The Mediterranean region has a large number of human activities since ancient times，State attributes of residents、Religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds have been changing，Politics contained in the Mediterranean、Culture and religious connotation also constantly changes。The Mediterranean not only does not hinder the cultural and trade exchanges between the surrounding residents，and provide convenient channels and broad space for multi -dimensional exchanges between different regions。

　　bet365 best casino games

Both Hegel and Marx regard the Mediterranean as a whole。Hegel is called the Mediterranean as "the axis heart of the world history"，I believe that only fully recognizes its core location and its integration function，can we fully understand its historical process。Marx thinks，Ancient Egypt、The production relationship of the two river basins evolved from the original production method; in ancient Greece and Rome，Production relationship marked by using slaves，It later combined with the Germanic production relationship，Frequent feudal production relationship。I am explaining authority、Management System and bet365 Play online games Capitalism，Max Weber also regards the Mediterranean region as a whole，Analysis of ancient Egypt、Near East、Greece、Rome's land ownership and agricultural organization form。

Comparison of comparison，For a long time，Scholars engaged in historical research in the Mediterranean Sea rarely regard the area as a whole。Since the end of the 20th century，Western academic circles try to overcome the previous national state as the core、The disadvantage of historical writing with the main line of political history，Eliminate the impact of European centralism，Multi -perspective with a relatively objective position、Writing history in all directions，The Mediterranean is regarded as the best place to practice the above thinking。Put the Mediterranean and surrounding areas with different political identities、Residents of religious beliefs conduct research as a whole，First，Need to make necessary adjustments and integration of the current discipline system; second，Scholars in different disciplines should consciously regard their research fields as a component of the overall history of the Mediterranean。

Brlodele emphasized the continuity of the history of the Mediterranean region，Research in a long period of inspection; he regards long -distance trade as a clue to connect this huge waters。He pointed out at the same time，The Mediterranean region forms a civilization with the same nature，The key is not water but people，Because Bet365 app download history is not composed of geographical characteristics，It depends on people who rely on and developing the natural environment。Residents in the Mediterranean area are subject to this sea，On the other hand, it also makes a strong reaction to their environment。The famous classical scholar Finish uses the entire classical world as its research object，Highlight the important role played by cities in the process of civilization and development。Obviously，Long -distance trade、Important topics such as cities，It can become a shaft that constructs the overall history of the Mediterranean。

　　Communication of items and thoughts in various places

During the prehistoric period，Ancient Egyptians have already come from Israel、Imported wines in Palestine。They give Tianqingshi with a strong religious meaning，This stone is only produced in southern Afghanistan，They obtained Tianqing Stone through the middlemen in the two river basins。Not only that，Ancient Egyptians went deep into Africa along the edge of the Sahara Desert，In exchange for gold、Ebony and other valuable items; deserts through the Nile and the Red Sea，Go to the corner of the south bank of the Arabian Peninsula and Africa，Obtaining exotic products such as spices。

Nile Valley is rich in wheat and barley，This is an important product that Egypt and other areas of the Mediterranean are exchanged。Not only the business of Athens businessmen Bet365 app download engaged in imported Egyptian grains，Rhode Island、Merchants of Mili and Phoenicia also participated in this profitable activity。Commodity trade is a kind of mutual behavior，The flow of items is never one -way。Egypt from early time，Imported olive oil from local and Greek natives。These olive oils are not only used as edible oil and fuel，and an important raw material for the sacrifices dedicated to God and the various oily oil used by the princes and nobles。

In the process of conducting long -distance trade on the sea，Pepiki people plays key characters。They are not only good at shipbuilding and navigation，And with the expansion of the trade scale，Colonoming in the necessary place，Gargae, located in northern Tunisia, is a typical example。These colonies not only have the function of the port，And bearing production、Smoving and other tasks，Gradually become a city that exerts multiple functions。

Trade is not just a business activity with or not,。On the surface，The businessman transports items; from a deeper level,，The invisible thoughts and ideas are also spread in the Mediterranean region，It has a significant and far -reaching impact on all aspects of the society in related areas。The most typical example of them，The Phoenicians are passed on to the Greeks for the Phoenician -based and gradually improved by the Phoenicians.。

In addition to the task of undertaking the distribution center of the goods，City, bet365 best casino games especially port cities，Become a place where businessmen from all over the world and other groups gather。Egypt Alexander Dalia was built when the city was built，I have received different social backgrounds from the Mediterranean coast、People who embrace different motivations。Here，Greek God and Egyptian God blend with each other，Become a god that can be accepted by different ethnic groups，and laid the foundation for the spread of Isis worship to the Mediterranean coast and even the United Kingdom。Also here，Chinese scholars sorted out and compiled the works of classical writers，Promoting the birth and dissemination of classics。Also here，Seventy -two ancestors translated Hebrew "Bible" for the first time into Greek。

　　Taking trade and cities as axis

When emphasizing the important role of long -distance trade and cities，We cannot ignore the role of powerful political bodies played in the long history。Assyrian ruler created the first regular army in history，And this is expanded and plundered，The King of the Assyrian uses silver as part of the Pepiki people on the east coast of the Mediterranean.。This aspect forced many Phoenicians to immigrate to other parts of the Mediterranean coast，On the other hand, it promoted the commercial activity of the Phoeni people aims to obtain silver。After the King of Persia occupied Egypt，To promote trade and convenient sailing，The canal connected to the Mediterranean and Bet365 app download the Red Sea，To a large extent, it laid the foundation for today's Suez Canal。Persian rulers build post roads and stations，Created objective conditions for the prosperity of trade。Diplomacy between the royal family，also enhanced the communication of different areas of the Mediterranean coast in cultural and religious concepts。

Around the 6th century BC，The Mediterranean Sea, especially the long -distance trade in the Aegean Sea, is more prosperous，The direct result is the coin。Use of coins，In turn, it facilitates the prosperity of trade and the development of the city。According to Ensonstart's understanding，It is the city that is born in trade，Conditions created for the formation of the knowledgeable elite，The foundation lays the foundation for the liberation of personality and the leap of rationality。In this sense，The development of humans during the axis period is closely related to trade and cities。This exactly proves，Ancient Greece and ancient Israel, which belonging to a shaft -hearted civilization, are located in the Mediterranean area，This is by no means accidental。Taking long -distance trade and cities as a shaft for studying the history of the Mediterranean，It helps us to grasp the basic context of the overall history of the Mediterranean。

　　(Author Unit: Department of History at Fudan University)