The Communist Manifesto is Marx and Engels the program written by the world's first proletarian party -the Communist Alliance，Its adventure marks the birth of Marxism and the rise of the international communist movement。Although the materialist history founded by Marx and Engels has basically been formed in "German Ideology"，But the laws of human social development it revealed at that time were just a hypothesis in theoretical form，No scientific use of scientific use of comprehensive analysis of specific social forms，The Communist Declaration is the first time Marx and Engels have tried to complete this historical task for the first time。

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Marx and Engels in the "Declaration of the Communist Party" analyzed the Bet365 app download generation of bourgeoisie and the formation of capitalist society，They pointed out: "The citizens of Chengguan in the early cities were generated from the nuns of the Middle Ages;。"Late feudal society in Europe，Some serfs with free status in rural areas enter the city to engage in handling industry and commercial production，Become an early urban citizen，Some of these early citizens' club masters and businessmen relied on exploiters and apprentices to complete early capital accumulation and become capitalists，and the exploited helper and apprentices became the original employment workers，The most basic production relationship of capitalism can be established。With the development of productivity and the expansion of the market，The large industry replaced the handicraft guild and the workshop handicraft，More farmers、Small workers and landlords gradually lose production materials in market competition and become hired workers，The "intermediate class" of industrial production tends to die，Social wealth is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few large bourgeoisies。Social relations at this time are gradually simplified into two opposing classes，That is, the bourgeoisie occupying production materials and a proletariat，and a capitalist society -that is, a society where the bourgeoisie occupies the dominant status -it has formed。From the perspective of Marx and Engels，The generation of bourgeoisie and the formation of capitalist society are the inevitable results of the development of human society，Although their appearance has natural exploitation properties，But "The bourgeoisie has played a very revolutionary role in history"。

The Declaration of the Communist Party wrote: "The bourgeoisie has created the productivity created in its less than 100 years of class rule，More productivity than all the past generations created in the past，still big。"The emergence of capitalism and its production methods has significantly improved the development level bet365 best casino games of social productivity，The prosperity of the capitalist market economy has greatly promoted the modernization process of human civilization，Social relations and methods of capitalism continuously destroyed the tradition of all feudal sections，formed a new world structure，Economic、Politics、The global wave of culture is booming。According to the perspective of materialist history，The feudal ownership relationship is replaced by capitalism that is fully in line with the development law of social history，But with the development of capitalism to a certain degree，Capitalist production methods and social systems will eventually become new、More advanced social form 桎梏。The degree of socialization of capitalist production methods is greatly improved，But socialized production materials and labor products cannot be owned by workers，Instead of being held by a few capitalists，The contradiction between the private ownership and production socialization of the production data cannot be overcome，This determines that capitalist production relations must be replaced by socialist production relations。As Marx and Engels said，The production relationship and exchange relationship of the bourgeoisie，The ownership relationship of the bourgeoisie，This modern bourgeois society that used to create such a huge means of means of production and exchanges with spells，Now like a magician one by one, you can no longer dominate the devil summoned by yourself。That is to say，The emergence of capitalism is the same as its demise，All follow the same historical development law。

　Scientific interpretation of socialism

The establishment of the historical view of materialism has laid an important theoretical basis for the theory of scientific socialism，The Communist Manifesto clearly states: "The bourgeoisie not only forge a weapon that places its own deadly bet365 best casino games place; it also produces people who will use this weapon -modern workers，That is the proletarian。""，Under the employment labor system of capitalism，A large number of social wealth created by the proletariat through labor is possession of the bourgeoisie for free due to the private ownership of the means of production，The increase in labor remuneration of workers is far behind the growth rate of total social capital，Poverty of the proletariat becomes inevitable results; on the other hand,，Private ownership and employment labor system of production materials are based on the mutual competition between workers，But the process advancement brought by the capitalist production method has made the working class unite through socialized large production，The foundation of the capitalist social class is destroyed by the capitalist production method。From this，The Communist Declaration comes to "the demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat is equally inevitable" important conclusion，This is the basic point of view obtained by Marx and Engels to investigate the development of human society in the history of human society and analyze the special laws of capitalist society.。As Engels said in the "Profile of the Communist Party of the Communist Party" 1883 ":" Economic production of each era and the social structure that must be generated by it，The basis of the history of politics and spirit at that time，Therefore (since the disintegration of primitive land ownership), all history is the history of class struggle。”

The Communist Declaration pointed out directly: "Communists can summarize their theories as one sentence: eliminate private ownership"，"The first step of the working class revolution is to raise the proletariat into the ruling class，Fight for Democracy "。In their opinion，The sign of the victory of capitalism and the victory of the socialist revolution is that the proletariat obtained political power in politics，and completely eliminate private ownership，Public ownership of production data。For this，The Communist Declaration put forward the idea of ​​"two breaks": "Communist revolution is the most thorough break with the relationship between traditional ownership;，It must implement the most thorough break with traditional concepts in its own development process。"" That is to say，Only by completely eliminating private ownership can we truly establish Bet365 lotto review a socialist public ownership，Only a complete change of religion based on private ownership、Moral、Philosophy、Political legal concepts and other social consciousness，can we truly establish the new ideological and cultural concept of socialism，Productivity and production relationship、Basic contradictions between the social foundation and upper buildings not only determine the fate of capitalism，Also fundamentally restrict the development of socialism。They said: "Replace the old and bourgeois old society with class and class opposition，will be such a consortium，Where，The free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development。"" In the future new society，The proletariat will use its own political rule，Step by step to seize all the capital of the bourgeoisie，Concentrate all production tools in the hands of the proletariat of the country, that is, the country as the ruling class，and increase the total amount of productivity as fast as possible，The development of social productivity will be used to meet the material and cultural life needs of all social members，People’s freedom and comprehensive development really become the value goal of social development。

　　Scientific prediction of future society

The historical view of materialism is scientific，Because it is based on the objective facts and general laws of social history，Research on human society as an objective material body，The theoretical results of scientific verification were obtained and on this basis, scientific predictions were made for the future development of human society。From the perspective of Marx and Engels，Self -proliferation of capital constitutes the core logic of the capitalist social system，The fundamental feature of the capitalist society is the endless expansion of capital，The general establishment of capitalist production methods and capital markets has become increasingly global。That is to say，The establishment and expansion of the world market has actually become the economic basis for the continuous development of capitalism，The trend of globalization is the inevitable result of the development of capitalist society。The globalized movement with the capitalist system as the core destroys the feudal foundation of traditional society，Breaking regional history、The Barriers of the History of National History，Creating a modern civilization marked by large production，Promoting great progress bet365 best casino games of social productivity，This positive role will inevitably be absorbed by future socialist and communist society，The formation of world history will inevitably become the development trend of future society。Although they once emphasized capitalism and socialism for a time、The relationship between communism is mainly a "alternative relationship" in the first time in time，instead of the "coexistence relationship" that goes side by side in space，Even envisaging socialism or communism needs to be realized around the world，At least in multiple developed capitalist countries, it must be implemented at the same time，This is very different from today's globalization process，But the "Communist Declaration" still contains the correct historical concept of scientific predictions for future society's global integration。

First，Marx and Engels regard science and technology as a revolutionary force to promote social progress，Emphasize that the socialist revolution must vigorously develop productive forces，The huge growth of productivity and high development is an absolutely necessary actual premise for establishing a new socialist society，Because in the case of extreme poverty，Must start the struggle of the necessities。Next，Marx and Engels have always believed that the future society will implement public ownership，and planned organizational production，That is "deprived private capitalists' right to dominate all productive forces and exchanges and their right to exchange and distribute products"，"Manage all this according to the plan that has real resources and the needs of the entire society"。again，Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that socialism must not only surpass capitalism in politics，In the future, society will realize real democratic politics，and eliminate urban and rural、Agricultural Workers、Brainpower、Major social differences between physical strength，Realize common prosperity。Repeated，Marx and Engels in the "Ten Programs" proposed in the "Communist Declaration" contain the continuous changes and development of future social stages，Emphasize the transformation of old capitalist production relations、Establishing a new communist production relationship is a process，Go through many different development stages。Last，The "Two Breaks" ideas in the Communist Declaration contains the ideological Bet365 app download and cultural construction path of the new culture to cultivate new culture in the future。This series uses the proposal of the basic principles of the future society with materialist history.，The Communist Declaration is like Marx and Engels said in the German version of the German version in 1872: "The general principles explained in the" Declaration "are completely correct until now。”

　　Scientific disclosure of historical laws

Although when writing the "Communist Manifesto"，Marxist political economics criticism has not yet been completed，Marx and Engels's depth of the basic principles of the historical view of materialism cannot reach the "Capital theory" and "Family、The completeness of the origin of private ownership and the country "，But the basic content of the historical view of materialism at this time has been established，Among them, the basic principles of the historical view of materialism and class struggle also have a clear theoretical characteristics and historical value of historical analysis of human society。The Declaration of the Communist Party is mainly based on the perspective of class struggle，revealed the productivity and production relationship、Basic contradictions between the economic foundation and the upper -level buildings in the direct expression form in class society，The general law of the development of human society through the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie was scientifically explained，and the height of the basic principles of the historical view of materialism lays a solid and reliable historic foundation。It is based on the "Communist Declaration" successful attempt to scientifically verify the historical view of materialism，Marx's talent in the "Promotion of Political Economics Criticism" presents a classic discussion about the basic principles of the historical view of materialism: "People have some in their own social production、inevitable、Do not transfer the relationship with their will，That is, the production relationship that is suitable for a certain stage of development with their material productivity。The sum of these production relations constitutes the economic structure of society，That is, a realistic basis that has legal and political upper buildings erected and has a certain social conscious form to be adapted to it。The production method of material life restricts the entire social life、The process of political life and spiritual life。Not people’s consciousness determines people’s existence，On the contrary，It is Bet365 lotto review a people’s society that determines people’s consciousness。The material productive forces of society have developed to a certain stage，It is contradictory with the existing production relationship or property relationship of the existing production or property (this is only a legal term for production relationships)。So these production relations have changed from the form of productivity to the development of productivity。The era of social revolution was here。With the change of economic foundation，All the huge upper buildings will change slowly or quickly。”

　　(The author is the Dean of the Institute of Innovation and Development, Shandong Institute of Technology、Researcher of the Institute of Innovation and Development, Shandong Institute of Technology)