Looking back on my life，Maybe it can help you understand the uncertainty of fate，I also know my own value more clearly。A large number of studies show，Writing your own life，From birth to now，Telling about one’s painful experience in a grand context，Can significantly reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)。Measurement after one year，The effects of this writing bet365 withdrawal are still significant，Even better than traditional supportive counseling、Psychoeducation、Stress Inoculation bet365 withdrawal has more significant effects。Michelle Ferrari of the University of Toronto, Canada is a senior expert in the study of wisdom，He believes that personal wisdom is the meaning that an individual extracts from his or her own life narrative。Many scholars in the field of wisdom believe，Wisdom-bet365 withdrawal helps individuals with their mental health and happy life。Among them，German scholars Kunzmann and Stange believe，Personal wisdom-based bet365 withdrawal particularly effective for post-traumatic embitterment disorder。

Narrative writing bet365 withdrawal is a treatment method for post-traumatic stress disorder，Its effectiveness has been supported by empirical research。Among them，The most well-studied include structured writing bet365 withdrawal (interapy，Also known as structured writing bet365 withdrawal)、Expressive writing bet365 withdrawal (written disclosure，Also known as expressive writing) and narrative exposure bet365 withdrawal，NET）。

Structured writing bet365 withdrawal is a structured writing bet365 withdrawal，Usually via the Internet。Standard treatment consists of ten 45-minute writing sessions，Treatments are usually performed twice weekly，5 weeks period。The writing bet365 withdrawal is divided into three stages。The first phase consists of four writing therapies，At this stage，Individuals write in detail about traumatic events they have experienced，and their thoughts and feelings about the incident。The second phase focuses on cognitive re-evaluation，Individual provides encouraging advice to an imaginary friend who has experienced a similar traumatic event。Specifically，The writer instructs this imaginary friend to consider，What can he/she learn from the traumatic event，And what positive impact these learned things may have on his/her life。The third stage involves psychological closure of the event。For this，The writer shares details of a traumatic event with a close person。Before this stage，Therapist tells writer social support is important for recovery from PTSD，Sharing this information can increase social support。Next，Everyone’s request is based on what they learned from the traumatic event，Write down how their life might turn out。During the entire treatment process，Writers submit each of their written narratives online，And get feedback on every piece of writing from a trained therapist。

Currently，Two studies have examined the effects of structured writing bet365 withdrawal on those with diagnosed or possible PTSD。Based on these two studies，This bet365 withdrawal has potential as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder。However，The only two studies currently conducted on people with confirmed or possible PTSD，And the studies varied widely in the content of the treatment programs and how they were used (i.e., Internet vs. face-to-face communication)。Nevertheless，Their findings are noteworthy，Because these studies show，For those who cannot receive treatment in person，Structured writing bet365 withdrawal may be a viable treatment option。Given that many people in need of treatment live in remote areas，And may not have access to a trained trauma therapist，The use of the Internet to provide bet365 withdrawal is attractive。

Expressive writing bet365 withdrawal was proposed by Pennebaker and Beall，Widely studied by many researchers。During the initial treatment session，Individual describes a traumatic or stressful event for 20 minutes on three separate occasions。Write in a slightly different way each day: the first phase of writing focuses on describing events in detail，And thoughts and feelings you had during and immediately after the incident；The second stage continues to describe the details of the event，Then describe the subsequent impact of the incident on the life of the person involved；The third writing session encourages the writer to “summarize” his/her description and feelings about the event，And how he/she thinks this incident will affect his/her future。While the person in treatment is allowed to write about the same event or a different event each time they write，Discovered by Sloanet et al.，Writing about the same traumatic event every time can significantly reduce PTSD symptoms。

Currently，Only 7 published studies have included individuals with confirmed or possible PTSD，An investigation into the effectiveness of expressive writing bet365 withdrawal。These studies show，If used more than 3 treatments of 20 minutes or longer，This treatment may be effective。The important thing is，Individual reported high levels of treatment satisfaction，And the efficacy is related to the low attrition rate of the sample。These findings are interesting，Because this bet365 withdrawal involves far fewer steps than other PTSD treatment options，And there are no home tasks between steps。For patients and therapists，This bet365 withdrawal may be more cost-effective than other current evidence-based treatments for PTSD。But，Just 3 sessions of writing bet365 withdrawal may not be effective。Less than 3 writing sessions，Especially oral narrative bet365 withdrawal，On the contrary, it may worsen the condition。

Narrative exposure bet365 withdrawal is the most fully supported by effective evidence among the three narrative writing therapies。In different studies，The number and duration of treatments vary greatly。Although the number of treatments is different，But all changes in treatment options come from trauma survivors recounting their life experiences from birth to the present，Especially traumatic experiences。The narrative will be provided to the therapist，Therapists will transcribe autobiographical narratives of trauma survivors and guide them。Therefore，In this bet365 withdrawal，The therapist’s degree of intervention is essentially different from the first two therapies。

Narrating that exposure bet365 withdrawal was originally developed for use in developing countries，But it is more commonly used among asylum seekers and refugees。A unique feature of this bet365 withdrawal is，Individuals do not write about their traumatic events in isolation。Opposite，They narrate their traumatic events within the context of their entire lives，Although their autobiographical accounts focus more on traumatic experiences。Compared to other two narrative treatment options，More studies using narrative exposure bet365 withdrawal with PTSD samples。These studies used both open trials and randomized controlled trials，Provides strong support for this bet365 withdrawal。It’s worth noting，Lay counselors can be trained to implement treatment plans，And the churn rate of treatment is very low。In addition，Differences between studies in the number and duration of treatments should be noted: compared to studies using a greater number of sessions (e.g. 10 sessions)，Shorter formats of sessions (e.g. 4-6 sessions) also appear to produce beneficial results。In the future, we should study the minimum number of treatments to achieve the desired effect，This can make treatment more economical、Efficient。Describe the obvious treatment differences between exposure bet365 withdrawal and the first two treatments。This bet365 withdrawal involves a therapist，Guiding trauma survivors through their entire life narrative，Also helps survivors record their life narratives in writing。In future research，It will be important to investigate the role and influence of the therapist in narrative exposure bet365 withdrawal。

　(Author’s unit: Hangzhou Normal University Art bet365 withdrawal Psychological Research Center、Hangzhou Normal University Institute of Psychological Science)