Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period is the most brilliant era in the history of Chinese thought，Zhuzi Baijia showed the most open mind of the ancient Chinese、The richest imagination、The most dynamic creation，The basic layout of ancient Chinese thoughts，Repeated chewing by later generations、Digestion、Interpretation、Classic text and thought mother questions explained。"China"，Not only in the historical sense、Geographically，It is also a cultural sense。Because the Hundreds of Sons and Hundreds of Family created a wonderful ideological product and a huge concept system that is enough to match ancient Greece。

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But，Zhuzi Xue as the rise of learning，But was pulled off the altar in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，Western discipline system、Academic concepts and research methods are introduced after large -scale introduction to China。People at that time tried to find content that matched Western academics, especially Western philosophy in Chinese traditional thoughts，The first thing I found is the son Baijia，Not Confucianism。Because the sons are rich in、The ideological spark that can be called "philosophy"。but but，First do this，Not Chinese，but Japanese。Uchida Zhou Ping was written in the world's first "History of Chinese Philosophy" in the world，Directly take the "Six Essentials of Historical Records" and the "Nine Streams and Ten Family" of "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi".，It looks very lazy，belongs to the new bottle of old wine，Packaging of "Philosophy" below，It's still the old frame。But doing this is not unreasonable，Re -observe China through the vision of Western Xue，Zhuzi Baijia can be said to be closest to Bet365 lotto review Western classical。After that，The construction of the history of Chinese philosophy is the same，Whether it is Hu Shi's "History of Chinese Philosophy" or Feng Youlan's "History of Chinese Philosophy"，The thoughts of the sons have become the highlight of the history of Chinese philosophy，This is still the case to this day。

Although the trend of the times in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China activated the sons Baijia，Make the thoughts of the sons again brilliant，However, such a sub -study may not be reasonable or perfect。First，The original intention of writing the history of Chinese philosophy is to establish a Chinese philosophy discipline that is equivalent to Western philosophy。Therefore，Through cosmic theory、knowledge theory、This body theory (existence theory)、Different schools and other Western school frameworks established by the Western school framework，It becomes a son to learn that Westerners can understand。or the needs of the self -confidence of the nation，Passionate to dig out of the sons not only in the West，Chinese also have，It is not even worse than West。Hu Shi's doctoral dissertation has already become a pre -Qin famous study，The reason is to find out the scientific way of thinking that the ancient Chinese had once had。Later，This method of research is popular in the 20th century。For example，Yang Zhu, who is "no hair", has a personality liberation、The symbol of individualism; regarding the "Tao" as the old Tzu's thoughts beyond the existence of all things have become objective idealism; the "Tao" is regarded as Zhuangzi, which exists all the existence of all things, becomes subjective idealism; Philosophy Explanation Mencius、Wang Yangming，Highlight the theory of moral self -discipline; use the monarchy of Makia Villy to explain the theory of legalist theory that Han Feizi emphasizes centralization，。Both the research method Bet365 lotto review and the research results have the characteristics of "cutting and appropriate performance"。

There is a more serious problem in the research of the 20th century.，is a straight -line thinking or one -way thinking。On the surface，This thinking is also based on assumptions、Up above the reasoning and evidence，Features with scientific analysis，But is committed to weaving a variety of ideological phenomena to the same clue，I believe that there is an inevitable causal relationship between the phenomenon and the phenomenon，The latter thought phenomenon must be inherited or criticized for the previous thought phenomenon。The front and back relationships of the phenomenon through analysis，All concepts、Proposition、The characters can arrange a clear sequence、Refine the pure form，Finally, the conclusion with uniqueness。

Not only that，Another significant disadvantage of the research in the 20th century is，Originally integrated、Organic、Hundreds of sons who are closely related to each other are unloaded eight pieces，Philosophy focuses on studying ideological value，Historical focus on studying historical background，Literature focuses on research language characteristics，Different disciplines take their own required，But do not come and go，Everyone looks so busy，Achievements，But in fact, the discipline barriers are getting more and more serious。Research on such a child，To a large extent, it has become a means of gaming or survival of scholars，Research is gradually trivial。New generation scholars lack horizontal vision，The research made more is a well -excavated，But due to narrow vision，Valuable well -available wells are getting less and less，Makes the vitality of Zhuzi learning from declining and exhausted。

　　The excitement of the unearthed literature for the learning of the sons

Starting in the 1970s，Ma Wangdui Book、Guo store Bet365 app download Chu Tomb Bamboo Slip、Shanghai Museum Collection of Warring States Bamboo Slip、Peking University Tibetan Qin and Han Jian、Tsinghua University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Slips and other unearthed literatures have emerged in large numbers。These fresh materials that have never passed the future generations，Form the mind at a certain moment of time，Let us be able to directly contact the books that the pre -Qin sons have read、Discussion questions。Some of these materials can be compared with today's sons，As "Lao Tzu" appeared, Guo store、Ma Wangdui Jia B、Han Jianben: The Analects of Confucius appeared in Dingzhou Book、North Korea、Haixunhou's three ancient books; the emergence of the ancient books of "Wenzi" made the pseudo -book of "Wenzi" began to shake; many sentences in "The Four Classics of the Yellow Emperor" can be compared with "Guan Guanzi" and "Mandarin · Yue Yu".，Make many literatures that have not been valued before to reproduce the glorious。But，Most of the text forms of the unearthed literature are often messy，Its ideological appearance is also mixed，If we want to find a unified clue in it、Pure concept，The system after proof of the post -processing after proof，often disappointment。Therefore，It is not only difficult to use a modern discipline framework such as literature and history，It is even difficult to classify in the method of "four studies", "nine streams and ten", "six" and "six houses"。Even in the same document, it may not show a clear school appearance，It can be easily stuffed into today's academic framework。

Literature research must rely on multidisciplinary cooperation，It is not competent to rely on a certain field。This kind of common cooperation can be manifested in two aspects。From horizontal view，Archaeological、Text、sound rhyme、Training、Literature、History、Thought、Philosophy Bet365 lotto review must participate in，or even numbers、Li、Hua、Gong、Farmers、Medical、astronomy、Calendar、Diet and other fields must also join。Looking at it vertically，Scholars engaged in the research of unearthed literature must pay close attention to the research results of other disciplines，This has to break the original discipline barrier。The unearthed literature seems to be a big net，Re -connect literary history, philosophy and even other related fields。For example，The latest published Tsinghua Jane's "Five Ji" has nearly 5,000 words，In ancient times, it was definitely a big book，and very likely to be by Zhuangzi、Hui Shi、Mencius、Xunzi's big thinkers read。Where，Myth、History、astronomy、Division、Five Elements、Human Lun、Military and other countless knowledge has been exquisitely intertwined。

Therefore，The unearthed literature allows us to see the extremely diverse and complicated ideological world that contains the sons and beyond the sons。and this ideological world is the real background produced by the sons。We must not only continue to study the sons of the sons throughout the handed down literature，It is also necessary to use the unearthed literature to learn about the world of the former son。I divide the sons into two categories，The first category is "atypical sons"，Refers to the sons of the late Spring and Autumn Period，Ru Lao Tzu、Confucius、Mozi、Zhuangzi、Tube, etc.，The occurrence of their thoughts，It is likely to be related to the learning of Wang Guanzhi in "Han Shu · Yi Wen Zhi"。Another category is the "typical sons" after the middle of the Warring States Period，Ru Mengzi、Xunzi、Zhuangzi、Wenzi、Han Feizi、Gongsun Longzi, etc.，The formation of their thoughts，It may be affected by "atypical sons"，It may also be affected by the background of the special era of the Warring bet365 live casino games States Period。The unearthed literature we see now，Most of its creation age is just before or at the same time in the "typical sons"，At that time, each family had not showed a strong school consciousness，Therefore, we can use the processes of "thought focusing" with the help of unearthed literature。

In addition to "Thought Focus"，We can also observe the process of "text setting" with the help of unearthed literature。Determination of Zhuzi Baijia text，One in the early Han Dynasty，Based on political thought; one between the two Han，Based on Liu Xiang、Books of Liu Ye and others。But the unearthed literature also revealed some of the key links to us。For example，From the form of "description" and "work"，Lao Tzu、Confucius and other "atypical sons" and "described without writing" most，The text form of "Typical Son"，then "work" is greater than "description"，Creative consciousness is stronger，deliberately highlighting the place where others are different，Conveyful "atypical sons"，Use all kinds of knowledge around you、Legend，Serving your own theoretical，Is their important feature。After the school has a strong consciousness，further integrate "typical sons" and "atypical sons"，Through the characteristics of the compulsory school，Integrate the literature of different times。

Create the new world of scholars research with the concept of "classical classics"

The current research of Zhuzi has been different from the 20th century，Materials Different、Methods Different、Different concepts，Need to cooperate between scholars in different fields，Need to pay attention to the research results of other disciplines。In this context，​​It can no longer be covered by only the discipline classification of literature and history.、Unable to deal with，We must seek more effective、More flexible ways to integrate new research objects。In this case，The concept of "classical bet365 best casino games science" is called out。"Classical Science" can open up the increasingly rigid discipline barrier，To better retain the vivid and livelihood of the thoughts of the sons、colorful，To better retain the vivid and livelihood of the thoughts of the sons。Classical learning is also a worldwide method and theory，We do not oppose foreign theories and methods，But the purpose is to learn from，instead of simply applied and bias。

(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)