Ming and Qing Dynasties was a period of transformation of ancient Chinese society to modern society，The so -called "great change in three thousand years" (Li Hongzhang) is born here。Discuss and display the cultural development and transformation of this period is necessary，There is also a lot of space。Jiangsu People's Publishing House's newly published "History of the Ming and Qing Culture" edited by Nan Bingwen，It is a masterpiece that focuses on the issues of Ming and Qing culture。This book is divided into three volumes of "Ming Dynasty Volume", "Period of the Qing Dynasty", "Late Qing Dynasty Volume"，A total of about 1.3 million words。The book through science and technology、Academic Studies、Literature and Art、Philosophy, religious and social customs、Minority culture、Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges and other topics，Detailed discussion of the cultural development and transformation process of more than 500 years of Qing Dynasty，Revealing Chinese society from ancient times to modern cultural mystery。

A major feature of this book，Pay attention to the analysis and research of Ming and Qing Dynasties as a whole。The content of the book is macro、Rich and self -made system，Fill in academic gaps，With outstanding academic value。Pass the book，It can also be found that its position is accurate、Unique perspective、Grand Vision，The discussion in the book contains major practical significance。

　　Bet365 lotto review

The concept of "Chinese nation" was first proposed by Liang Qichao in 1902 in the article "On the Great of the Change of Chinese Academic Thought"，But as Fei Xiaotong said，Chinese nation "as a free national entity"，"It was formed by the historical process of thousands of years"，and thereby showing a "diverse" pattern。For this，People are more familiar。"The History of the Ming and Qing Culture" contribution，Standing on the position of the Chinese nation，History of more than 500 years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Overall bet365 Play online games grasping the full picture of cultural development at that time，Both reflect the prominent continuity of Chinese civilization、Unity，It also shows the "diverse" pattern of the Chinese nation and its evolution，Zhao shows the historical logic in it、Cultural logic。

Detailed combing in the book、Summary of the cultural achievements of ethnic minorities，Focus on expressing the interaction between the cultures of various ethnic groups across the country、Get up together。As mentioned in the Ming Dynasty, the earliest text of the female tribe (later changed to the Manchu) is Lao Manchu，It was borrowed from the letters of Mongolian Chinese to spell the vocabulary and sentences of the female true family;，Translate Mongolian in Chinese characters，Cheng "Huayi Translation"; Mongolian Lingjue Temple murals are obviously received by Han painter Qiu Ying、Xu Wei's painting style influence，The main building of the temple and the Daxiong Temple have the characteristics of pure Tibetan brick walls and the architectural characteristics of the Han court; many Hui astronomers in the Qin Tian monitor of the Ming Dynasty，Contributions to the development of astronomy of the Chinese nation; many temples in Tibet absorbed the Han buckets、Liangjie、Azaoai and other architectural forms; Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" records the Zhuang drugs and its application experience，Chinese herbs are also circulated in the Zhuang area;。

The book proposes an important conclusion: the members of the Chinese nation family created the splendid civilization of the motherland。In this regard，The Qing Dynasty is particularly prominent，The whole book fully revealed it for this。The author reminds us，Pay special attention to the integration characteristics of the Qing Dynasty culture: "This period，Not only the Han people in the cultural cause of the development of the Chinese nation，I made a lot of contributions，And members of many ethnic minorities，Many valuable cultural achievements have also been created in several areas，The cultural treasure house to the Chinese nation has increased color ... In addition，All ethnic groups help each other culturally，Several of the original very backward Bet365 app download nations at this time caught up，Based on the narrowing of the cultural level gap, the ethnic groups have achieved unprecedented integration.，It is also a very noteworthy thing in this period。"In the process of continued to promote the consciousness of the Chinese nation community today，The history of cultural development and the inherent rules and rich connotations it contains，It deserves our further excavation。

　　Next，Reflection of Ming and Qing culture from a modern perspective，Highlight Chinese -style modernization necessity。

"Chinese -style modernization" is an important proposition proposed by the 20th National Congress of the Party，It is the major theoretical innovation of China in the new era of China's promotion of modern practice、The latest major achievements of scientific socialism。It is generally considered，The historical process of Chinese -style modern roads was originally originally in modernization.。So，Development of more than 500 years during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，What is the relationship between Chinese -style modernization? One of the great points of "History of the Ming and Qing Culture"，It takes a modern perspective to inspect the cultural development process of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，criticize its deficiencies，Also affirmed its development and contribution，The historical and cultural heritage of Chinese -style modernization can be manifested。

The basic point of view in the book is the precious factor that contains the initiative to explore modernization in the Ming and Qing culture。In the late clearing volume，The author proposes: Facing the invasion and bullying of Chinese imperialism to China，The Chinese people are "not scared down，No numb，No counter -coming，but inspiring the spirit，Turn sadness into strength "，While opposing foreign aggression，Cooperate with the actual struggle with the rescue map，"Self -reflection in culture，，Make up its short，Especially from top to bottom，Efforts to expand the channels for learning the achievements of modern western civilization，or send international students，Or use the opportunity to make the West，or pay attention to those who follow Western missionaries Bet365 lotto review and other people and bring advanced cultural achievements brought to China to cooperate with their needs，Thousands of ways to learn Western culture，It has formed a passionate situation that promotes the urgent exploration of Chinese culture to modern transformation "。The author thinks that he thinks，Modern science and technology in the West、Modern ideas，and some effective ways to support these advanced cultures，"More and more introduced to China，Master and utilized by the Chinese people，So that China has begun to enter the door of modernization in culture "。Chinese old discipline、Cultural form，From this to "sucking new factor、Reform old ingredients、Persevere traditional "，This actually laid a solid foundation for the modernization of traditional culture，"For politics、Economy、Military，and the modern reform of the entire social form、Improvement，I have prepared thoughts、Talents and other conditions，and promptly put it into the actual situation "。

Although many aspects of cultural achievements were achieved during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，But if you look at it from a modern perspective，Among them, there are many places worthy of reflection。When evaluating the culture of the Ming Dynasty，The author proposes: Although Chinese culture in the Ming Dynasty is more progressive than the contemporary Europe，But there are also many aspects behind Europe，Especially the astronomical calendar、World Geography、Fireware manufacturing technology and other natural science and technology departments，The gap is particularly obvious，and are increasingly expanding。What is the reason? The author made a serious thinking and analysis: "In addition to the constraints and wrong orientations of the policy of the Chinese feudal rulers (such as the imperial examination system, the thought of the binding of the scholars、Eight texts that require the ancient sages of ancient times are the test content) outside，The main thing should be found from the Chinese socio -economic situation at that time。At that time, China's social environment compared with the West，is relatively stable，This has led people to relocate the country to relocate，Lack of adventure bet365 live casino games consciousness and aggressive spirit that lacks another new path，and basically not to go abroad, it will naturally hinder the openness of the horizons，It is not easy to generate new ideas and desires engaged in creating inventions。As far as the social form of China at that time，Although the sprouts of capitalism mentioned earlier, although it has been generated，But the degree of development is very weak，The dominant position is still the feudal production relationship。In this economic form，Production will expand scale and increase technology，But the development is extremely slow，This is impossible for the progress of science to make an urgent and strong requirement，to promote its rapid progress。"This is the modern hair context of Chinese -style modernization and inner motivation，I made a certain historical explanation。

　　Last，The development of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of the global history，Highlighting the inevitability of civilized exchanges and mutual learning。

Chinese civilization has outstanding tolerance。To some extent，History of the development of a Chinese culture，It is the history of communication and integration of Chinese national culture、The history of Chinese culture has both the history of world civilization。Chinese civilization has outstanding peace，This means that the Chinese civilization not only comes all the way in the exchange of civilization，will continue to move forward in civilized exchanges and mutual learning。A major feature of "History of the Ming and Qing Culture"，From the perspective of global history, watch the cultural development of the Qing Dynasty，Demonstrate the rich results of civilized communication and mutual learning、historical characteristics，It also presents its complex twists and turns evolutionary process，This shows the inevitability of future civilization communication and mutual learning。

The book summarizes and analyzes the cultural development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，I did not lose the sense of orientation in the history of the world from time to time。In the Ming Dynasty Volume，The author proposes awakened，"The era of the Ming Dynasty is in the era of world sailing and geography"。When the author bet365 live casino games describes the unprecedented scale of the Great Airlines in this human history of the 15th and 16th centuries，Called "East China has Zhenghe's navigation，Global Expedition in Europe in the West "，"These navigation activities，Especially Western Global Expedition，The impact is huge "; talk about motivation and process，The author also has no lack of value judgment，Indicates that "Western European capitalism enters the period of accumulation of original capital，Urgent need to develop overseas trade and colonial plunder "，"European colonists", so "one after another"，"World East, including China" as its "important goal"，Realized geographical discovery。In the late clearing volume，The author talks about，During the Opium War in 1840 to more than 70 years from the demise of the Qing Dynasty in 1911，Capital Imperialism steps up to aggression and bullying China，It is in this context，Chinese people "cooperate with the actual struggle with the rescue map，It is culturally reflected in culture "，"Channel to try to expand learning the achievements of modern western civilization"。

content related to Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges，It occupies a very significant space in the whole book。Ming Dynasty volume not only talked about Chinese and Western cultural exchanges，The spread of Western colonists Donglai and Catholicism in China，Western Natural Science、Linguistics、The introduction of art and philosophy，and the Western passage of Chinese culture is divided into statement，and introduce the impact of Chinese culture on North Korea in a section、communication with Japan、Communication in Vietnam，communication with other Asian -African countries、Contact with Latin America, etc.。In the late Qing Dynasty volume, it was paved with five chapters.，Focus on introducing the journey and achievements of "learning important means of learning Western culture" for studying abroad，The envoy of the envoy of the West in learning Western studies，Foreign missionaries' activities in China and their spread of Western studies with the support of Chinese people，The introduction of Western technology，and the influence of the introduction of Western Bet365 app download studies on Chinese culture, education and social life。The author's proposal，The early Qing Dynasty was the period of "Chinese and Western culture stimulated each other"，"The result of the rubbing，is in traditional Chinese culture，inevitable integration into the ingredients of Western culture，This has formed a new culture that has been improved from the past。This new culture，Although there is no big pattern that exceeds the feudal culture，But after all, I took a step forward "。

Today，In the great process we build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation，In the great process we build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation，Constantly pursuing civilized exchanges and mutual learning。In this regard，"History of the Ming and Qing Culture" gave us valuable historical inspiration。

　　(The author is the deputy editor of Jiangsu Phoenix Publishing Media Group)