May 17, 2016，General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over a symposium on philosophy and social sciences and delivered an important speech。The speech scientifically answered a series of major theoretical and practical issues facing my country's philosophy and social sciences，Clearly proposed to accelerate the construction of a discipline system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics、Academic System、Major conclusions and strategic tasks bet365 mobile discourse system，is a programmatic document that guides the prosperity and development of my country’s philosophy and social sciences in the new era。April 25, 2022，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection at Renmin University of China，“Accelerate the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics，In the final analysis, it is to build China’s independent knowledge system”，Elucidates the intrinsic relationship between the construction of "three major systems" and "China's independent knowledge system"，further points out the direction for accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics in the new era。Seven years，my country’s philosophy and social science workers have actively explored the construction of “three major systems” and “autonomous knowledge systems”，Achieved significant results，But generally speaking，Compared with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s requirements，Compared with the expectations bet365 mobile party and the country，There is still a big gap。How to be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era，In-depth analysis of major theoretical and practical issues in Chinese-style modernization、Building China’s independent knowledge system，It is still a major and urgent task faced by our country’s philosophy and social science workers at present and in the future。

　　Taking “China” as the starting point: Social practice oriented towards bet365 mobile independence

With the transformation of history into world history，Every nation will inevitably be thrown into the modern process of Westernization。Capital and the state negotiate with each other，Establishing the ruling logic of capital on a global scale，The backward nations are forced to integrate into this "new world" according to the requirements and appearance of capital。So，From the soil bet365 mobile West with blood、The logic of capital growing up in a dirty way，Not only achieved absolute dominance in the Western world，is also imposed on backward countries and nations around the world as a "universal light" and "special ether"。So，The "special" development path that is compatible with the "one" of capital、Economic and political system、World view、Values、Civilization View、International order、Philosophical paradigm, etc.，Exaggerated to be a universal or even the only correct rule，Created the narrative myth of “modernization = Westernization”。From a historical perspective，This Western-centered discourse system is the objective result of world historical development dominated by capital: it and the logic of capital are mutually exclusive，As deep-rooted as gangrene in the bones，Being a person observing the world over a long period of time、Looking at history、The dominant yardstick for evaluating backward nation-states，And then ahistorically establishes the West as the starting point for writing world history。

Facing the rolling torrent of modernization，The bet365 mobile nation is also involved in world history like other nations。Then，Can modernization be achieved through passive involvement？History has eloquently given the answer: absolutely impossible！Does this mean that China must follow the path of Western modernization？History has also eloquently given the answer: there is no inevitable connection between the two！The formation and development of world history have indeed highlighted modernization as a universal destiny that every nation-state must face，But this does not mean that every nation-state must follow the path of Western modernization。We must grasp the historical origin and development logic of bet365 mobile-style modernization，We must start from China’s own autonomy and the “special logic of special objects”，Instead of starting from the so-called universal abstract principles and external Western models。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Solving China’s problems，Propose bet365 mobile solutions to human problems，We must adhere to the bet365 mobile worldview、Methodology。If you regard foreign academic ideas and academic methods as the norm without analysis，This is the criterion for everything，Then there is no originality at all。”

First，Process population as generation。“China” as “China” is not a static metaphysical concept，It is not something that is fixed once it is created，It is a flowing and generated process as a whole。In its own movement, it shows the reality of "China" as the inevitability of China's own movement，Not only reflects the general laws of historical development，It further highlights China’s “special logic as a special object”。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Many people in the West are accustomed to seeing China as a modern nation-state in the perspective of Western modernization theory，Not looking at China from the perspective of more than 5,000 years of civilization history，This makes it difficult to truly understand China’s past、Now、Future。We must closely integrate the study bet365 mobile origin of Chinese civilization with the study of major issues such as the characteristics and form of Chinese civilization，In-depth study and interpretation bet365 mobile development direction bet365 mobile Chinese nation’s community as revealed by the origin of Chinese civilization and the evolution pattern bet365 mobile pluralism and unity bet365 mobile Chinese nation。”If we take modern Western nation-states as a reference，It is impossible to understand “the development direction bet365 mobile Chinese nation’s community and the evolution pattern bet365 mobile pluralistic unity bet365 mobile Chinese nation”，Grasp the independent logic bet365 mobile evolution of traditional China；If we take modern Western civil society as a reference，It is inevitable to understand traditional China as stagnant；If we take the Western market economy as a criterion，It is impossible to understand the essential attributes and special logic bet365 mobile socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics；If we take Western philosophy as the standard，It is natural to conclude that “China has no philosophy”；And so on。"China" in this context is just a false "mirror image" projected by the "magic mirror" bet365 mobile modern West，It is “China” imagined based on external standards，Instead bet365 mobile "China" that actually happened in history。In other words，There is no eternal metaphysics about "China"，Let alone impose Western external standards on China。Opposite，Only autonomy based on Chinese practice，Only in this way can we truly discover the special logic generated by "China"。

Next，As a totality of history and structure。China is the past、Continuous population of present and future，China’s historical evolution must be understood from the dialectical relationship between stages and integrity。On the one hand，We must accurately grasp the basic characteristics of each stage、Main contradiction、Core tasks and internal logic，Then clarify the historical laws and internal mechanisms of Chinese social evolution at different stages。On the other hand，We must accurately grasp the continuity and discontinuity between different stages，Comprehensive grasp bet365 mobile evolution of Chinese history from a holistic perspective。Same，China is the economy、Politics、Society、The overall structure of culture，We must also understand the dialectical relationship between local changes and overall changes in China from the laws of quantitative and qualitative changes in structure，From China’s Political Revolution、Economic Revolution、Social Revolution、Cultural changes and other comprehensive revolutions to understand the overall evolution of China。What’s more important，China itself is the totality of history and structure，To change from the world、Changing times、Changes in history、Understanding China’s changes through structural changes。Only guided by historical materialism，Adhere to the system concept，"Using universal connections、Comprehensive and systematic、Observe things from the perspective of development and change，Only by grasping the laws of development of things”，That is, through in-depth research on Chinese history and social reality，Discovering the changes in China’s stage、The historical laws and internal mechanisms of structural changes and overall changes，In order to transform abstract universality into concrete universality，In order to better understand China。

　Finally，As an autonomous practical totality。In Marx’s view，It is not accidental that the capitalist system originated in Western Europe，It is a comprehensive product bet365 mobile long-term evolution and development of social and historical conditions，The most important foundation is "civil society" and Germanic ownership。Marx believes，“Civil society” in the Hegelian sense，That is, separated from the political country、Civil society composed of atomic individuals，“It can only be done in Christendom”；Then through primitive accumulation，Finally established capitalist private ownership based on possession，Completed the evolution from civil society to bourgeois society and then to the capitalist mode of production，Constructed modern Western civilization dominated by capital。Compared to Western society，China’s production methods、Have distinct self-attributes in terms of ownership and cultural traditions，Social evolution at different stages demonstrates its own autonomy and particularity。Traditional Chinese farming production methods and the Chinese civilization bred on this basis，Different production methods from Western Europe、Christian culture and “civic” ethics；Traditional China’s patriarchal society and ethical society based on hometown and bloodline，It is different from the city-states of ancient Greece and the medieval society of Western Europe，It is also different from the modern “civil society” in the West。China’s transformation from traditional society to modern society is completely different from Western development logic。China’s new democratic-socialist revolutionary path is neither the result of bookism，It is not a simple transplantation bet365 mobile Russian revolutionary experience，It is an independent revolutionary path gradually explored under the guidance of Marxism；The reform bet365 mobile socialist market economic system is not a copy bet365 mobile Western market economy，It is a major initiative full of vitality that grew out of Chinese soil。The great social changes in contemporary China，Especially the great changes in the ten years bet365 mobile new era，It is not the master that simply continues our country’s history and culture，Not simply applying the template envisioned by classic Marxist writers，Not a reprint of socialist practices in other countries，It is not a replica of foreign modernization development，It is the independent practice bet365 mobile path of socialism with Chinese characteristics、The inevitable result of independent development。

This means，If we don’t change our metaphysical thinking about China、Do not change the abstract principles and external reflection paradigm dominated by the West、Not to reveal the independent logic bet365 mobile actual evolution of Chinese society，Attempting to establish an independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics is empty talk。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，Our country’s philosophy and social sciences should center on what we are doing，Discover new materials from the practice of my country’s reform and development、New problem found、Propose new perspectives、Constructing a new theory，Strengthen the systematic summary of practical experience in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization，Strengthening the development of socialist market economy、Democratic Politics、Advanced Culture、Harmonious Society、Analytical research in the fields of ecological civilization and the party’s governance capacity building，Strengthen the research and interpretation bet365 mobile Party Central Committee’s new concepts, new thoughts and new strategies in governance，Refining a new theory of learning and rationality，Outline new practices with regularity。This is the focus of building philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics、Focus。Everything needs a sword、Photographing a cat and painting a tiger、Copying it mechanically、It’s useless to follow the same pattern。

　　Taking "Tianxia" as the Measure: China's Practice in the Perspective of bet365 mobile History

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Emphasizing nationality does not mean to exclude the academic research results of other countries，But compare、Contrast、Criticism、Absorb、Based on sublimation，Make the national character more in line with the development requirements of contemporary China and the bet365 mobile，The more national, the more global。Solve national issues，You will have greater ability to solve bet365 mobile problems；Summary China’s practice，You will have greater ability to provide ideas and methods for solving bet365 mobile problems。This is the law of development from particularity to universality。”Taking “China” as the starting point，Emphasis on the autonomy of China’s practice，It does not mean talking about China about China，Otherwise it is narrow "particularism"。Opposite，Only by rising to the height of bet365 mobile history，Taking "tianxia" and "bet365 mobile" as the standard，Only in this way can we truly grasp the essential differences in the development and evolution logic between China and other nation-states。This way，Only when China’s practical autonomy can be sublimated into true autonomy，Only the particularity of China’s practice can be sublimated into the particularity that encompasses universality。What’s more important，Only by rising to the height of bet365 mobile history，Only by discovering the general understanding of universal significance from the particularity，Thereby providing reference ideas and methods for solving global problems。

First，Diversity of historical development paths。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “There is no specific development model that is universally applicable，There is no fixed development path。Diversity of historical conditions，Determines the diversity of development paths chosen by countries。”Facing the universal tasks of modernization，Due to specific national conditions、Differences in historical endowments and cultural traditions，Decided that each country must have diverse choices in the path to modernization。Taking "tianxia" and "world" as the standard，It is to transcend the narrow vision of nationalism and statism，Put China、Western European countries、The United States and other nation-states are restored to components of a pluralistic world，View the development paths of each country equally，Instead of using Europe and the United States as the "mother body" bet365 mobile world to forcefully "reflect" on other countries。Western “civil society” and the Western modernization path are nothing but “special” paths growing in the specific soil bet365 mobile West，Exaggerate it into a general path that applies to everyone，We have committed the mistakes of Western centralism and "universalism"！Same，Chinese roads are also specific roads grown in Chinese soil，If you think that China’s road is just an “exception”，That would be the mistake of narrow "particularism"！“Universalism” and “particularism” are both metaphysical thinking paradigms，We must resolutely reject it！

Next，The essential difference between the Chinese road and the Western road。To summarize China’s practice，We must get rid bet365 mobile narrative paradigm of "universalism" and "particularism"，Start with the dialectical relationship between universality and particularity，We must not only understand the particularity of Chinese practice based on universality，It is more important to discover general cognition of universal significance from the particularity of China。Modernization as a late-developing country，Chinese-style modernization not only has distinctive Chinese genes，Also fully absorb and learn from the successful experience of Western modernization，It also abandons the inherent shortcomings of Western modernization，Provides more general experience and Chinese solutions worth learning from to solve the global problems faced by mankind。Western capitalism is based on atomic individuals and civil society，Chinese society has never experienced an independent civil society stage in the Western sense。Rather，The reason why the modern transformation of Chinese society is so different、So successful，One bet365 mobile important reasons is that China has eliminated the possibility of Western "civil society"。Capitalism follows the development concept centered on private ownership and capital，Capital dominates man and nature、People and people、People and society、State and Politics、Civilization and values、The construction logic of culture and ideology；China follows public ownership as the main body、People-centered development concept，It is based on the control and sublation of traditional capital logic。The evolutionary logic of modern Western society is "individual - civil society - nation-state"，The international order formed by this will inevitably be a competition between the weak and the strong among nation-states；China follows the cognitive logic of "family-country-world"，Advocate "view the world from the perspective bet365 mobile world"，Beyond the narrow vision of Western nationalism-statism，Actively promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind。Western modernization has made nature succumb to the growth logic of capital，Leading to increasingly serious environmental pollution and ecological crisis；Chinese-style modernization emphasizes the harmonious coexistence between man and nature，is the production method、Lifestyle、Wealth Production、Economic Development、Modern roads, etc. are injected with green and ecological dimensions。Western civilization based on capital pursues singular civilization，It will inevitably lead to a clash of civilizations；China emphasizes "harmony without uniformity"，Actively promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations，In China’s perspective, civilization has never existed in the singular，But the plural existence of symbiosis。For that matter，“The unique world view contained in Chinese-style modernization、Values、Historical View、Civilization View、View of democracy、Ecological views and their great practices，It is a major innovation in the theory and practice of world modernization”。

　Finally，The law of development of world history。Capital creates world history，But world history dominated by capital is by no means the final form of world history，Due to its own insurmountable internal contradiction，Capital modernity will inevitably be replaced by a higher modernity。Those backward countries that are forced to be involved in world history will not always remain passive，With the continuous evolution of contradictions in the capitalist world system，Backward countries will break the shackles bet365 mobile capitalist world system，Assume the mission bet365 mobile times given by world history，Transformed into the real subject of world history。The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century，Capital-led modernity has fully exposed its fundamental flaws，And the new modernity predicted by Marx is gradually becoming a reality。Chinese-style modernization not only means that China will become a modern country，It also means that China will become a country with Britain、Germany、法、Different modern countries in the United States，This is a new modernity different from capital modernity。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese-style modernization，Deeply rooted in China’s excellent traditional culture，Embodying the advanced nature of scientific socialism，Learn from and absorb all the outstanding achievements of human civilization，Represents the development direction of human civilization progress，Shows a new picture that is different from the Western modernization model，It is a brand new form of human civilization。Chinese-style modernization，Breaking the myth of ‘modernization = Westernization’，Shows another picture of modernization，Expanding the path options for developing countries to modernize，Provides Chinese solutions for mankind’s exploration of better social systems。”Chinese-style modernization has overflowed the framework of Western capitalist modernity，It is the sublation bet365 mobile entire capitalist world system，Thus represents a new form of human civilization that is different from the West。For that matter，Chinese-style modernization truly reflects the general trend bet365 mobile times and the development direction bet365 mobile world trend，Represents the development direction of human civilization progress。As the world continues to undergo major changes unseen in a century，A new pattern that breaks through the capitalist world system is bound to come，And it will definitely come！This is the irresistible development bet365 mobile world historical movement、Irreversible inevitable result。

　　Based on practice: building bet365 mobile independent knowledge system

The true philosophy is the essence bet365 mobile spirit bet365 mobile times。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “It is necessary to launch original research results，We must proceed from the reality of our country，Adhere to the practical point of view、Historical perspective、Dialectical point of view、Development perspective，Understanding the truth in practice、Test the truth、Developing truth。”Philosophical research must take into account world trends、Grasp the spirit bet365 mobile times、Close to the essence of reality，Effectively answer China’s questions、Questions bet365 mobile World、People’s Question、Questions bet365 mobile times。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “History shows that，The era of great social changes，It must be an era of great development in philosophy and social sciences。Contemporary China is experiencing the most extensive and profound social changes in our history，The most ambitious and unique practical innovation in human history is also underway。This great and unprecedented practice，Will definitely create theory、Academic prosperity provides strong motivation and broad space。"Only by seizing the times、Grounded in reality、Pulse feeling problem，Only in the fertile practical soil can splendid theoretical flowers bloom。

First，The embodiment of historical materialism。We must grasp China’s practice and its autonomy，It is not enough to just stay at the level of abstract principles。“Principles are not the starting point of research。”Aiming at the “youth wing” of German Marxism in the late 19th century，Engels sincerely warned: “Our view of history is first of all a guide for research work... All history must be re-study，The conditions for the existence of various social forms must be studied in detail。”For today’s young Marxist scholars in China，Engels’s warning is still inspiring。Mastering the basic principles of Marxism is only the first step，Of course it is also a crucial step，Because of which "ism" to use、Which method to observe reality，Which conclusion will be drawn。However，Only at the principle level，It is impossible to truly promote the innovative development of Marxist philosophy。We must adhere to the basic principles of Marxism，Adhere to the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide，Facing Chinese reality and practice，Carry out solid research and historical research，Transform abstract universality into concrete universality in Chinese society，Scientifically grasp the essential provisions and inevitability bet365 mobile established subject, that is, contemporary Chinese social reality，Only in this way can we truly promote the integrity and innovation of Marxist philosophy in China’s practice。From this perspective，Young contemporary Chinese Marxist scholars must not only learn Marxism well and sinicize Marxism，Learn and understand Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era，What is more important is to use the worldview and methodology throughout to study China’s reality and practice。"This field is infinitely vast，Who is willing to work seriously，Whoever can achieve a lot，You can stand out。”

Next，Theorizing of special experiences。Without a doubt，Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" and Ricardo's "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" are the theoretical crystallization of Britain's modernization path and practical experience。The "Principles of Legal Philosophy" embodies Hegel's philosophical reflection on Western modernity expressed in a unique way bet365 mobile German nation，Exhibits the evolutionary logic of "civil society" in Western Europe in an idealistic way，And based on the German context, it expresses a German national logic that is different from British and French modernization。These works provide a theoretical summary bet365 mobile practice of "civil society" in Western Europe from different angles，In other words, it is a one-sided and profound theoretical sublimation bet365 mobile British-German path，To a certain extent, it shows the general trend of that era and world history，Also expresses the special demands bet365 mobile British and German ruling classes，On the later Western modernization practice、Social trends of thought and the process of world history have had a profound impact。Although these theories still have inevitable inherent flaws，But we cannot deny their huge influence in world history and its theoretical genealogy。On the basis of reflection on Western practice and these theories，Marx wrote "Das Kapital"，Revealing the historical nature of capital-centered Western modernization、Development laws and inevitable trends，And completed the historical judgment on Western modernization from a world historical perspective，Demonstrates the possibility of a new modernization and new form of human civilization、Reality and necessity。Today，This new type of modernization and new form of human civilization is becoming a reality step by step in China。Then，How to theoretically summarize the practical experience of Chinese modernization，Building China’s independent knowledge system？We must be guided by historical materialism and the latest achievements of Marxism in China and the times，Strengthen specific research on Chinese social practice，Must make full use of theoretical thinking and abstract power，Beyond experience and external phenomena，Form an understanding bet365 mobile nature of China’s social development and evolution mechanism、Necessary scientific abstraction，Then rise to concrete methods through abstraction，Completely reproduce the specific logic of Chinese social development in thinking。For example，The development and evolution from the Asian mode of production to the socialist mode of production based on public ownership and its essential differences from the Germanic mode of production and the logic of capitalist surplus value production based on private ownership，The essential difference between the evolution mechanism from traditional ethical society to modern socialist society and the evolution of Western civil society-capitalist social form，The essential difference between China’s “family-country-world” logic and the Western evolutionary logic of “individual-civil society-nation-state”，The essential difference between the evolutionary mechanisms of China’s land ownership and Western land ownership，The essential difference between China’s economic development logic, especially the development logic bet365 mobile socialist market economy, and the evolution of Western capitalist economies，The difference between China’s excellent traditional culture bred by the agricultural production method and the socialist core value system under the guidance of Marxism, and the bourgeois values ​​and civilization bred by Western “civil society” and private ownership，Wait。Only through this kind of in-depth and systematic practical research，Transcendence Phenomenon，Meet essential requirements，In order to form a general summary and theoretical construction of China's practice，And then created Chinese versions of "The Wealth of Nations", "Das Kapital", etc.，Only in this way can China's independent knowledge system and theoretical paradigm be completely constructed。

　Finally，Further enrich and deepen the "three major laws"。Marxist theory bet365 mobile five major social forms is only a scientific abstraction based on the overall evolutionary form of human society，We must not interpret the theory bet365 mobile five major social forms as a linear model bet365 mobile development of human society，It is even more impossible to think that any nation-state must develop one after another according to the logic bet365 mobile five major forms，This turns this scientific abstraction into a linear model and rigid dogma。Proof of China’s transformation from traditional society to modern society，As long as the historical conditions are met，Backward countries can transcend the "civil society" stage and capitalist production relations，Becoming a new starting point for future social development。Proof bet365 mobile formation of China’s modernization path，Backward countries only need to find solutions that suit their national conditions、Follow the world trend、An independent path that conforms to the will bet365 mobile people，We can achieve a magnificent transformation of society，can play an increasingly important role on the world stage。Historical materialism believes，Specific historical laws are based on human historical activities，Therefore its specific existence and actual performance will inevitably change with changes in human historical conditions。As Chinese-style modernization plays an increasingly important role on the world stage，The development laws of world history and the modernization of human society will inevitably increasingly demonstrate the ideological power of Chinese practice and Chinese theoretical paradigms。

　(The author is a researcher at the Nanjing University Base of Jiangsu Province Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with bet365 mobile Characteristics for a New Era)