"Suspects" is a term from the recording of the Buddhist scriptures，It mainly refers to the "doubt" sutra that is difficult to discern in the Buddhist scripture and the "pseudo -delusion" scripture that the fake Toro said。They are a type of classics that appear with the translation of the Buddhist scriptures，It is the product of the development of Chinese Buddhism to a certain stage，It is of great significance to study the Sinicization of Buddhism。But，Ancient orthodox Buddhists needed to discriminate the need for pseudo -authenticity and pure beliefs，Circulation of the suspicion of suspicion，As a result of a large number of suspicion and false scriptures, it was abandoned by the Tibetan scriptures of all ages，Most of them have been dead。

1900，It is preserved in the literature discovered in the Dunhuang Tibetan scriptures.，It opened a brand new world for the study of Buddhist Sinicization。"From the beginning of the new learning，Most of them are due to the gift of new discovery。"" The suspected pseudo -Buddhist scriptures that have been lost for thousands of years，It was found that it caused the academic world to pay attention soon。From the breadth and depth of the research，Research on Dunhuang Suspected Sutra Over the A century，can be bounded in 1980，Divided into two stages。

Before 1980，French Bobei He、Dai Mi Wei，Japanese Yaka Kyoko、Wangyue Xinheng、Mutian 谛、Mutian 谛、Yujing Boshou，Wang Guowei of China、Chen Yinque、Tang Yongtong、Ren Jiyu and bet365 Play online games other scholars，All have made a pioneering research on the suspicion and false scriptures，Among them, the biggest contribution is Yaakuka Qinghui and Mutian Liang。The 1930s，Yakura Qinghui took him the suspicion of the suspicious scripture in Dunhuang's suicide book，Photos are compiled as "Mingsha Yuyun"。Since then，Yakukai Qinghui also wrote "Mingsha Yu Yun · Commentary"，Solving problems for nearly 40 suspects，The content involves the existing status of each scripture、Records、Write the records and the establishment process，His recording article later included in the 85th Volume 85 of the Dazheng New Tibetan Scripture，The basis for suspected and false study research in the long period of time。1976，Mu Tian Liang's "Suspected Scripture Research"，Using Dunhuang writing volumes to do literature inspection for suspicion，and classify it from the perspective of compiling motivation，Extremely torture the existing status of bet365 Play online games each suspected and false scripture、Establishing background，This is the first monograph in the study of suspicion。

After 1980，The study of suspicion and false scriptures has become a hot spot in the international Buddhist community，A group of outstanding scholars have emerged，such as Xu Lihe in Europe and the United States、Baswell、Tai Shiwen、Guo Liying、Yu Junfang，Kiyoshi Kiyoshi Kiyoshi in Japan、Follow Jun Dian、Ibon、Pianshan Toru、Nishimoto Zhaozhen，Fang Guangxi of China、Mr. Zhang、Li Xiaorong、Wang Juan、Bayber、Zhang Miao、Wu Xiaoyu、Cao Ling、Yu Shujian、Xiong Juan、Wang Meng et al.，Research on the problem of suspicion and false scriptures，Innovation in theoretical methods、bet365 live casino games Use of new information、Organization of text，All have a lot of advancement。

European and American school，Xu Lihe and the Shouluo Picchu Sutra、Roy's research on the Polly Scriptures，Make suspects into an important issue for Buddhist research。1990，Baswell edited "Chinese Buddhist Pseudo Classic"，Content involving the overall evaluation of suspicious and false research and in -depth research on a single suspected and false scripture。After 1996，Tai Shiwen started with the "Ten King Sutra" and "Yulan Pill Sutra"，detailed analysis of the customs of how Buddhism in daily life is inherent in Middle -earth、Concept fusion。other，Guo Liying's "Zhancha Scriptures"、Yu Junfang's research on the Gao Wang Guanyin Sutra is also quite refined。

Japanese academic circles，between 1994-1998，The "Seven Temple Guyi Classic Research Series" (1-6 volume)，In the book, the suspicion of the ancient scriptures in the ancient scriptures of the Qi Temple made a systematic composition and research。2000，The "Comprehensive Research on the Suspicious Buddhist Division" edited by Kimura Kiyoshiro discusses the inherent reasons and creation of suspicious pseudo -Buddha scriptures、The era and social background of the circulating。other，Nishimoto Zhao really taught third -order teaching，Ibon Dun made a exquisite and unique research on the issue of Sinicization of the Six Dynasties Buddhist scriptures on the "King of Heart Bodhisattva"。

Chinese academic circles，Fang Guangzheng on the basis of the school management of certain suspicion，Putting the phenomenon of "pseudo -pseudo"，It advocates that "translation standards" as the standard for judging suspicion，It should be bet365 best casino games seen from the perspective of "cultural convergence".。Other scholars also published a number of results，Most of them are in -depth investigations of a certain or certain type of suspect research，As President Zhang's belief in Tibet、Research on the third -order teaching classics，Wang Juan's research on the Buddhist Buddhist scriptures，Li Xiaorong's research on "Gao Wang Guanyin Scriptures" and "Renewal Sutra", etc.。

Except religion、Historical Discussion，Many scholars are also from language、Literature Catalog、The perspective of residual rolls is studied for suspicion and false scriptures。Language and text，Zheng Acai demonstrated the research value of the "Puxian Bodhisattva's Certificate" from the perspective of language。Yu Shujian takes the 85th volume of the "Dazheng New Cultivation" as the research object，published a series of papers such as "Value of Dunhuang Buddhist Doubt and Pseudo -Scripture Language"，Publishing monographs "Research on Dunhuang Buddhist Cultural Ci and Vulgar Words — Centers for Dunhuang Gu and Suspects"，Detailed test interpretation of the words and vulgar characters in Dunhuang Buddhism and pseudo -doubt。Literature Catalog，Cao Ling's "Chinese Buddhist Suspected Pseudo -Sutra Map" has made a comprehensive cleanup of Buddhist suspects in the past，From different names、Records of the past generations、Existing situation、Cited situation、Records、Introduction to the content of content。Wang Meng's "Dunhuang Buddhist Suspected Pseudo -Scripture Map" is described and introduced by the existing status of more than 100 Buddhist suspected pseudosa in Dunhuang's testament，Research and study reviews for bet365 Play online games each suspected and false scripture，The latest and most complete directory of Dunhuang Buddhist suspected pseudo -scriptures。Residual rolls together，Zhang Xiaoyan will synthesize 70 groups in 22 suspected pseudo -scriptures in 22 suspected and false scriptures such as "Polly Polly Scriptures"，restore the appearance of the relevant suspected and false scriptures。

School recording aspect，"Dazheng New Cultivation of the Tibetan Scriptures" Volume 85 "Suspected Department" included 56 suspected pseudo -Jing Jing identified by the editor at that time，Among them, some of them are confirmed to be confirmed by the non -suspect。"Foreign Buddhist Literature" edited by Fang Guangyi (series 1-16)，I have finished more than 20 kinds of Buddhist suspected pseudo -sutras。Other scholars also make school records for certain suspicions，Ruhua Wenwen's school record of the Shoulotchi Sutra、Zhang Yongquan's sorting of "Parents' Heavier Classics"。

The collation and research of Dunhuang Buddhist suspected and pseudo -study over the century，I have achieved certain results，At the same time, there are places worth reflecting。First，Materials，The sorting of suspicion of the text is too lagging，seriously hindered the progress of research。2，Object，Pay more attention to classics that are closely related to the people's lives，such as the "Ten King Sutra", "Gao Wang Guanyin Jing", etc.;，Such as the "Fa Wang Jing", "The Great Tragedy", etc.。third，On the results，Specific research on a single or certain type of pseudo -scripture，Lack of the nature of the "Suspected Sutra"、The overall grasp of the features and the global observation。Fourth，Method，More based on the analysis and research of literature，bet365 Play online games less from Buddhism、Sociology、Comparison Study of the perspective of history。

Where，"Solidarity of Suspects" is currently the most urgent task。Research on this literature in Dunhuang Writing，It must be based on reliable text，The arrangement of the literature is the prerequisite and guarantee of research。Only rely on accurate text，Only to achieve Buddhism、Sociology、History and other aspects conducted a comprehensive study of suspicion and false scriptures。"The Dazheng New Cultivation of the Dazhuang Sutra" Volume 85 The nearly 40 suspected pseudo -Jing，It is the results of 90 years ago。Due to the limited writing book at the time，Coupled with the editor's Chinese culture、Dividation of Vulgar Characters，It is inevitable that the error is inevitable。Zuo Jingquan once pointed out that there are many "debate"，Such as "Movement error or discharge schools to be underwritten", "Patriarch sentences are accidentally harmed in literature and science", etc.，This collation can already not meet the needs of the researcher。and now，China、UK、France、The publication of the Dunhuang literature in Russia and other public and private institutions and the publication of high -definition photos，Create objective conditions for comprehensively and systematically organized the suspicion and false classics。

So，The urgent task of studying Dunhuang Buddhist suspected and pseudo -study in the future is: based on a comprehensive investigation of all published Dunhuang literature catalogs，Write all Buddhist doubts and pseudo -scriptures as one editor，The results of the research on Dunhuang Buddhist suspected and pseudo -study in the past century remit the school，Ji of the achievements bet365 best casino games of the former sage，Edit a high -quality、High -level "Complete Works of Dunhuang Buddhism Suspicious Sutra"，Provide a collation of sperm review for the academic community、Trusty finishing the book。

(The author is a professor of literature unearthed literature and ancient text research center)