The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of transformation from ancient bet365 apuestas society to modern society，The so-called "great changes unseen in three thousand years" (Li Hongzhang's words) took place here。It is necessary to explore and demonstrate the cultural development and transformation during this period，There is also a lot of space。"General History of Ming and Qing Culture" edited by Nan Bingwen recently published by Jiangsu People's Publishing House，This is a masterpiece focusing on various issues of Ming and Qing culture。The book is divided into three volumes: "Ming Dynasty Volume", "Early Qing Dynasty Volume" and "Late Qing Dynasty Volume"，About 1.3 million words in total。The whole book adopts science and technology、Academic Research、Literature and Art、Philosophy, religion and social customs、Ethnic minority culture、bet365 apuestas and foreign cultural exchanges and other topics，Detailed discussion of the cultural development and transformation process in the Ming and Qing Dynasties over 500 years，Revealing the cultural mysteries of bet365 apuestas society from ancient times to modern times。

A major feature of this book，It focuses on analyzing and studying the Ming and Qing Dynasties as a whole。The content bet365 apuestas book is grand、Rich and self-contained，Fill the academic gap，Has outstanding academic value。Browse the book，You can also find that his position is accurate、Unique perspective、Broad vision，The discussion in the book contains great practical significance。

　　First，Grasp the cultural development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspective of bet365 apuestas，Highlighting the inevitability of the pattern of pluralism and unity。

The concept of "Chinese nation" was first proposed by Liang Qichao in 1902 in his article "On the General Trend of Changes in Chinese Academic Thought"，But as Fei Xiaotong said，bet365 apuestas “as a national entity in itself”，"It is formed by the historical process of thousands of years"，And thus presents a pattern of "diversity and unity"。To this，People are already familiar with it。A major contribution of "General History of Ming and Qing Culture"，Standing on the standpoint of bet365 apuestas，Through the history of more than 500 years of Ming and Qing Dynasties，Understand the overall cultural development at that time，It not only reflects the outstanding continuity of Chinese civilization、Unity，It also well demonstrates the "diversity and unity" pattern of bet365 apuestas and its evolution，Explains the historical logic、Cultural logic。

Detailed review in the book、Summary of the cultural achievements of ethnic minorities，Focus on the mutual influence between the cultures of various ethnic groups in the country、Together Improvement。As mentioned in the Ming Dynasty volume: the earliest writing of the Jurchen tribe (later changed to Manchu) is the old Manchu script，The Mongolian letters are borrowed to spell Jurchen words and sentences；The fire source of the Mongolian people was ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang，Translate Mongolian with Chinese characters，Into "Huayi Translation"；The Mongolian Lingjue Temple murals were obviously inspired by the Han painter Qiu Ying、Influence of Xu Wei’s painting style，The main buildings of the temple, such as the sutra hall and the main hall, have pure Tibetan brick walls and Han palace architectural features；There were many Hui astronomers serving in the Qintian Prison of the Ming Dynasty，Contribute to the development of astronomy of bet365 apuestas；Many monasteries in Tibet have absorbed Han Dou Gong、Beam frame、Architectural forms such as caissons；Li Shizhen’s "Compendium of Materia Medica" records Zhuang medicines and their application experience，Han Chinese herbal medicine is also spread in Zhuang areas；etc.。

The book puts forward an important conclusion: all members of bet365 apuestas jointly create the splendid civilization of the motherland。In this regard，The Qing Dynasty is particularly outstanding，The whole book fully reveals this。The author reminds us，Special attention should be paid to this integrated feature of Qing Dynasty culture: "This period，Not only the Han people are developing the cultural undertakings of bet365 apuestas，Made a great contribution，And many members of ethnic minorities，Many valuable cultural achievements have also been created in several fields，To add luster to the cultural treasure house of bet365 apuestas... In addition，Ethnic groups help each other culturally，Several ethnic groups that were originally very backward are now catching up，Ethnic groups have achieved unprecedented integration on the basis of narrowing the gap in cultural level, etc.，It is also a very noteworthy thing during this period。”As we continue to promote the process of building a strong sense of community for bet365 apuestas，This history of cultural development and its inherent laws and rich connotations，Worth our further exploration。

　　Secondly，Reflecting on the cultural development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from a modern perspective，Highlighting the inevitability of bet365 apuestas-style modernization。

“bet365 apuestas-style modernization” is an important proposition put forward in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，It is a major theoretical innovation in China’s modernization practice in the new era、The latest major achievements of scientific socialism。Generally believed，The path of bet365 apuestas-style modernization originated from the historical process of China’s arduous exploration of modernization in modern times。Then，More than five hundred years of development during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，What is its relationship with bet365 apuestas modernization？One of the valuable features of "General History of Ming and Qing Culture"，It is to adopt a modern perspective to examine the cultural development process in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Also criticizing its shortcomings，Also recognize its development and contribution，Let the historical and cultural heritage of bet365 apuestas modernization be revealed。

The basic point of the book is that the culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties contains valuable factors that actively seek modernization。In the late Qing Dynasty，The author proposes: Facing the aggression and bullying of China by capitalist imperialism，The bet365 apuestas people “are not intimidated，No numbness，No resignation，But cheer up，Turn grief into strength”，While opposing foreign aggression，Coordinate with the actual struggle to save the nation，“Cultural self-reflection，Leverage your strengths，Make up for shortcomings，Especially from top to bottom，Strive to expand channels for learning the achievements of Western modern civilization，Or send overseas students，Or take advantage of the opportunity to go to the West，Or pay attention to the advanced cultural achievements that Western missionaries and other personnel brought to China to meet their needs after coming to China，Trying every possible means to learn Western culture，An enthusiastic situation has been formed to promote the urgent exploration of bet365 apuestas culture’s transformation to modernity”。The author further believes that，Western modern science and technology、Modern ideas，And some effective ways to support these advanced cultures，"Increasingly introduced into China，Mastered and utilized by the bet365 apuestas，Thus, China began to enter the door of modernization culturally"。Old bet365 apuestas disciplines、Cultural Form，This way we can “absorb new factors、Renovate old ingredients、Stick to good traditions”，This actually laid a solid foundation for the modernization of traditional culture，“For politics、Economy、Military，And the modernization reform of the entire social form、Improvement，Prepared thoughts、Talent and other conditions，And promote it to be gradually put into practice”。

Although the Ming and Qing Dynasties achieved many cultural achievements，But if you look at it from a modern perspective，There are many things worthy of reflection。When evaluating the culture of the Ming Dynasty，The author points out: Although bet365 apuestas culture in the Ming Dynasty was more advanced than that of Europe at the same time，But there are also many aspects that lag behind Europe，Especially the astronomical calendar、World Geography、Firearm manufacturing technology and other natural science and technology departments，The gap is particularly obvious，And it has the tendency to expand day by day。What is the reason for this？The author has made serious thinking and analysis: "In addition to the constraints and wrong guidance of the policies of China's feudal rulers (such as the imperial examination system to constrain the minds of scholars、The eight-part essay that requires the speeches of ancient sages is included in the exam)，The main thing should be found from China’s social and economic conditions at that time。Compared with the Western social environment at that time，It is relatively stable，This led to people relocating，Lack of sense of adventure and enterprising spirit to find new paths，Basically not going abroad naturally hinders the broadening of horizons，It is difficult to have new ideas and desires for creating inventions。In terms of China’s social situation at that time，As mentioned above, the seeds of capitalism have already emerged，But the degree of development is very weak，Feudal production relations still dominate。In this economic situation，Although production will expand in scale and improve technology over time，But development is extremely slow，This cannot make urgent and strong demands for the progress of science，Thereby promoting its rapid progress。"This is the origin and internal motivation of bet365 apuestas-style modernization，A certain historical explanation was given。

　　Last，Observe the development of bet365 apuestas culture from a global historical perspective，Highlighting the inevitability of exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations。

bet365 apuestas civilization has outstanding inclusiveness。To some extent，A history of the development of bet365 apuestas culture，It is the history of exchanges, exchanges and integration of bet365 apuestas national culture、The history of bet365 apuestas culture’s eclectic integration of world civilizations。bet365 apuestas civilization has outstanding peacefulness，This means that bet365 apuestas civilization has not only developed along the way through exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations，We will continue to move forward in exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations。A major feature of "General History of Ming and Qing Culture"，It is to observe the cultural development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspective of global history，Not only demonstrates the rich results of exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations、Historical Features，Also presents its complicated and tortuous evolution process，This shows the inevitability of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations in the future。

The book summarizes and analyzes the cultural development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Always without losing the sense of orientation in world history。In Ming Dynasty Volume，The author proposed clearly，“The Ming Dynasty was in the era of global navigation and geographical discovery”。The author is describing the scale of this unprecedented great voyage in human history in the 15th and 16th centuries，It is said that "there is the voyage of Zheng He of China in the east，European global adventure to the west”，And "these sailing activities，Especially the Western global adventure，Huge impact”；Talk about motivation and process，The author also has no shortage of value judgments，Specifies that "Western European capitalism has entered a period of primitive capital accumulation，Urgent need to develop overseas trade and colonial plunder”，“European colonists” then “came east one after another”，Regards "the East of the world including China" as its "important goal"，Achieved great geographical discovery。In the late Qing Dynasty，The author talks about，In the more than seventy years between the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840 and the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911，Capitalist imperialism steps up its aggression and bullying against China，It is in this context，The bet365 apuestas people "cooperate with the actual struggle to save the nation and survive"，It is self-reflection in culture”，"Strive to expand channels for learning the achievements of Western modern civilization"。

Content related to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries，occupies a very significant space in the whole book。The Ming Dynasty volume not only details the cultural exchanges between China and the West，On the coming of Western colonists from the East and the spread of Catholicism in China，Western Natural Sciences、Linguistics、The introduction of art and philosophy，As well as the spread of bet365 apuestas culture to the west are described in detail，And introduce the influence of bet365 apuestas culture on North Korea in sections、Exchange with Japan、Spread in Vietnam，And exchanges with other Asian and African countries、Connections with Latin America, etc.。The late Qing Dynasty volume uses five chapters to lay out the picture of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries，Focus on the history and achievements of studying abroad, an "important means of learning Western culture"，The contribution of envoys to the West in learning Western learning，The activities of foreign missionaries in China and the spread of Western learning with the support of the bet365 apuestas，The introduction and absorption of Western technology，And the impact of the introduction of Western learning on bet365 apuestas culture, education and social life, etc.。Proposed by the author，The early Qing Dynasty was a period of "mutual stimulation of bet365 apuestas and Western cultures"，“The result of Modang，It is in traditional bet365 apuestas culture，Inevitably blended into elements of Western culture，Thus forming a new culture that is improved than before。This new culture，Although it does not exceed the overall pattern of feudal culture，But it is a step forward after all”。

Today，In our great process of building the modern civilization of bet365 apuestas，We still need to be open-minded and inclusive of world civilizations，Continuous pursuit of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations。In this regard，"General History of Ming and Qing Culture" has given us valuable historical enlightenment。

　　(The bet365 apuestas is the deputy editor and reviewer of Jiangsu Phoenix Publishing and Media Group)