In the final analysis, the way of pension is a lifestyle。The main factors affecting the method of pension include: guarantee system、Economic Ability、Family structure and family responsibility、Configuration method of pension facilities and resources、Grassroots community governance methods。my country's grass -roots social governance system is based on the community as the basic construction unit，The elderly live in the community、Life、Social participation constitutes an important content of social governance，Social governance method also affects the provision method of pension services、Cost composition、Supervision and Management、Rights Maintenance。Current，In the process of building a socialized pension service system，Policies and laws need to be established，Give play to the basic role of family in the elderly service and the support role of the street and township community in the elderly service，Forming Agency、Community、Comprehensive pension service system combined with three home care methods at home。

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Family plays a basic role in the elderly service。Traditionally，Pension needs of the elderly in China mainly rely on family members to achieve。But，With industrialization、Urbanization and social transformation，"4-2-1" Family structure is universal，Family scale small，Children's out -of -the -ware movement and women's employment rate increase in the market for the salary labor market，Traditional dependence on family pension seems to be powerless。Insufficient policies and laws that support families play basic role are not systematic，Many families are "heartless"。Although the "Protection Bet365 app download Law of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly are infringed，The infringed person or its agent has the right to request the relevant departments to deal with，or a lawsuit with the people's court in accordance with the law。But actually，The channels for the elderly to defend their rights are not smooth。Solve these problems，Need to improve compulsory legal and institutional arrangements，Especially to play the supporting role of grass -roots social governance。

Grass -roots social governance has a supporting effect on elderly care services。With labor salary、Reform of social welfare and retirement system，People after retirement，From "unit person" to "social person"，Various welfare guarantees, etc. It is directly distributed by the social security department，Seeing a doctor, medical insurance, etc.，Basic life、Care、Leisure、Entertainment、Social communication、Social participation, etc., need to be completed around the community and its residence，"Social People" at the same time becomes "community people"。Especially the basic trend of the aging development of my country's population is aging acceleration，Live、The phenomenon of loneliness and other phenomena develops rapidly，This puts forward new demand on the grassroots governance of the community。But overall，Due to functional positioning、Personnel preparation、Budget and other factors of factors restricted，my country's current grass -roots social governance system can no longer meet the objective needs of aging social development。

Institution、Community、The complementary role of the three ways of retirement at home needs to be strengthened。Being rich is always the basic national conditions of our country，People、The basic national conditions with lack of resources determine that China cannot adopt the method of pension methods such as high welfare Bet365 app download countries such as Northern Europe，Let go of the pension service market、The development of overall care for the care of the elderly and the pension industry is inevitable。But overall，The development of socialized elderly care services in my country started late，Market development is not sufficient，Pension services have low supply levels and low efficiency、No need for supply、There is a high supply price、There are problems with low supply quality。

From the perspective of supply and demand structure，The current supply of pension services in my country presents "dumbbell type" features，That is, high -end services provided by market -oriented agencies pursuing economic benefits and low -end services provided by the home nursing home，Ordinary elderly people can afford it、Quality has guaranteed mid -range services seriously inadequate; while the demand for pension services presents the "olive type" feature，That is high -end and low -end demand，There are many mid -range demand for basic living care and rehabilitation care; structural imbalances in the market，Insufficient number of overall bed positions and high balds coexist，It is difficult for the elderly to afford institutional pension costs and institutional profit difficulties。From the perspective of market elements，The ability to pay for the elderly and the elderly is willing to pay and can be paid (tolerable prices).，With house prices、Land price、Fast rise in labor costs，Pension service operations are facing some difficulties。Social governance system in the street community as the unit，To a certain extent, the administrative area cutting of the elderly service market，Insufficient market capacity，The scale effect is difficult to reflect，Leading the brand of the elderly service、Chain、Dargeted operation is blocked。In fact，From the perspective of the rigid needs of the elderly，Relying on the community to extend to home，Solving Bet365 app download the need for pensions nearby is the basic characteristic of our current pension service。Therefore，Promoting agency pension、The integrated development of community pension and home care for the elderly becomes inevitable。

　Social governance help home for the elderly

The construction of the construction of the elderly service system is to measure a country、A region、An important content of a urban governance system and governance capacity。We must insist on starting from the actual needs of the elderly，Consolidate the needs of the changes in lifestyle and pension methods in the new era，Configuration method of pension facilities and resources、Grass -roots social governance methods and other aspects to make changes to the times with the times。

Policy，Help family play the basic role in pension services。Real problems that weaken the maintenance function derived from the change of family structure，Should be comprehensive、System Research and Pension Support Policy，Strengthen the function of family supporting elderly。First, through economic compensation、Tax reduction and exemption、Service supporting、Holiday arrangement and other methods to reduce the burden of parenting in the family，Encourage fertility，Improve the birth rate; reduce the burden of family pension，Encourage the care of the family to carry out ability，Solve the problem of the family's "heartless" problem。Second, the education guidance and legal compulsory requirements are coexisted，Effectively strengthen family construction。Vigorously promote the core values ​​of socialism，Establish a good family style。

Authorized empowerment，Improve the support function of the street and township community in the elderly service。Implementation of the street office (township people's government) and the community resident committee (villagers committee) in the construction of the socialized pension service system，Clarify the list of responsibility Bet365 lotto review for the elderly service of the street and township community; strengthen the basic data and informatization construction based on the elderly in the street and township community，Make "find the elderly in the community" and "the elderly find the community"; give the street and township community the quality supervision function of the pension service agencies and operators in the jurisdiction; strengthen the main responsibility of the street and township communities to assist the elderly in defending rights，Carry out legal aid of rights protection of the elderly;，Give full play to the role of the elderly association; improve the "time bank" related mechanism，Encourage relatives or communities to carry out pension services，Promote the general development of "young vibrant elderly" care and assistance to specific elderly groups。The transformation from the real realization of the elderly from "unit people" to "social people" to "community people"。

Highlights，Focus on promoting the construction of a friendly environment at the street level。First, focus on promoting the construction of the family environment for family aging。Carry out the aging transformation of the eligible elderly families who are evaluated，Give a certain amount of funding subsidies，Relieve that the elderly are uncomfortable with life due to changes in physiological function，Improve the quality of life and self -care for the elderly，Reduce the hidden dangers of the elderly due to falling and other injuries。Second, focus on promoting the environmental construction of the friendly living area of ​​the elderly。Carry out comprehensive aging transformation in the old community、On the basis of installing an elevator for the old building，It should be updated in combination with urban renewal，Strengthen the construction of a friendly and living environment at the residential district level，Highlighting public channels、Public lighting、Community casual green space、Street Heart Park、The aging transformation bet365 live casino games of public spaces such as community fitness places，Make the elderly not only "down the building"，Also "get out of the door" "get on the car"。Third, focus on promoting the construction of a friendly and healthy environment for the elderly。Also "get out of the door" "get on the car"、Rehabilitation Nursing and other specific methods to connect with medical insurance; for the actual characteristics of the community for the elderly for the elderly，Establishing a joint supervision mechanism for the department，For a community pension service provider registered in the civil affairs department，Food regulatory authorities are allowed to provide meals and delivery services after being filed simultaneously，Taking food safety as the key point of supervision。

Multiple measures，Promote the education of aging national conditions sinking into the grassroots、Enter the community。Adhere to education guidance and legal compulsory requirements，Methods and methods to improve the education of the elderly national conditions，It also conducts regular inspection activities such as compulsory law enforcement inspections，The content should be highlighted from content: first, the excellent traditional cultural education of filial piety and the elderly; the other is to improve the special education of health literacy，Blood pressure measurement、Blood pressure measurement、Blood glucose measurement、Consultation procedure、First aid、Self -Health Management, etc.; Third, diet、Education of Nutrition and Health; Fourth, self -help mutual assistance education; fifth is the suitable sports project of the elderly、Method、Education of meaning，Formulate personal sports prescriptions, etc.; Sixth is the special education of cleaning, health, physical and mental health; seventh is to strengthen the education of anti -fraud for the elderly，Improve the self -protection consciousness of the elderly。

From form，It should improve the fun and knowledge of educational activities，Bet365 lotto review Adopt more preferences to see、Easy -to -understand form。Education for the elderly in rural areas must be specially taken into account that its education level is low、Disclosure of residence and inconvenient action; the scope of education can be expanded to all villagers、Village cadre，Especially the elderly children and supporting obligations。

(Author Unit: The Institute of Development and Strategy of Renmin University of China、Beijing Xi Jinping's new era of socialist ideology research centers in the new era)