The bet365 mobile region has had a lot of human activities since ancient times，Resident’s national attributes、Religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds are always changing，The politics of the bet365 mobile、Cultural and religious connotations are also constantly changing。The bet365 mobile Sea not only did not hinder the cultural and trade exchanges between its surrounding residents，It also provides convenient channels and broad space for multi-dimensional communication between different regions。

　　View the bet365 mobile region as a whole

Both Hegel and Marx regarded the bet365 mobile as a whole。Hegel called the bet365 mobile “the axis of world history”，Considers that only by fully recognizing its core position and its integrating role，In order to fully understand its historical process。Marx believed，Ancient Egypt、The production relations in the two river basins evolved from the primitive production methods；In ancient Greece and Rome，The emergence of production relations marked by the use of slaves，It was later combined with Germanic production relations，The formation of feudal production relations。Explaining authority、Management system and capitalism，Max Weber also regarded the bet365 mobile region as a whole，Ancient Egypt analyzed、Near East、Greece、Roman land ownership and agricultural organization forms。

In comparison，Long time，Scholars engaged in historical research on the bet365 mobile region rarely regard the region as a whole。Since the end of the 20th century，Western academic circles try to overcome the past focus on nation-states、Disadvantages of historical writing that takes political history as the main line，Eliminate the influence of Eurocentrism，Multiple perspectives from a relatively objective standpoint、Write history in all aspects，The bet365 mobile is seen as the best place to practice the above ideas。Associate the bet365 mobile and surrounding areas with different political identities、Religious residents studied as a whole，First，Necessary adjustments and integrations need to be made to the current discipline system；Secondly，Scholars from different disciplines should consciously regard their research fields as an integral part of the overall history of the bet365 mobile。

Braudel emphasized the historical continuity of the bet365 mobile region，That is, conducting research using a long-term investigation；He saw long-distance trade as the thread connecting this vast body of water。He also pointed out，The formation of a homogeneous civilization in the bet365 mobile region，The key is not water but people，Because history is not made up of geographical features，But it depends on the people who rely on and exploit the natural environment。On the one hand, residents in the bet365 mobile area are subject to this sea，On the other hand, it has a powerful reaction on their environment。The famous classicist Finley takes the entire classical world as his research object，Highlights the important role cities play in the emergence and development of civilization。Obviously，Long distance trade、Important topics like cities，Can become an axis for constructing the overall history of the bet365 mobile。

　　Items and ideas spread bet365 mobile place to place

In prehistoric times，The ancient Egyptians have been from present-day Israel、Imported wine from Palestine。They give lapis lazuli a strong religious significance，This stone is only found in southern Afghanistan，They obtain lapis lazuli through middlemen bet365 mobile two river basins。Not only that，The ancient Egyptians went deep into Africa along the edge of the Sahara Desert，Exchange for gold、Ebony and other valuables；Crossing the desert between the Nile and the Red Sea，Go to the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa，To obtain exotic products such as spices。

The Nile Valley is rich in wheat and barley，This is an important commodity exchanged between Egypt and the rest of the bet365 mobile。Not only Athenian merchants were in the business of importing Egyptian grain，Rhode Island、Merchants from Miletus and Phoenicia also participated in this profitable activity。Commodity trade is a mutual behavior，The flow of items is never one-way。Egypt from very early times，Import olive oil from Crete and Greece。These olive oils are not only used as cooking oil and fuel，It is also an important raw material for sacrifices to gods and various anointing oils used by princes and nobles。

In the process of long-distance bet365 mobile by sea，The Phoenicians played a key role。They are not only good at shipbuilding and navigation，And with the expansion of bet365 mobile，Colonize where necessary，Carthage, located in northern Tunisia today, is a typical example。These colonies not only function as ports，And undertake production、Smelting and other tasks，Gradually becoming a city that performs multiple functions。

Trade is not just a commercial activity of exchanging what is needed。On the surface，The merchant is transporting items；From a deeper level，Intangible thoughts and ideas also spread to each other in the bet365 mobile area，It has had a significant and far-reaching impact on all aspects of society in the relevant areas。The most typical example，It was the Phoenicians who passed on to the Greeks the Phoenician alphabet, which was based on cuneiform and hieroglyphics and was gradually improved.。

In addition to assuming the task of cargo distribution center，Cities, especially port cities，Become a place where businessmen and other groups from all over gather。Since the founding of Alexandria, Egypt，Received people from different social backgrounds around the bet365 mobile、People with different motives。Here，Greek gods and Egyptian gods blend into each other，Become a god acceptable to different ethnic groups，And laid the foundation for the spread of Isis worship to the bet365 mobile coast and even Britain。Also here，philologists compiled and compiled the works of classical writers，Promoting the birth and spread of classics。Same here，Seventy-two sages translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek for the first time。

　　With bet365 mobile and city as the axis

When emphasizing the important role of long-distance trade and cities，We cannot ignore the role that powerful political bodies play in the long history。Assyrian rulers created the first regular army in history，And use this to expand and plunder the outside world，The Assyrian king gave silver as part of the tribute paid by the Phoenicians on the eastern coast of the bet365 mobile。This aspect forced many Phoenicians to immigrate to other places along the bet365 mobile coast，On the other hand, it promoted the commercial activities of the Phoenicians aimed at obtaining silver。After the Persian king occupied Egypt，To promote trade and facilitate navigation，Dug a canal connecting the bet365 mobile and the Red Sea，Laid the foundation for today's Suez Canal to a large extent。Persian rulers built post roads and stations within the empire，Creating objective conditions for trade prosperity。Diplomatic marriage between royal families，It also enhances exchanges in culture and religious concepts among different regions along the bet365 mobile。

Around 6th century BC，Long-distance trade in the bet365 mobile, especially the Aegean Sea, is increasingly prosperous，The direct result is coinage。The use of coins，In turn, it facilitates the prosperity of trade and the development of cities。According to Eisenstadt’s understanding，It was the city that was born from trade，Creating conditions for the formation of a knowledgeable elite，Laid the foundation for the liberation of personality and leap of reason。In this sense，Human development during the Axial Period is closely related to trade and cities。This just proves，Ancient Greece and ancient Israel, both belonging to the Axial Civilization, were located in the bet365 mobile region，This is no accident。Taking long-distance trade and cities as the axis for studying bet365 mobile history，Helps us grasp the basic context of the overall history of the bet365 mobile。

　　(Author’s affiliation: Department of bet365 mobile, Fudan University)