As an important issue in philosophy and cognitive science，The root of the problem of other minds is how we recognize and understand the minds and inner experiences of bet365 bonus code pa。The biggest difficulty with the problem of other minds is that we cannot directly experience and understand the inner experience of bet365 bonus code pa，Can only try to understand bet365 bonus code pa through limited observation and inference。Privacy、Immanence、The limitations of language、The Limits of Simulation and the Problem of Solipsism，All make this issue quite complex and challenging，And make it in philosophy、The fields of psychology and cognitive science spark in-depth and ongoing discussions。Benefit from advances in technology and methods、The development of interdisciplinary and the popularization of empirical research methods in solving philosophical problems，In recent years, the neurophilosophy of other minds has gradually emerged and developed。

The neurophilosophical genealogy of the other-mind problem refers to a range of interdisciplinary approaches and perspectives，They combine insights from neuroscience and philosophy，Exploring how we perceive and understand the minds of bet365 bonus code pa。This category includes various theories and research methods，Sorting out the neurophilosophical genealogy and research approaches of other-mind issues will help us better grasp cutting-edge theoretical perspectives、Learn about the latest research methods，Provide new perspectives and foundations for better understanding the nature of human cognition and emotional resonance。

The discovery of mirror neurons and mirror systems provides a solid cognitive neural basis for the problem of other minds。Mirror neurons were first discovered in the brains of rhesus monkeys，They are activated when rhesus monkeys perform actions themselves or observe others performing the same actions。These neurons are so named because they can “mirror” the actions of others。The mirror system is a group of brain areas and neural pathways related to mirror neurons，These areas jointly participate in imitation、Empathy and understanding the actions and intentions of others。Mirror neurons and mirror systems are galese (V. The important biological basis of Gallese’s embodied simulation bet365 bonus code pa。Embodied simulation bet365 bonus code pa emphasizes that we share in our own physical experience、Simulating and reproducing the behaviors and feelings of others to understand others’ inner experiences。This bet365 bonus code pa holds that，The reason why we can understand other people’s behaviors and emotions，It’s because when we observe them, our own brain activates the neural mechanism corresponding to the object of observation。This neural activation is similar to our own brain activity when we perform these behaviors or experience these emotions。The significance of embodied simulation bet365 bonus code pa to the problem of other minds is，It provides a new way of explanation，Explains why we are able to empathize and empathize when we observe others。This theoretical hypothesis emphasizes the close connection between the body and the mind，Believing that our physical experience plays an important role in understanding the mental states of others。

Some propositions regarding the issue of other minds in the field of philosophy can also be better explained within the framework of neurophilosophy。For example，Zahavi’s bet365 bonus code pa of direct social perception is one of the more influential new solutions to the problem of other minds。This bet365 bonus code pa asserts that we directly perceive the intentions of others during social interactions、Mental states such as emotions and intentions，No need to go through complex reasoning or simulation。This bet365 bonus code pa challenges the dominant assumption in philosophy of mind and cognitive science regarding the hidden nature of mental states。This assumption is also called the unobservability principle，That is, no matter what the ontology of the mental state is，They are all intracranial phenomena，Except the owner，No one else can sense it，We need to approach them using an indirect method based on inference or simulation。On the one hand, this proposition has its theoretical historical basis，Husserl once pointed out，Our perception is completely unmediated by the “living experience…” of others，Nor consciousness of any impression or imaginary depiction”。Scheler’s point of view is more clear，He believes that the difficulties surrounding his heart problems are largely of his own making，Because these difficulties are based on the unquestioning acceptance of the unobservable principle。Direct social perception bet365 bonus code pa emphasizes the immediacy of social interaction、Non-conceptual、Connectivity、Situation dependence and self-other unity, etc.，Emotional resonance and cognitive resonance are the keys。Emotional resonance refers to the phenomenon that when we observe other people’s emotional expressions, we will have similar emotional experiences ourselves。With the help of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography technology, etc.，Researchers confirmed the anterior cingulate cortex、Ventromedial prefrontal cortex、Temporal cortex、The insula and other brain areas are involved in the generation of emotions、Process、Monitoring、Adjustment、Plays an important role in processes such as perception and understanding。These areas also have a large overlap with the human brain mirror system。In a nutshell，Neuroscientific research shows，When observing other people’s emotional expressions，Emotional processing areas of the brain are activated，This is consistent with the concept of emotional resonance in direct social perception bet365 bonus code pa。In addition，Research findings，When people observe the actions of others，Cognitive processing areas in the brain are also activated，This is explained as cognitive resonance and cognitive connection。These neural phenomena support the bet365 bonus code pa of direct social perception that we observe the behavior of others，The perspective of being able to directly perceive the intentions and intentions of others。

Smith（J. Smith)’s bet365 bonus code pa of coexistence is also one of the attempts to solve the problem of other minds。Emphasis on parallelism，When we interact with others，Understanding the minds of others through more than just simulation or reasoning，And in the process of interaction, we jointly create an understanding of each other's inner experience。This means that the solution to the problem of other minds not only depends on the individual’s internal cognitive processes，Also involves the process of social interaction and co-creation。This assertion is consistent with Gallagher(S. Gallagher) and Jaeger (D. Jaegher)’s interaction bet365 bonus code pa has similar approaches，The latter emphasizes that understanding of the human mind is achieved through interaction and joint participation with others，Not just through observed behavior or intrinsic simulation。Interaction bet365 bonus code pa focuses the solution to the problem of otherness on the process of human social interaction and co-creation。Both concurrent bet365 bonus code pa and interaction bet365 bonus code pa emphasize that individuals coordinate with each other in social interactions、Co-create and share meaning to understand others’ mental states。By using brain imaging technology，Researchers observed while performing a common task or collaborating，Participants’ brain activity will show synergy；Research using EEG technology to record electrical activity in the brain shows，While performing cooperative tasks or social interactions，Participants’ EEG activity will show consistency；Research on neural coupling between different brain areas also found，In the task of co-creating and sharing meaning，Neural coupling between different brain regions will increase。The different research methods mentioned above all show that，In the process of social interaction, people will share cognitive resources and communicate effectively。

In the neurophilosophical genealogy of the other-mind problem，The proposal of the bet365 bonus code pa of event coding also provides a new cognitive perspective，Can help us re-examine and interpret the problem of other minds。This bet365 bonus code pa was first proposed by the German cognitive psychologist Hormel (B. Hommel) and others formally proposed，As a new theoretical framework to explain perception and action planning。Event coding bet365 bonus code pa has four basic assumptions: Perceived events and planned actions are cognitively represented by event codes；Event codes are integrated combinations of feature codes (event files)；Event files can be used to represent cognitive or brain states associated with perceived or self-generated features；Therefore，The basic units of perception and action can be thought of as sensorimotor entities，Activated by sensory input (a process commonly known as perception)，and controls motor output (a process often referred to as action)。This bet365 bonus code pa is rooted in Lotze (H. Lotze）、Harles (E. Harless) and James (W. Cognitive ideomotor approaches advocated by James and others。Ideomotor bet365 bonus code pa explains autonomous behavior by assuming the existence of action goals or the existence of specific knowledge，And further explains how purpose is achieved through concrete, practical exploration of one’s own body and its interaction with the environment。Event encoding bet365 bonus code pa combines the mechanisms of idea movement with assumptions about how perceptual and action events are represented，On this basis, extend it to the general bet365 bonus code pa of human cognition，Advocates that human beings not only obtain action goals through sensory-motor experience，And most or even all knowledge is rooted in sensorimotor experience。

Event coding bet365 bonus code pa emphasizes the close connection and interaction between perception and action，Our perceptual and action representations merge during event encoding，Form a unified cognitive system。By perceiving events and performing actions，We are better able to understand the outside world (including understanding others) and engage in action effectively。According to event coding bet365 bonus code pa，The representation of stimuli as the basis for perception and the representation of action as the basis for action planning are not encoded separately、Independent storage。Opposite，They coexist in a common representational medium。In other words，Whether it is an action performed by the individual himself or an action performed by others，will be represented by the coding of the characteristics of these action results，That is, the cognitive mechanism level of representing self and representing others is the same。Analysis of response patterns in specific brain regions during feature binding provides neuroscientific evidence for event encoding bet365 bonus code pa。Event coding bet365 bonus code pa provides an empirically testable framework for neurophilosophical research to explore the cognitive differences between self and others。How we cognitively distinguish ourselves from others，And how to recognize and understand the psychological state of others in social interactions are important directions in the research on other people's minds。

The neurophilosophical study of other-mind issues provides us with new perspectives and ways to understand human social cognition and emotional resonance，However, a more complete theoretical framework and more operational falsifiable hypotheses still need to be established in specific research。The exploration of the issue bet365 bonus code pa still requires more interdisciplinary and in-depth research，In order to achieve new breakthroughs and progress。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on the Neurophilosophical Approach to Direct Perception bet365 bonus code pa" (21BZX005)

(The author is an associate professor at the Institute of bet365 bonus code pa, Hangzhou Dianzi University、Visiting researcher at the Department of Psychology, TU Dresden, Germany)