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Explore the functions and characters of the US think tank

July 17, 2020 02:38 Source: "China Social Sciences", July 17, 2020, 1969th author: This newspaper reporter in Boston, Hou Li

　　Number of American think tanks，As of 2020，There are nearly 2,000 think tanks in the United States，accounting for about a quarter of the world。US think tanks have conducted in -depth research on international issues and American contemporary affairs，It also has a huge influence on the US international domestic policy。

　　Mark Rom, a professor at Georgetown University in the United States, said，Each federal government dependence on think tanks is different。For example，Obama government is proud of being a government that attaches great importance to intellectuals，Very important empirical research，Therefore, think tanks have indeed had a significant impact on the Obama administration。But below，The current federal government is obviously "unbelievable expert"，President Trump often question the work Bet365 lotto review of any authoritative research institution。

　　Some scholars think，In addition to affecting public policy，Some think tanks are often training bases who want to obtain a foothold in the media or power corridors。Policies and ideas are often formed by prisms of political prejudice，So know who is "buying" for these ideas is very important。

　　Rom said，"What I think the public needs to know is，When a think tank releases a report，Those who read this report should try to understand whether the report is affected by the funders "，This is very important for judgment report position。But，Rom said at the same time，The research made by excellent think tanks is often more open and transparent，Readers can also feel their independence。

　　"Think tanks have always played a very important role in policy formulation and politics"。Eric Rosenbach, a researcher at Belffe Science and International Affairs Center, said，The influence of think tanks mainly has two different ways: one is to clarify new ideas and work hard to promote these ideas，The second is to train politicians to engage bet365 live casino games in related activities，Think Tank is also a rotating door for talents。For example，The Vice President of the Bush Government Cesoni、Minister of Defense Ramsfield and Secretary of State Rice are from think tanks。

　　Alek CHANCE) Thinking，Although not widely recognized，But American think tank plays an important role in public affairs，Make an important impact in the decision -making process。They identify questions and raise policy recommendations，Provide professional knowledge and personnel for the government，and affect the public。

　　American think tank spread information to policy makers、The outline of shaping the public discourse has played many functions even in the operation of the US government。News institutions and Congress Committee often require think tank scholars to provide professional knowledge。

　　Independent research of some think tanks has indeed made great contributions to American society。For example，The Brookings Institute's research on the cause of the "Great Depression" in the early 1930s，is the typical example of the independent contribution Bet365 app download of the think tank to policy debate。

　　But，Many American think tanks，Its organizational structure and economic source are also huge。Even among the 21 institutions with the highest income，The scale of the US think tank also has considerable differences。Ru Rand's annual income of hundreds of millions of dollars and the scale of thousands of employees，Even the second -ranked Brukinstein Society is dwarfed。other，There are a large number of small think tank agencies in the United States，Usually consisting of more than a dozen or less employees，Some year's budget is less than $ 1 million。

　　Compared with，In recent decades，The number of small think tanks that specializes in smaller policy and even study a single problem in the field of small policy is surging — such as the Center for Climate Security。But，Even in the maximum and most well -known think tank organization，There is also a certain degree of professional division of labor。Diplomatic Relations Committee (CFR)、Strategy and International Research Center (CSIS) specifically study diplomatic relations。Bet365 lotto review Urban Institute (Urban Institute) focuses on domestic finances、Housing and health policy，No Study on Foreign Affairs。

　　Although the think tank is not a higher education institution，But the influence of US policy research institutions on Washington is even higher than higher education institutions。early 20th century，With Carnegie International Peace Foundation (1910)、The Brukins Society (1916)、Hoover Research Institute (1919) and the establishment of the Diplomatic Relations Committee (1921), etc.，The first wave appeared in the US think tank，These organizations often think that they are "universities without students"。The Brukins Institute (originally the Institute of Government) even awarded a graduate degree for a period of time。

　　But，Some US think tanks no longer follow the research mode of scholars based on scholars。Organizations like Rand Company mainly participate in commissioned research projects (mostly commissioned by the US government)，Organization like a traditional foundation or the US Progress Center，Its research projects are more supportive to Bet365 app download support ideology or party agenda。Some scholars in the United States think，Some think tanks blurred the boundaries between academic and propaganda，Its research ability and independence are criticized。

　　What needs to be seen is，For various reasons，Think tank experts are often better than scholars from traditional American universities.，The professionalism of research and cultivation of talents is worth paying attention to。Especially in recent years，The voice of the independence of think tanks is getting higher and higher。Some scholars think，Although the think tank scholars do provide important consultations for policy makers，But the US think tank must try to maintain separation from politics，to avoid excessive direct influence with the government and policy。

　　(Our newspaper Boston, June 20th)

Responsible editor: Changchang