"The Communist Manifesto" is the program written by Marx and Engels for the Communist League, the world's first proletarian party，Its advent marked the birth of Marxism and the rise bet365 withdrawal international communist movement。Although the historical materialism founded by Marx and Engels has been basically formed in "The German Ideology"，But at that time, the law of human social development it revealed was only a hypothesis in its theoretical form，Not scientifically applied through comprehensive analysis of specific social forms，The Communist Manifesto was the first public attempt by Marx and Engels to partially complete this historical task。

　　Scientific understanding of bet365 withdrawal

Marx and Engels scientifically analyzed the emergence bet365 withdrawal bourgeoisie and the formation of capitalist society in the "Communist Manifesto"，They point out: "From the serfs bet365 withdrawal Middle Ages came the citizens bet365 withdrawal early cities；From this burgher class the first bourgeois elements developed。”In the late feudal society in Europe，Some serfs with free status in the countryside entered the city to engage in handicrafts and commercial production，Become an early city citizen，Some guild masters and merchants among these early citizens completed their early capital accumulation and became capitalists by exploiting helpers and apprentices，The exploited helpers and apprentices became the original wage workers，The most basic production relations of capitalism are established。With the development of productivity and the expansion bet365 withdrawal market，Machine industry replaced the handicraft guilds and workshops，More farmers、Small factory owners and small landowners gradually lose their means of production in market competition and become wage workers，The "middle class" of industrial production tends to die out，Social wealth is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few big bourgeoisie。Social relations at this time were gradually simplified into two opposing classes，That is, the bourgeoisie who owns the means of production and the proletariat who owns nothing，The capitalist society—that is, the society in which the bourgeoisie dominates—is formed。In the view of Marx and Engels，The emergence bet365 withdrawal bourgeoisie and the formation of capitalist society are inevitable results bet365 withdrawal development of human society，Despite the naturally exploitative nature of their appearance，But "the bourgeoisie has played a very revolutionary role in history"。

"The Communist Manifesto" writes: "The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than a hundred years of class rule，More than the total productivity created by all previous generations，Even bigger。”The emergence of capitalism and its mode of production has significantly improved the development level of social productivity，The prosperity bet365 withdrawal capitalist market economy has greatly promoted the modernization process of human civilization，Capitalist social relations and communication methods continue to destroy all traditions of feudal separatism，A new world pattern has been formed，Economic、Political、The wave of cultural globalization is booming。According to the perspective of historical materialism，The replacement of feudal ownership relations by capitalism is completely in line with the development laws of social history，But as capitalism develops to a certain extent，The capitalist mode of production and social system will eventually become new、The shackles of a higher social form。Due to the greatly improved degree of socialization bet365 withdrawal capitalist mode of production，However, the socialized means of production and labor products cannot be publicly owned by workers，But controlled by a few capitalists，The contradiction between private ownership bet365 withdrawal means of production and socialization of production has never been overcome，This determines that capitalist production relations must be replaced by socialist production relations。As Marx and Engels said，Bourgeois production relations and exchange relations，Bourgeois ownership relations，This modern bourgeois society that once seemed to have created such a huge means of production and means of exchange by magic，Now like a magician, he can no longer control the devils he summoned with his spells。In other words，The birth of capitalism is the same as its demise，all follow the same historical development rules。

　A bet365 withdrawal explanation of socialism

The creation of historical materialism laid an important theoretical foundation for the theory of scientific socialism，The "Communist Manifesto" clearly states: "The bourgeoisie not only forges weapons that kill itself；It also produced the people who would wield this weapon - the modern worker，Proletarians。”On the one hand，Under the capitalist wage labor system，A large amount of social wealth created by the proletariat through labor has been occupied by the bourgeoisie for free due to the private ownership bet365 withdrawal means of production，The increase rate of workers’ labor remuneration lags far behind the growth rate of total social capital，The impoverishment bet365 withdrawal proletariat has become an inevitable result；On the other hand，Private ownership bet365 withdrawal means of production and the wage labor system are both based on competition among workers，However, the technological progress brought by the capitalist production mode has gradually united the working class through socialized large-scale production，The foundation of class rule in capitalist society was destroyed by the capitalist mode of production。Therefore，The "Communist Manifesto" draws the important conclusion that "the destruction bet365 withdrawal bourgeoisie and the victory bet365 withdrawal proletariat are equally inevitable"，This is the basic view obtained by Marx and Engels after using historical materialism to examine the general laws bet365 withdrawal development of human society and analyze the special laws bet365 withdrawal development of capitalist society。As Engels said in the "1883 Preface to the Communist Manifesto": "The economic production of each era and the social structure that inevitably arises from it，is the foundation bet365 withdrawal political and spiritual history bet365 withdrawal era，Therefore (since the disintegration bet365 withdrawal original public ownership of land) all history is the history of class struggle。”

The "Communist Manifesto" bluntly states: "Communists can summarize their theory in one sentence: the abolition of private ownership"，“The first step in the working class revolution is to elevate the proletariat to the ruling class，Fight for democracy”。In their opinion，The symbol bet365 withdrawal demise of capitalism and the victory bet365 withdrawal socialist revolution is the political victory bet365 withdrawal proletariat，And completely eliminate private ownership in the economy，Implement public ownership of production materials。For this，The "Communist Manifesto" puts forward the idea of ​​"two ruptures": "The communist revolution is the most complete break with traditional ownership relations；No surprise，In its own development process, it must make the most complete break with traditional concepts。”That is to say，Only by completely eliminating private ownership can we truly establish socialist public ownership，Only by completely changing the past religion based on private ownership、Morality、Philosophy、Political and legal concepts and other social consciousness，In order to truly establish new ideological and cultural concepts of socialism，Productivity and production relations、The basic social contradiction between the economic base and the superstructure not only determines the fate of capitalism，It also fundamentally restricts the development of socialism。They say: "To replace the old bourgeois society with classes and class antagonisms，It will be such a union，There，Everyone’s free development is the condition for the free development of all people。”In the new society bet365 withdrawal future，The proletariat will use its political dominance，Seize all the capital bet365 withdrawal bourgeoisie step by step，Concentrate all the tools of production in the hands bet365 withdrawal state, that is, the proletariat organized as the ruling class，And increase the total amount of productivity as quickly as possible，The development of social productivity will be used to meet the material and cultural life needs of all members of society，The free and comprehensive development of human beings has truly become the value goal of social development。

　　Scientific prediction of future bet365 withdrawal

The reason why historical materialism is scientific，Precisely because it is based on the objective facts and general laws of social history，Study human society as an objective material organism，Obtained scientifically verified theoretical results and made scientific predictions about the future development of human society on this basis。In the view of Marx and Engels，The self-expansion of capital constitutes the core logic bet365 withdrawal capitalist social system，The fundamental characteristic of capitalist society is the endless expansion of capital，The widespread establishment bet365 withdrawal capitalist mode of production and capital markets around the world has increasingly turned production and consumption activities into a global one。In other words，The establishment and expansion bet365 withdrawal world market has actually become the economic basis for the continuous development of capitalism，The trend of globalization is the inevitable result bet365 withdrawal development of capitalist society。The globalization movement with the capitalist system as its core has destroyed the feudal foundation of traditional society，Breaking regional history、Barriers to communication in national history，Created a modern civilization marked by mechanized mass production，Promoted the great progress of social productivity，This positive effect will inevitably be absorbed by future socialist and communist societies，The formation of world history will inevitably become the development trend of future society。Although they once emphasized capitalism and socialism、The relationship between communism is mainly a "substitute relationship" that precedes and follows in time，Rather than a "coexistence relationship" that goes hand in hand in space，Even imagine that socialism or communism needs to be realized together around the world，At least it must be realized in multiple developed capitalist countries at the same time，This is very different from today’s globalization process，However, the scientific prediction of future social globalization in the "Communist Manifesto" still contains the correct view of history。

First，Marx and Engels regarded science and technology as a revolutionary force that promotes social progress，Emphasis on the need to vigorously develop productive forces after the victory bet365 withdrawal socialist revolution，Considers that the huge growth and high development of productive forces are the absolutely necessary practical prerequisites for establishing a new socialist society，Because of extreme poverty，The struggle for necessities must be restarted。Secondly，Marx and Engels have always believed that the future society will implement public ownership bet365 withdrawal means of production，And carry out planned organized production，That is, "deprive private capitalists of their control rights over all productive forces and means of exchange, as well as their rights to exchange and distribute products"，"Manage all this according to plans based on available resources and the needs of society as a whole"。Again，Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that socialism must not only surpass capitalism economically but also politically，The future society will realize true democratic politics，And eliminate urban and rural areas、Agricultural workers、Brain Power、Significant social differences in physical strength，Achieve common prosperity。Repeat，The "Ten Programs" proposed by Marx and Engels in the "Communist Manifesto" contain the continuous changes and development of future social stages，Emphasize the transformation of old capitalist production relations、Establishing new communist production relations is a process，Go through many different stages of development。Finally，The idea of ​​"two ruptures" in the "Communist Manifesto" contains the ideological and cultural construction path for cultivating new culture in the new society in the future。This series of proposals on the basic principles of using historical materialism to scientifically predict future society，Making the "Communist Manifesto" as Marx and Engels said in the preface to the German edition in 1872: "The general principles stated in this Manifesto are, as a whole, completely correct until now。”

　　Scientific revelation of bet365 withdrawal laws

Although when writing "The Communist Manifesto"，The critique of Marxist political economy has not yet been completed，Marx and Engels did not summarize and apply the basic principles of historical materialism as deeply as "Das Kapital" and "The Family"、The degree of completeness in Private Property and the Origin bet365 withdrawal State，But at this time the basic content of historical materialism has been established，The paradigm that combines the basic principles of historical materialism with class struggle to conduct historical analysis of human society also has distinctive theoretical characteristics and historical value。The Communist Manifesto is mainly based on the perspective of class struggle，Revealing the relationship between productivity and production、The direct manifestation bet365 withdrawal basic contradiction between the economic base and the superstructure in class society，Scientifically expounded and demonstrated the general laws bet365 withdrawal development of human society through the contradictory relationship between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie，And laid a solid and reliable historical foundation for the highly condensed basic principles of historical materialism。It is a successful attempt to scientifically verify historical materialism based on the "Communist Manifesto"，Marx only came up with a classic discussion bet365 withdrawal basic principles of historical materialism in the "Preface to the Critique of Political Economy": "People have certain changes in the social production in which they live、inevitable、A relationship that is not dependent on their will，That is, the production relations that are suitable for a certain stage of development of their material productivity。The sum of these production relations constitutes the economic structure of society，That is, there is a legal and political superstructure erected on top of it and a certain form of social consciousness that corresponds to the realistic basis。The production method of material life restricts the entire social life、The process of political life and spiritual life。It is not people’s consciousness that determines people’s existence，Opposite，It is people’s social existence that determines people’s consciousness。The material productivity of society has developed to a certain stage，It conflicts with the existing production relations or property relations (this is just the legal term for production relations) in which they have been moving。As a result, these production relations have changed from the development form of productivity to the shackles of productivity。The era of social revolution will then arrive。With the changes in the economic foundation，The entire huge superstructure is also changing slowly or quickly。”

　　(The author is the dean bet365 withdrawal Marxist Innovation and Development Institute of Shandong University of Technology、Professor；Researcher at the Marxist Innovation and Development Institute of Shandong University of Technology)