Zygmunt Bauman (Zygmunt Bauman) died in January 2017，91 years old。In his life，There are 58 kinds of English works，Known as "the greatest sociologist who wrote in English today"。

There are a lot of his images circulating on the Internet world，He is thin、No edge amplitude、Silver hair on both sides of the bald top is not convinced，Plus with alert eyes and frequent gestures，Like the characters from Di Geis's writing。Just a little patient，I can see him on the webpage.。Description of his old friends，His "simplicity and no Hua Hua、isolated from the world、Collection of books like mountains、Never lack of wine and good customers "，And his grandson adds that he "has been smoky for many years"，Indeed，Bowman's smoke fight almost becoming his symbol。There is an old -fashioned old leather sofa in the living room，There is also a brocade tiger chair，The simple solid wood coffee table in front of the sofa is full of fruits and snacks。is in this environment，Swiss senior journalist Peter Harvner talked with Bowman four times，Among them, there are important issues involving its life and views，There is no lack of human intertwined narrative。Three concentrations in the four interviews in April 2016，That is 10 months before Bowman's death。Different from left -wing scholars such as Hobbes Bomm，Bowman did not leave a long story，If the biggest theoretical contribution of his life is to propose "the modernity of flow"，So a lot of images about him、Reports and interviews are also "flow"。In this sense，Havner's publishing and publishing "Familiar to Benefits: Talk to Zegmont Bowman" is undoubtedly a "concentration" and "solidarity" effort，Let Bowman explain yourself at the last moment of life。

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Bowman was born in 1925 in the Polita Polita region，Since the parents are not orthodox Jewish believers，They do not live in the Jewish area。He recalled: "We are the only Jewish family in Poznannan Jezze District，I am the only Jewish student in the elementary school in the district。"to Middle School，School limited recruitment Jewish students，There are only 4 people，Bowman bet365 Play online games is one of them，I want to come is his talent。The scouts of the school will not open to the Jews，He and his partners are isolated in the "President Stool Jewish Area"，The taste of "excluded Jews" for the first time。Two weeks after Germany invaded Poland，Parents are worried about being persecuted by Nazi，The family flees the last train to the Soviet Union。Bowman discovered in surprise，The Soviet Communist Youth League has no ethnic groups，"The place where the communist movement attracts Jews is here: Communist organization is the only place where they feel equal value for them and others"。

18 years old，Bowman joined the Red Army Polish Division Artillery Regiment，Attacking was injured in the Anti -Fasis War，He participated in the battle of Coleberg and Berlin Battle，Winning the Medal of Yingyong。1948，23 -year -old Bowman studies at the School of Social Sciences, Warsaw，Falling in love with Jewish female classmate Yinina Lewinson at first sight，Later married，The marriage between the two lasted 61 years，Until Yinina's death。Before encountering Bowman，Ya Nina is the "half -hearted and half -hearted" Jewish recipient，Prepare to go to Israel after doing it，Is Bowman persuaded her to give up this idea，Stay in Warsaw，Become a reporter and writer of a Polish film industry。

1967，New wave of anti -Semitic waves up in Poland，Drives the Jews out of public rights and party and government cadres。Although Bowman believes that he has "Poland"，He loves the culture of Poland、Language in Poland、Literature in Poland，Agree with "Polish"，But the environment frequently reminds him of the identity of "Jews"。Student Uprising in Warsaw in March 1968，6 professors are accused of being responsible for it，Bowman is one of them，He lost his job at college。Yinina decided to go to Israel to find her mother and sister，So they abandon Polish nationality，Go to Israel。

Bowman obtained a faculty at the University of Tellaviv, Israel，But he does not support Jewish recovery，He firmly thinks，Jewish stateism is the product of European nationalism，is the last residue of the imperialist era in European history，"Seeking another nationalism to heal nationalism，This is a ridiculous、Worrying ideas。For nationalism，The only proper response method is to work hard Bet365 app download to let it disappear "。Bowman bravely tell your own opinions in the newspaper，Endlessness with the environment at that time。So，1970，When I sent a faculty invitation when I sent a faculty in Libertz University in the UK，Bowman openly accepted。

Bowman's masterpiece "Modernity and Holocaust" (1989) is a Jewish、also surpassed the masterpiece of the Jews，He looks at the Holocaust with a position beyond nationalism，Think that it is not a unique problem in Germany，Instead, there are deeper roots and more common motivations。The Holocaust is not an abnormal backward for the original brutal state，On the contrary，The industrial form and large -scale features of killing，It is precisely because of modernity that it is possible。"Modern is not an era of racial extinction。It just makes the modern way of implementing racial extinction into possible。It is innovative like factory technology and bureaucracy，Especially through such a modern concept to engage in racial extinction: we can change the world，or even subverting the world。Pursuit of progress and perfect pursuit makes countless people inevitably。"In short，The ambition of modernity is: master everything、It is eliminated if it cannot be mastered。Because of this book，Bowman was once regarded by some Jews as traitors，But it caused an earthquake in the whole ideological world。

　Communists and utopia

2007，German Polish historian Bogdan Musia to attack Bowman is a member of the military internal security forces，But I did not find any evidence to prove that Bowman participated in murder、Torture or spy activity。This matter is hustle and bustle in the academic world，Bowman helpless response。Bowman acknowledged in the interview，19 -year -old, he did work for the intelligence department for three years，The reason why this is never disclosed，It is because he has signed a confidential document。1943，Bowman entered the Red Army Polish Division Artillery Regiment，as a political instructor。1945-1948，He also serves the military internal security forces of the military，code -named "Symine"。The specific work at that time was just the work of the Propaganda Department，Including the theoretical and practical education preparation materials for recruits，and write an ideological brochure manual。According bet365 live casino games to the fact that the younger school from the captain to the Polish forces, we can know，Bowman's work has been affirmed by superiors。

Compared to young propaganda officials，Bowman's Communist Communist identity is more important。Poor Poverty behind Poland after the war，The former front of the front is a scorched soil，8 million people are in unemployment or semi -unemployed。He explained this during the interview: "I am not entering Marxism in the door of philosophy or political economy。On the contrary，Instead of understanding the status quo，This understanding combines a romanticism、Rebellion view，A view of the role that history and our young people must play。"1946，Bowman joined the Polish Communist Party Polish Workers' Party。"Plan for the Polish Communists from 1944-1945，is the only thing that allows us to believe that our country can get rid of the backward backward and the turmoil of the war; it is the only way to solve the moral degradation of the nation、illiterate、Plan for poverty and social injustice。The Communists want to give the poverty -stricken farmers' land，Improve the living conditions of workers in the factory，Nationalization of industrial nationalization。They want to provide national education -in fact they also keep this commitment。They set off a education revolution，and，Although there was a problem with the problem of skirting relationship at that time，But culture is prosperous: Polish movie、Polish drama and Polish literature are first -class。""，The place where communism attracts Bowman is that "only the communist movement is consistently anti -Nazis"。It is worth mentioning is，Mrs. Bowman Yinina also joined the party in 1951，In another interview，She praised Bowman like this: "He is the first honest party member I encountered。He is the first party member I really respect。”

Unfortunate is，Anti -Jewish cleaning in Poland in 1953，Bowman's father went to the Israeli embassy in Hisa to consult with immigration issues，This makes Bowman judge unreliable politics，Not only is it suddenly revoked and expelled the army，It is even more than 15 years of surveillance by the Security Director。Bowman chose to continue to study graduate students at Warsaw University，Bowman chose to continue to study graduate students at Warsaw bet365 best casino games University。After he completed the doctoral dissertation in 1957，I got a US funding，Support him to study at the School of Political Economics of London for one year，In 1959, he published the first academic work，The theme is British Labor Movement。Although he has achieved great achievements in the field of sociology，but never obtained the title of professor。

Bowman still said firmly at the last moment of life: "I'm still a socialist"，"I learned a lot from Marx。I still adhere to this socialist concept: judge the standard of a society，Whether it allows the weakest members to live a decent life "。His last important work is "Nostalgic Utopia" (2017)，In his opinion，Utopia is not a blueprint for a future air castle，Instead, we improve the motivation of our life situation at this time。"The greatest historical achievement in socialism is，Display the common social disadvantages in the status quo and stimulate remedy。No such future beliefs，These disadvantages will be developed without controlling、Proliferation。"Although many people have lost their ability to think about what is a good society，But "I think I am a‘ person with hope ’”。

　　Intellectuals and interpreters

From the perspective of Anglo Saxon，Bowman knows too much，Not a professional sociologist，More like a humanist。After his retirement，No longer writing academic model of "peer review"，I no longer buried myself in a complex quotation and annotation pile，Instead, it is surrounded by social symptoms，Write love、Loyalty、Identity、refugees、Stranger、New poor、Unlimited、Globalization、Community、individualization、Monitoring、Consumption、Travel、Leisure、Death、Social Media，The theme is so diverse，The style of the text is so well -known，The folk praise and contempt for colleagues are not surprising。Foucault distinguish between "specific intellectuals" and "universal intellectuals"，Bowman is sharply proposed，Intellectuals have general meaning from definition，"He is a general interest in society that surpasses his professional ability and status，He reflects the value of society、The existence of intellectuals。The existence of intellectuals，is to observe what is happening in society，This task surpasses a limited personal or professional interest。Intellectuals will serve the people of their own country "。

bet365 live casino games Havner thinks，Bowman is a person who collects "hedgehog" and "fox" as a person，both specialized and pass through。Exploring Bowman's early reading habits and writing habits，Know how Bowman becomes Bowman，It has become an auxiliary task of this interview。

Bowman published the first article when he was 11 years old，Write French linguist Shang Boliang，There is no amazing point of view，There is no Chanran literary talent，"The starting point of my writing is，I want to share something with others，The text only serves that purpose "。George Orwell sorted out four writing motivations in "Why I Writing": pure self -interest、Aesthetic enthusiasm、Historical impulse、Political purpose。Bowman likes the latter two，The first is "I want to look at things truthfully，Find the truth，records them for use for future generations "; the second is" I hope to push the world to a specific direction，Change the idea of ​​how others should struggle about what they should be like "。

Bowman once wrote in the diary: "Except for writing，I didn't learn any other form of life。"His life that he lives in the simpler can be divided into two parts: 5 am to 12 noon，Writing; other time，Reading。Havner asked Bowman to recall the literary book list in his youth，Starting is the classic that boys like，Verne、Andersen、Laglov、Cooper、London、Stevenson、Dazhong Ma; follow -up is a series of Polish writers，Mitz Kavich、Price、Xianke Micro Branch、Jermeski、Osushkova、Svasky; then a group of classic European writers，Hugo、Dickens、Tolstoy。After growing up,，He retains the habit of reading literary works，Judging in Kundela's judgment: "Novels are the most important achievements of modern civilization。"The writer he read and quoted includes Kafka、Pereke、Orwell、Soluren Qin、Borhes、Saramago、Carvino、Pereke、Kuche，The taste is amazing。Polish writer Stannis Vals Lim and Italian writer Weberto Aiko is his heart，He likes their encyclopedia full -book vision。In short，Quote from the predecessors and peers from sociology，That is a matter of division，Finding chapters from writers，That is a wonderful thing。

Not difficult to find readers familiar with Bowman，He creatively combines sociological interpretation with literary imagination，bet365 Play online games Literature and even the typical feature of Bowman's sociology。Literature Reviews strange effects，Similarly，Bowman thinks，Make familiar things strange，Familiar with strange things，This is the task of sociology。Look at it in the depth，Not only new interpretation mode，Need a new presentation style。Bowman often uses metaphors、Fable、Ideal Types and other tools，This also makes this conversation record deep and keen，Funny。

The most inspirational paragraph in the book，It is a readily read in 1937 when Bowman told him: "I read the fables of two frogs that fell into the same bowl of milk。A frog yelled: ‘finished! I'm drowned。'Then it drowned。Another one is nothing to say，Try to keep the floating state desperately with all energy。It keeps paddling with four feet。Milk gradually condenses into cheese，This frog can also step on cheese to escape from birth。I think，A philosophical incident occasionally encountered，Affected my growth，or more precisely，Affects the development of my philosophy of life。Bai，I am alone for the weak people who are strong。”

Yes, you are right, Mr. Bowman.

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Journalism of Fudan University)