May 17, 2016，General Secretary Xi Jinping hosted a symposium on the work of philosophy and social sciences and delivered an important speech。Speaking science answers a series of major theories and practical questions faced by Chinese philosophy and social sciences，clearly proposed to accelerate the construction of a subject system with Chinese characteristics and social sciences、Academic System、Major judgments and strategic tasks of discourse system，It is a programmatic literature that guides the prosperity and development of Chinese philosophy and social sciences in the new era。April 25, 2022，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when inspected Renmin University of China，"Accelerate the construction of Chinese characteristics philosophy and social sciences，In the final analysis, it is the knowledge system that constructs China's independent knowledge "，The inner connection between building the construction of the "Three Systems" and "China Autonomous Knowledge System"，Further to speed up the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics in the new era。For seven years，my country's philosophy and social science workers have actively explored the construction of the "three major systems" and "independent knowledge system"，Great results have been achieved，But overall，Compared with the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping，Compared with the expectations of the party and the country，There is still a large gap。How to guide Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era，In -depth explanation of major theories and practical problems of Chinese -style modernization、Build China's independent knowledge system，Still is still a major and urgent task faced by Chinese philosophy and social science workers at present and in the future。

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With the transformation of history to world history，Any nation will inevitably be thrown into the modern process of Westernization。Capital and the country 媾，Established the dominance of capital globally，and the backward nation is forced to integrate this "new world" in accordance with the requirements and appearance of capital。So，Bloody from Western soil、Dirty way of growing up capital logic，Dirty way of growing up capital logic，It is also used worldwide as a kind of "universal light" and "special Ether Ether" into backward countries and nations。So，The "special" development path that is compatible with the "one" of capital、Economic and Political System、World View、Value、Civilization Expenses、International order、Philosophy paradigm, etc.，It is exaggerated to be a kind of four seas and even the only correct standard，Created the narrative myth of "modernization = Westernization"。From the perspective of history，This kind of Western centralist discourse system is an objective result of the historical development of the world under capital: it is the same as the capital logic，Deep rooted like a bone gangrene，Become people observing the world for a long time、Look at history、Evaluate the dominant scale of backward nation -states，Instead of establishing the West as the starting point for writing world history。

Facing the modern rolling torrent，The Chinese nation is also involved in the history of the world like other nations。So，Can passive involvement achieve modernization? History has given the answer: Never!，But this does not mean that every nation country must follow Western modernization roads。To grasp the historical origin and development logic of Chinese -style modernization，Starting from China's own autonomy and "special logic of special objects"，instead of starting from the so -called universal abstraction principles and external Western models。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Solve the problem of China，Chinese solution to solve human problems，To adhere to the Chinese worldview、Method Theory。If there is no analysis, we will dedicate foreign academic thoughts and academic methods as a Guiyi，Everything uses this as the criterion，Then there is no originality to speak。”

First，Overall as the generated process。"China" as "China" is not a static metaphysical concept，It Bet365 app download is not a fixed thing once it is generated，Instead, the process of the flowing of flow。It shows the reality of "China" in its own movement as the inevitability of China's own movement，Not only reflects the general law of historical development，It also shows that China as "special logic for special objects"。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Many people in the West are accustomed to seeing China as a modern nation country in the field of modernization of Western modernization，China does not look at China from the perspective of the history of civilization for more than 5,000 years，This is difficult to truly understand the past of China、Now、Future。The research of the origin of Chinese civilization is closely integrated with major issues such as Chinese civilization characteristics and forms，In -depth research and interpretation of the development of the Chinese nation's community showing the development of the Chinese nation's community and the Chinese nation's diverse evolution pattern。"If the modern nation country in the West is the reference，It is impossible to understand "The Development of the Chinese Nation Community Development Road and the Pseudo -Evolution of the Chinese Nation"，Grasp the independent logic of the evolution of traditional China;，It will inevitably understand traditional China as stagnation; if the western market economy is the scale，It is impossible to understand the essential attributes and special logic of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics; if Western philosophy is standard，Naturally, there will be a conclusion of "China without philosophy"; so, etc.。"China" in this context is just a false "mirror image" projected by the modern western "magic mirror"，"China" based on the external standards，instead of the real historical generation "China"。In other words，There is no kind of eternal metaphysics about "China"，Not to impose the external standards of the West to China。On the contrary，Only autonomy based on Chinese practice，can really discover the special logic generated by "China" itself。

Next，Overall as a history and structure。China is the past、Continuous overall and the future，It is necessary to understand the evolution of Chinese history from staged and overall dialectics。On the one hand，To accurately grasp the basic features of each stage、Main contradictions、Core task and inner logic，Then clarify the historical laws and internal mechanisms of Chinese social evolution at different stages。On the other hand，To accurately grasp the continuity and break between different stages，From the overall height and complete grasp of the evolution law of Chinese history。Same，China is the economy、Politics、Society、Culture and other structures，It is also necessary to understand the dialectical relationship between the local changes of China and the overall change from the laws of metamorphic changes in the structure of the structure，Political Revolution from China、Economic Revolution、Social Revolution、Cultural changes and other comprehensive revolutions to understand China's overall evolution。More importantly，China itself is the overall history and structure，To change from the world、Changes in the era、Change of history、Structure changes to know the changes of China。Only guided by the historical view of materialism，Adhere to the system concept，"Use universal contact、Comprehensive system、Views of development and changes Observation things，Only to grasp the development of things "，That is, through in -depth research on Chinese history and social reality，Discover the change of the Chinese stage、The historical laws and internal mechanisms of the change of structure and the overall change，can the abstract universality into specific universality，can better understand China。

Last，As an autonomous practice overall。From Marx's view，The capitalist system originated in Western Europe and it is not accidental，but a comprehensive product of long -term evolution and development of social historical conditions，The most important foundation is "Civil Society" and German -style ownership。Marx thinks，"Civil Society" in the sense of Hegel，is the separation from the political state、Civil society composed of atomic individuals，"Only in the Christian world can be bet365 Play online games completed"; then through the original accumulation，Finally, the capitalist private ownership based on possession，Completed the evolution from civic society to bourgeois society to capitalist production methods，constructed capital -dominated modern Western civilization。Compared with Western society，China is in production method、All aspects of ownership and cultural traditions all have clear self -attributes，Social evolution at different stages shows its own autonomy and particularity。The traditional Chinese farming production method and the Chinese civilization bred on this basis，Different production methods in Western Europe、Christian culture and "citizen" ethics; traditional Chinese and ethical society based on the basis of local and blood，Different from the city -state countries in ancient Greece and the medieval society in Western Europe，It is also different from the "civic society" in modern West。The transformation of China from traditional society to modern society is also completely different from Western development logic。China's new democraticism -the road of socialist revolution is neither the result of the principalistism，It is not a simple transplant for the experience of the Russian revolution，Instead, it is the independent revolutionary path that is gradually explored under the guidance of Marxism; the reform of the socialist market economy system is not a copy of the Western market economy，Instead, it is a major pioneering lobby with vitality from the Chinese soil。The great social change of contemporary China，Especially the great changes in the ten years of the new era，Not the mother version of my country's history and culture，Not a template that is not simply applied by the classic Marxist writer，Not the reprinting of socialist practice in other countries，Not a copy of foreign modernization，but the autonomous practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics、The inevitable result of independent development。

This means，If we do not change the metaphysical thinking of China、Do not change the principle of abstraction and external reflection paradigm under Western leaders、The independent logic of the reality of Chinese society is not revealed，Attempting to establish an autonomous knowledge system with Chinese characteristics is a empty story。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，my country's philosophy and social science should take what we are doing as the center，Digging new materials from the practice of reform and development in my country、I found new problems、Put forward a new point of view、Build a new theory，A system summary of the experience of strengthening the practice of reform and opening up and socialist modernization，Strengthen the development of a socialist market economy、Democratic politics、Advanced Culture、Harmonious Society、Analysis and Studies in the fields of ecological civilization and the construction of the party's governance，Research and interpretation of the new ideas and new ideas of the party's new ideas for governing the country and the country，Refine new theory with academic nature，Summarize a regular new practice。This is the focus of building a social sciences with Chinese characteristics、Key points。All engraved boats seeking sword、Draw a tiger in the cat、Moving hard set、The practice of drawing gourds according to the same is unparalleled。

　　Taking "the World" as the scale: Chinese practice in the historical field of the world

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Emphasizing nationality is not to exclude the academic research results of other countries，Instead of comparing、Comparison、Critical、absorption、Based on the sublimation，Makes nationality more in line with the development requirements of contemporary China and today's world，The more national, the more the world is。Solve national problems，There is a stronger ability to solve worldwide problems; summarize Chinese practice，There is a stronger ability to provide ideas and methods to solve worldwide problems。This is the development law from special to universal。"" China "as the starting point，Emphasize the autonomy of Chinese practice，It does not mean that China talks about China，Otherwise, it is a narrow "specialist"。On the contrary，Only rising to world historical height，Taking "World" and "World" as the scale，Only in order to truly grasp the essential differences bet365 live casino games between the development of the development and evolution of China and other nation -states。This，The autonomy of Chinese practice can be sublimated to real autonomy，The particularity of Chinese practice can be sublimated to the particularity containing universality。More importantly，Only rising to world historical height，Only general understanding of universal significance can be discovered from specialty，Then it provides ideas and methods for solving global issues。

First，Diversity of historical development roads。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "There are no specific development models in the world in the world，There is no static development road。Diversity of historical conditions，Determined the diversity of countries to choose the road of development。"Facing the universal task of modernization，Due to specific national conditions、Differences in historical endowments and cultural traditions，It determines that the choice of the modernization road must be diverse。Taking "World" and "World" as the scale，It is to surpass the narrow vision of nationalism and nationalism，China、Western European countries、The United States and other nation -states are restored as part of the multi -world，Looking at the development path of various countries equally，instead of using Europe and the United States as the "mother" of the world to "reflect" other countries。Western "Civil Society" and Western modernization roads are just "special" roads growing in specific soils in the West，Exaggerate it as a general road that is allowed to be in four seas，The error of Western centralism and "universalism" is made! same，China's road is also a specific road that grows in China's soil，If the road is in turn, it is considered that the Chinese road is just a "individual"，Then make a narrow "specialist" error! Both "universalism" and "specialism" are metaphysical thinking paradigms，We must resolutely reject!

Next，The essential differences between China Road and Western Road。To summarize Chinese practice，It is necessary to get rid of the narrative paradigm of "universalism" and "specialism"，Start with the dialectical relationship of universal and special.，Not only should we understand the special nature of Chinese practice based on universality，It is also necessary to discover general cognition with universal significance from the particularity of China。As a modernization of a post -developed country，Chinese -style modernization not only has a clear Chinese gene，It also fully absorbed the successful experience of Western modernization，even abandoned the internal disadvantages of the modernization of Western modernization，It provides general experience and Chinese solution that is worth learning from the worldwide problems faced by humans。Western capitalism is based on atomic individuals and civic society，and Chinese society has never experienced an independent civic society in the Western sense。I am rather，The modern transformation of Chinese society is so different、Such success，One of the important reasons is that China exactly eliminates the possibility of "civic society" in the West。Capitalism follows the development concept of private ownership -capital -centered，Capital leads people and nature、People and people、People and society、Country and Politics、Civilization and values、Construction logic in cultural and ideological aspects; and China follows the public ownership as the main body、The people -centered development concept，It is based on the control and abandonment of traditional capital logic。The evolutionary logic of modern western society is "Personal -Civil Society -National State"，The international order formed by this must be the weak meat and strong food between the nation -state; and China follows the cognitive logic of "home -country -world"，Promote "watch the world with the world"，Beyond Western nationalism -the narrow vision of nationalism，Actively promote the construction of a community of human destiny。Western modernization allows nature to succeed in the proliferation logic of capital，leading to increasingly serious environmental pollution and ecological crises; while Chinese -style modernization emphasizes the harmony of man and nature，For the production method、Lifetime、Wealth production、Economic Development、Modern Road, etc. injected green and ecological dimensions。Western civilization based bet365 best casino games on capital pursues a single civilization，It will inevitably lead to a civilized conflict; while China emphasizes "harmony and difference"，Actively promote civilized exchange and mutual learning，Chinese Ming Dynasty in China has never existed in a single number，Instead of completion of symbiosis。That's for this，"The unique worldview contained in Chinese -style modernization、Value、History view、Civilization Expenses、Democratic、Ecological concept, etc. and its great practice，It is a major innovation of world modernization theory and practice "。

Last，The development law of world history。Capital created world history，But the world history under capital is by no means the final form of world history，Due to its own internal contradictions that cannot be overcome，Capital modernity will inevitably be replaced by a higher modernity。Those countries that have been forced to be involved in the history of the world will not always be passive，The continuous evolution of the contradiction between the capitalist world system，A backward country will break through the restraint of the capitalist world system，Acting for the era mission given by world history，Transforming into the real subject of world history。The world today is in a big change in a hundred years，The modernity dominated by capital has fully exposed its fundamental defects，and Marx's new modernity of the year is also becoming a reality step by step。Chinese -style modernization not only means that China will become a modern country，It means that China is going to become an English、De、Method、Different modern countries，This is a new modernity that is different from capital modernity。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Chinese -style modernization，Deep rooted in the excellent traditional culture of China，Advanced essence of scientific socialism，Buddy reference to absorb all the achievements of human excellent civilization，Development direction of the progress of human civilization，shows a new picture different from the modern model of the West，Is a new human civilization form。Chinese -style modernization，Breaking the myth of 'modernization = Westernization'，Demonstrate another modern picture，Expand the path selection of developing countries to modernize，It provides a Chinese solution for the exploration of human beings for a better social system。"Chinese -style modernization has overflowed with the framework of Western capitalist modernity，Discard of the entire capitalist world system，Therefore, it represents a new form of human civilization that is different from the West。That's for this，Chinese -style modernization truly reflects the development direction of the trend of the times and the world trend，represents the development direction of the progress of human civilization。With the continuous evolution of the world's hundred -year -old change，A new pattern that breaks through the capitalist world system will be coming，And it will inevitably come! This is an irresistible development of the world's historical movement、Unveiled inevitable results。

　　Based on practice: Build China's independent knowledge system

Real philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To launch an original research results，It is necessary to start from the actual situation of our country，Perspective of Persistence、History's point of view、Dialectical perspective、​​Development view，Know the truth in practice、Test truth、Development Truth。"Philosophy research must see the world trend、Grasp the spirit of the times、Reality in the cut，Effective answers to the question of China、World Question、The people's question、Question of Times。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "History indicates，The era of social changes，It must be the era of great development of philosophy and social sciences。Contemporary China is experiencing the most extensive and profound social change in our country's history，It is also the most magnificent and unique practical innovation in human history。This great practice of no ancient people，It will be created for theory、Academic prosperity provides strong motivation and broad space。"" Only grasp the era、Reality、Pulse Question，can really bloom a splendid theoretical flower in the fertile practical soil。

First，The specificization of the historical view of materialism。To grasp Chinese practice and its autonomy，It is not enough to stay at the principle Bet365 lotto review of abstract abstract。"Principles are not the starting point of research。"" The "Youth School" for Marxism in the late 19th century，Engels sincerely warned: "Our historical outlook is first of all the guidelines for research ... we must re -study all history，It is necessary to study the conditions of various social forms in detail。"" For young scholars in Chinese Marxist today，Engels’s warning is still the top。Mastering the basic principle of Marxism is just the first step，Of course it is also a key step，What kind of "doctrine" is used、Which method observes reality，What kind of conclusion will you draw。but but，Just stay at the principle level，It is impossible to truly promote the development of Marxist philosophy。We must adhere to the basic principle of Marxism，Persist in the world view and methodology of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era，Facing Chinese reality and practice，Carry out solid investigation and research and historical research，Convert the abstract universality into the specific universality of Chinese society，Scientific grasp of the established subject, that is, the essential provisions of the reality of contemporary Chinese society and its inevitability，Only in order to really promote the positive innovation of Marxist philosophy in Chinese practice。From this perspective，Contemporary Chinese Marxist young scholars must not only learn Marxism and Sinicization Marxism，Learn to understand Xi Jinping's new era of socialist thought with Chinese characteristics，More importantly, the use of worldview and methodology through it to study Chinese reality and Chinese practice。"This field is infinitely vast，Who is willing to work seriously，Who can make many results，can be super outstanding。”

Next，Theoreticalization of special experience。Needless doubt，Adam Smith's "National Wealth Theory" and Li Jiatu's "Principles of Political Economics and Taxation" are the theoretical crystals of modern British roads and practical experience。The Principles of Law Philosophy reflects the reflection of the philosophy of Western modernity in the unique way of the German nation，The evolution logic of the Western European "civic society" was displayed in idealism，and based on the German context expressed a German national logic that is different from British and French modernization。These works summarize the theory of "civic society" practice in Western Europe from different perspectives，or a one -sided and profound theoretical sublimation of the road of British Germany，To some extent, it shows the general trend of that era and world history，It also expresses the special demands of the British and German ruling classes，For the later Western modernization practice、Social thought tide and world history have had a profound impact。Although these theories still have inevitable internal defects，But we cannot deny the huge influence of them in world history and its theoretical spectrum。On the basis of reflecting on Western practice and these theories，Marx created "Capital"，reveals the historical nature of Western modernization centered on capital、Development rules and inevitable trends，and the height of the world's history, the historical judgment of Western modernization，The possibility of a new modern and human civilization is demonstrated、Reality and inevitability。Now，This new type of modernization and human civilization is becoming a reality step by step in China。So，How to summarize the practical experience of Chinese -style modernization in theory，Build an independent knowledge system in China? We must be guided by the latest achievements of the history of materialism and the Chineseization of Marxism.，Strengthening specific research on Chinese social practice，Must be fully used in theoretical thinking and abstraction，Beyond experience and external phenomenon，Forms the essence of the development mechanism of Chinese social development、A inevitable science abstraction，Then rises to a specific method by abstraction，The specific logic of reproducing the development of Chinese society in thinking。For example，From the development and evolution of socialist production methods based on the Asian production method to the public ownership, and its essential differences between the surplus value of capitalist value of the vital ownership and Bet365 app download private ownership，The evolutionary mechanism from traditional ethical society to modern socialist society and the essential differences between the evolution of western civic society -capitalist social forms，China's "Home -Country -World" logic and the essential difference between the evolutionary logic of the Western "Personal -Civil Society -National State"，The essential differences between China's land ownership and the evolution mechanism of western land ownership，China's economic development logic, especially the essential differences bet365 live casino games between the development logic of socialist market economy and the evolution of Western capitalist economy，The Chinese excellent traditional culture and the socialist core value system under the guidance of Marxism and the western "civic society" and privately -owned bourgeois values ​​under the guidance of Marxism and the differences in the western "civic society" and the western "civic society" and privately -owned bourgeois values，etc.。Only through this in -depth system of practice，Beyond the phenomenon，Dama and essential regulations，can form a generalization summary and theoretical construction of Chinese practice，Then created the Chinese version of "National Wealth Theory", "Capital Theory", etc.，Only to fully build China's independent knowledge system and theoretical paradigm。

Last，Further enrich the "Three Laws"。The five major social forms theories of Marxistism are just a scientific abstraction based on the general evolution form of human society，We must not interpret the five major social forms theory as a linear mode for the development of human society，Not to mention that any nation -state must develop one after the other in accordance with the logic of the five major forms，This turns this scientific abstraction into a linear mode and rigid dogma。China's transformation certificate from traditional society to modern society，As long as the historical conditions are available，A back -behind country can cross the "civic society" stage and capitalist production relationship，Become a new starting point for future social development。Certificate of formation of Chinese -style modern roads，Laying countries only need to find the country's national conditions、Conform to the world trend、Autonomous road that meets the wishes of the people，can realize the gorgeous turn of society，You can play an increasingly important role on the world stage。Historical materialism believes，The specific historical law is based on people’s historical activities，Therefore, its specific existence and actual performance will inevitably change with the changes in human historical conditions。With the modernization of Chinese -style modernization, it plays an increasingly important role on the world stage，The development law of world history and modernization of human society will inevitably show the great power of Chinese practice and Chinese theoretical paradigm。

　(The author is a researcher at Nanjing University Base, the Socialist Thought Research Center of Chinese characteristics in the new era of Xi Jinping in Jiangsu Province)