive branch、Gender and Distribution of Disability Representation。However, this series of affirmative action measures introduced a poorly conceived public sector reorganization,Sometimes covered by appointments from factional ruling parties,Often leads to very bad results。Economically,Due to the neoliberal system and capital occupying all economic institutions such as banks、Finance、Taxation, etc.,How to make them subsidiaries of state power and implement new macroeconomic policies,Many difficulties。In order to make the configuration of state machinery and policies adhere to the national democratic development agenda,Ministry group must be created、Presidential National Council、Presidential Infrastructure Construction Coordinating Committee,And facing further challenges in the local government sector。In social life,After the emergence of the new political landscape in bet365 bonus code indiana,Still facing the situation of polarization between rich and poor,Between a few rich people and the vast majority of poor people、The contradiction between rural areas and cities is very prominent,Difficult to coordinate。
After the new political structure of the tripartite alliance is formed,The South African Communist Party has become a member of bet365 bonus code indiana’s new political landscape,But because of the seats in the parliament,The African National Congress dominates bet365 bonus code indiana’s new political landscape。Exactly this situation,Making subtle changes within the South African regime,There are conflicting interests between parties that need to be coordinated。On the one hand,In the election,The South African Communist Party must ensure that the ANC wins the election,Must stand with the ANC,Support the ANC’s election platform。On the other hand,After the campaign is completed,We are faced with how to coordinate the different policy propositions of the three parties,How to promote bet365 bonus code indiana’s socialist policy by coordinating the three parties,Instead of getting stuck in the quagmire of partisan political struggle。
In the process of implementing socialist policies,The ANC agrees with the South African Communist Party’s proposition,Adopted a series of industrial nationalizations、Land redistribution policy,Strive to build a comprehensive social security system。Despite many efforts,But bet365 bonus code indiana still has a high poverty rate、Inequality and unemployment,This has led to people holding two different positions on socialist policies。Intellectuals who stand on the standpoint of capitalism think,The ANC promotes socialism in form rather than in substance。The ANC uses the socialist brand just to win the election,They grasp at the "straw" of socialism,To expand government power,Determining the future of government elections。But,Because the government uses administrative control power to intervene in the economy,Thereby destabilizing the South African economic market,Unemployment remains high,Labor laws are ostensibly intended to protect and promote the disadvantaged economic classes,But empirical research shows that when the government is more actively involved in labor regulation,Labor market outcomes will be worse。
However,The South African Communists think,Social problems in bet365 bonus code indiana need to be solved one by one by adjusting public policies,But the principle of socialism is to solve the problem of inequality,Enable the working class and poor people to have the right to democratic participation in politics,Have economic control over the means of production,No longer poor in life。With the implementation of a series of socialist policies by the new South African regime,bet365 bonus code indiana’s political and economic development has shown a gratifying momentum,Developed rapidly in the first 10 years,At that time, bet365 bonus code indiana was called the "Rainbow Nation" in the world,Joined BRIC。
The future development of socialism in bet365 bonus code indiana will depend on the position represented by the political structure of the South African Tripartite Alliance。The weakening of bet365 bonus code indiana’s democratic politics due to the neoliberal policies adopted during Mbeki’s presidency,Further centralization of state power,As a result, he was replaced by Zuma in 2007。After Zuma came to power,Still continuing the policy of the first phase,That is, to adopt decisive economic structural transformation,Deepening social reform,All elements required to realize a democratic society in a country;Implement a comprehensive social security system,Comprehensive nationalization of banks,In ownership、Implement fundamental changes in management rights and other aspects,Transition from private ownership to public ownership;Change market competition into state intervention,Emphasize social humanism over foolish materialism,Help build a lasting new human-based bet365 bonus code indiana。However,These ambitious plans are just words,Just getting votes for the ANC。By the time the ANC convenes in 2017,Public support for the ANC has declined significantly,In particular, the corruption caused by the concentration of power is intolerable to the South African people。In February 2018, Ramaphosa replaced Zuma as president of the African National Congress,Served as President of bet365 bonus code indiana。Most South Africans hope that the ANC-led government will be more pragmatic,Introduce policies that can promote further economic growth。But,Ramaphosa tried to boil the frog in warm water to slowly transfer white assets to black hands。However,No effective measures have been taken in economic structural reform,Especially in environmental protection、Industrial structure transformation、We are helpless in terms of the development of new technologies,It did not promote the rapid development of bet365 bonus code indiana as imagined。
In the post-apartheid era,Because the ANC still prefers British-style neoliberal policies in terms of political and economic reforms,Resulting in extreme poverty in South African society、Unemployment and other problems have never been solved。The implementation of the Employment Equality Act is considered to have exacerbated racial discrimination;The implementation of the Black Economic Empowerment and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act is also considered to have hindered the already smoothed out race relations,Created a culture of power,Having side effects of development,Increased the cost of doing business;Implementation of social welfare system,An increase in the number of people who have lowered their enthusiasm for work,Having resisted bet365 bonus code indiana’s economic growth。The so-called developmental state ideology lays the foundation for state capture and low-growth debt traps,Rising unemployment and poverty rates,Social cohesion is divided,The nation is on the edge of a fiscal cliff,Social problems are becoming more and more serious。For example,In 2005, a protest movement of shantytown residents represented by workers on Kennedy Road in Durban, bet365 bonus code indiana broke out,The South African workers’ strike movement broke out in August 2012,The “Destroy Rhodes” movement broke out at the University of Cape Town in 2015。All these left-wing movements are targeting the post-apartheid tripartite alliance government。At the same time,It also shows that although the socialist ideas of the South African Communist Party and the Workers' Association were supported by the African National Congress,But in the actual governance process,Failed to implement socialist policies。
A hundred years,The socialist policy promoted by the South African Communist Party has indeed achieved successful experience。The South African Socialist Road is an attempt at democratic socialism proposed by the South African Communist Party and the Workers' Association,The main achievement is that bet365 bonus code indiana got rid of the colonial rule and influence of the British Empire through the national democratic revolution and the implementation of socialist policies。At the same time,The South African Communist Party unites the African National Congress and the Workers' Association and South African left-wing party organizations,By union,Seized power from Western rulers,And advance bet365 bonus code indiana’s path to socialism through unity。
But,The socialist policies implemented by bet365 bonus code indiana’s rulers also have many problems。First,The democratic electoral system has led to the blurring of the boundaries between politics and economy,Voters tend to choose left-wing parties,Left-wing parties provide them with false promises of redistribution or more political power or less tax promises, etc.,Thus emptying the national treasury,Make the apportionable cake smaller。On the one hand, the ANC uses electoral politics to verbally promise to increase social investment,But after winning the election, he implemented neoliberal policies,Making many socialist policies difficult to implement。Second,The political structure of the tripartite alliance cannot fully represent the interests of the working class or the vast majority of poor people in bet365 bonus code indiana,Therefore administrative decision-making is less efficient,Obvious differences between each other。The ANC superficially supports the socialist principles of the Communist Party,But in fact, it represents the position of the capitalists,Therefore the problems of poverty and unemployment cannot be solved。After the closing of the 19th South African Economic Cooperation and Development Council,There are only 14 million people employed in bet365 bonus code indiana,The number of unemployed people reached 12 million。Third,bet365 bonus code indiana lags behind world development trends in economic structural transformation,Nearly ten years,The industrial changes brought about by big data and artificial intelligence have triggered rapid global development,But bet365 bonus code indiana has always been stuck in the old shrinking industries,These are against the African National Congress、Political Elite、Both unions and related companies have benefits,But it hinders the possibility of the economy developing into a new global industrial chain。
Therefore,bet365 bonus code indiana must implement socialist policies,First,The political structure of bet365 bonus code indiana’s tripartite alliance must be changed,Must be based on the standpoint of all South African people,Improve decision-making and administrative efficiency,Always make those in power represent the interests of the people,Promote a social welfare system that can stimulate economic development and labor enthusiasm。Secondly,Full promotion of people’s democracy,Outlaw electoral politics。Democracy is not just about votes,It is more important to formulate national economic development plans through democratic means,Integrating market and government regulation。Again,Adhere to the development of production as the guide,Vigorously improve productivity,Actively promote industrial transformation policy,Enable bet365 bonus code indiana to join the new global industrial chain,Intensify the development of globalization strategy。Repeat,Intensify the intensity of socialist reform,The country must control the destiny of the national economy,Instead of letting the lifeblood of the national economy be in the hands of a few capitalists。Finally,Actively build socialist values,Building an ideology based on historical materialism,Unite all South Africans,Use their enthusiasm for work、Proactivity and positivity,Contribute to the construction of socialist society in bet365 bonus code indiana。
(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major bidding project “bet365 bonus code indiana Marxism Research and Translation of Works” (22&ZD019)
(The author is a researcher at the bet365 bonus code indiana Marxism Research Center of Zhejiang Normal University)
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