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US higher education cannot take into account both excellence and availability

July 17, 2020 02:15 Source: "China Social Sciences", July 17, 2020, No. 1969 Author: Reporter Wang Youran

　　Recent，Michael M. Crow, President of Arizona State University, and William B. Dabars, associate professor of the school's future Social Innovation College, the Associate Professor of the School of Social Innovation, " : Published by the Evolution of Higher Education。This book thinks，The top research university in the United States is at the forefront of the world in scientific discovery and innovation，But the global leading position of these schools does not represent the overall level of US higher education，His educational and research activities also largely separate from the socio -economic challenges faced by most Americans。For this，This reporter interviewed experts and scholars on related issues。

　　"Boutique Store" education is far from social needs

　　The author of the book said，When conducting strategic investment in popular education in various countries around the world，The existing academic infrastructure in the United States can no longer fully meet the people’s higher education needs。The top American private research university and the School of Arts and Sciences, which are among the top lists on the rankings of major universities，It is constantly improving the screening standard for students' enrollment，Ru Harvard University、Stanford University and other famous schools and other famous schools admitted to only 4%-5%of the total number of applicants bet365 best casino games each year，The screening of American public research universities, which are ranked among the top, becomes stronger and stronger。Talent training strategy of "boutique style" of top -level research universities makes it difficult to expand the "service scale"，They face changes in the population structure、Technical change、The reaction to the reduction of the budget of higher education is to continue to advance high education costs and tuition fees。Since these universities have always successfully attracted the best students、Teachers and considerable capital support，So the motivation for them to protect their "brand" and institutional model is very strong。The American New York Times columnist David Brooks has commented，We did not "tailor" a higher education system based on people's actual needs，Instead, a defective system is established and asked people to adapt to it。

　　Actually，The higher education environment in the United States is not always the case。Lawrence F. Katz, a professor of economics at Harvard University, and Claudia Goldin, in the book "Education and Technology Competition"，In the first 75 years of the 20th century，Public higher education to raise the level of education in the United States to the forefront of the world，At the same time, it has also become a springboard for millions of Americans to change its social status; and scientific and technological innovation born in colleges and universities after World War II also accelerated industrial and commercial innovation。But，Starting in the 1970s and 1980s，With the rise and global bet365 Play online games development of other countries in the world，The wealth gap in the United States is continuously expanded，Tuition fees for private colleges and universities are sharp inflation，The state government has gradually reduced funding for public universities。These trends make the people accept the needs of higher education and the incomplete matching quota between high -quality universities and become more serious，So that many vulnerable people or students from difficult families cannot achieve upward social flow by receiving higher education。At the same time，The characteristics of de -industrialization and other economic structure have further exacerbated the US economic inequality。

　　American sociologist、Professor Craig Calhoun, a professor at Arizona State University, said，Academic culture's pursuit of "excellence" in the usual sense，Drive all institutions to invest in a "competition that has changed from the method to the purpose itself"。With the "marketization" development of higher education and research activities，Universities are becoming more unequal。The connotation of the concept of "Excellence" reflects the change of social values。The proper assessment of the achievements and advantages of merit and advantages is reduced without deep consideration、Level ranking that cannot accurately reflect academic quality，Excellence of individual elite universities facing a few rich students in the family is exaggerated，It is them that they have excluded those applicants who have good qualifications but have poor origin。

　　David L. Di Maris, bet365 Play online games the president of the University of Maryland's Balt Momo, said，The consistent purpose of many private research universities is to meet the educational needs of the elite class，Serving ordinary people、Improvement of the local community may not be its core mission，This is one of the reasons for their strict screening standards。Another，Improper college rankings also encourage this approach，Because the school participating in the ranking always eliminates how many people (that is, the screening rate), not the admission of how many people to get the top ranking。

　　The author of the book said，Some elite universities are working hard to recruit students with poor social and economic conditions，But the admission result and the family background still present a significant correlation。If a higher education system is actually concerned about sending the most likely successful students into a school with the most resources，while other students with the same potential are "exiled" to "second -rate school"，So this system will not make society stronger and ignites people's hope for social progress。

　　Pay attention to higher education can be available

　　The author of the book thinks，In the global knowledge economy，Whether the country wants to maintain its international status and competitive advantage，Still individual wants to achieve success and happiness，must be allowed to receive higher education，Especially combining a comprehensive general education course with the cutting -edge knowledge technology in the post -industrialization era of the post -industrial era。In the next decades，The United States needs to expand the capacity bet365 Play online games of universities on the order of millions of people，This is an objective requirement for social equality and prosperity。As the former president of Princeton University, William G. Bowen, said，"Only when universities use all talent reserves，The scale of educational scale in society can be formed "。

　　Public functions to strengthen higher education，Promote high -quality universities to make bigger for the common prosperity and well -being of the whole societyContribution，The author of the book calls on large public research universities to lead the transformation of higher education in the United States，Production of the most cutting -edge knowledge、Technical innovation and extensive population representativeness、Thought diverse combination，To accelerate the emergence of positive social achievements。Excellence and accessibility of higher education (accessibility) is not only compatible，and is a synergy (synergistic)。Current，The development of labor automation and the popularity of the zero -worker economy，Added the instability of the labor market，and bring frequent skill upgrades or steering requirements。Therefore，Strengthening this and sexual trend of strengthening higher education is imperative。

　　2002，Crows after the president of Arizona State State State，Initiating the establishment of a 21st Century Public Research University (that is, "Fifth Inspur University"), a 21st Century Public Research University (that is, "Fifth Inspur University")。After nearly 20 years of hard work，The number of admission to the school Bet365 app download has increased significantly，Student diversity enhancement，Scientific research undertakings have also been expanded unprecedented。Drive by similar target，Arizona State State University、Kansas University、University of Texas University Austin、11 public research universities including Michigan State University established the "University Innovation Alliance" in September 2014，IVE improves efficiency through cooperation，Cultivate more college graduates for the United States，Especially students from low -income families and ethnic minorities。

　　Di Maris told this reporter，In the past 30 years，Controversy about whether higher education belongs to public goods or private items.。When more and more people feel that higher education brings great benefits to individuals，But fewer and fewer people feel that higher education brings great benefits to society。but but，A group of public research universities, including the University of Maryland Balthar, are establishing a new type of tolerance and excellence，Efforts to improve the availability of higher education。

　　American political scientist Suzanne Mettler has criticized Americans one of the most outstanding achievements and historical heritages of the country -higher education system。The author of the book also thinks，If you cannot establish a new higher education mode，The United States will eventually face important talent resources decline。Therefore，American universities need to be fully redesigned，Meeting higher education needs for more people，and make full use of the complementarity between excellence and accessibility。

Editor in charge: Changchang