[Academic China ▪ Sociology]
October 15, 2021 07:12 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences", October 15, 2021, Issue 2266, Issue 2266

  bet365 Play online games

China's movement to modernization,It is a major event in the history of world modernization。Sociology is the development of the historical process of world modernization,The huge change of each modernization,All produced the theory of development of sociology with world influence。But,The puzzling is,Modern practice of East Asian countries and regions, known as the "East Asian Miracle",So far, there has not。This description from one side,Oriental Sociology, including Chinese sociology,More theoretically build a tree。From the perspective of theoretical construction of international science,"New Development Sociology" is a tradition with academic accumulation、Choice of rich practical foundation and theoretical construction potential。Practice after more than 40 years of reform and opening up,Chinese -style modernization has formed its own distinctive features,China based on its own new development experience,Systematic theoretical understanding has been formed,It laid the foundation for building a new development sociology based on Chinese -style modern experience。

  China goes to modernizationIt is a very rare huge social change

This "rare" is prominently reflected in its huge population scale。The world modernization process has been carried out for hundreds of years,So far, the total population of modern developed countries in the world is less than 1 billion people。In a modern economy with a concentrated population,EU has more than 400 million people,There are more than 300 million people in the United States,There are more than 100 million people in Japan。and China is more than 1.4 billion people to modernize together,Modernization of the East and West will change fundamental changes because of this。This modernized huge scale,It is a deep reason for some Western politicians to suppress China,They often think that the rise of China means its relative decline。Many people in Western developed countries,There is also an understanding of anxiety that can be modernized to modernize China。Actually,History of world modernization has repeatedly proved,The big world can accommodate the common development of human society,Just like China's development practice has already answered the question of "Who will support China"。

  The process of moving towards modernizationIt is two major changes to perform at the same time

The huge change after China's reform and opening up,Two major transformations: one is a transition from a highly concentrated planned economic system to a socialist market economy system,is the process of transition to the economic system; the other is from agricultural society、Village society、Traditional society to industrial society、Town society、The process of transformation of modern society,is the process of social structural transformation。Perform two changes at the same time,Very special in the history of modernization。Some scholars explain China's modernization in the theoretical framework of "market transformation countries",Compared with the development of the country after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the former socialist country in Eastern Europe; some scholars explain China's modernization in the theoretical framework of the so -called "East Asian Confucian Cultural Circle",Compare the economic take -off process of the "Four Dragons" of East Asia。and actually,China's modernization is very bet365 Play online games different from these two。This economic system and social structure are dual -major transformation at the same time,Need a new theoretical interpretation framework。

  Chinese -style modernization realization of leapfrog developmentPrematures in the development stage

Western classic modernization theory has been broken according to the development experience of Western countries,Modernization is an economic industrialization、Political Democratization、Socialization、Hypsychological culture、The overall process of the rationalization of the organization,The transition from the traditional social structure type to the type of modern social structure。But the modernization of China shows the characteristics of leapfrog development,That is, it has gone through the development process of hundreds of years in many countries with decades。In this leapfrog development,Due to the unbalances of the development of development,China shows the "three -phase superposition" in the development stage in development,We want to face and solve agricultural society at the same time、Industrial society、The development of the post -industrial society。It is precisely because of the characteristics of the "three -phase superimposed" stage of this development stage,While China has achieved the development achievements that attract world attention,Modern standard measurements with modernized standards also have many unsatisfactory development problems,Including the gap between urban and rural development and the modern quality of people。

  China's global background to modernizeThe impact of the world's modernization world

In the past, the theory of development sociology did not lack the world's vision,Also from international economic order、The perspective of international division of labor or dependent development discusses the development relationship between developing countries and developed countries,Construction of the country of the border、Half -陲 Country、The important theoretical framework of the modern world system composed of core countries。But China moved towards modernization today,It is a major change in a century,Its degree and complexity are unprecedented。Use the previous modern world system theory、The "two major camps" theory in the historical background of "Cold War" and the "Civilized Conflict" theory,It seems it is difficult to explain the new international economic and political pattern。New development sociology requires a new global development world economic and political system theory,Come to build a new era of human destiny community and create win -win cooperation。

  China to modernize the Communist Party of ChinaLeadership and national memory

Since modern times,China is suffering from the powers of the powers、Sign the shame of the unequal treaty and the mourning compensation for mourning land。According to the calculation of relevant scholars,Modern China after the First Opium War in 1840,Due to the defeat and other reasons, the total value of war compensation required for the unequal treaty is as high as 1 billion silver。In the history of world modernization,No other country yet,Wealth is plundered so hugely。After the Opium War,Enlightenment、Salvation、Reform、Tuqiang becomes the historical theme of the Chinese nation,and go through the Westernization Movement、Wuxu Reform、Revolution of 1911、May 4th New Culture Movement and other modern history of political and social campaigns,Although the imperial system was overturned,But the country is still four -point crack、Poverty alleviation。China is on the road of strong reform,Introduction to various doctrines and trends,Try the Democratic Republican System、Constitution bet365 Play online games of the monarch、Parliament System and Presidential System,But all end in failure。China finally chose the road of Marxism and the reality of China,Chosen the leadership of the Communist Party of China,The national body and government of the People's Republic of China were selected,This is a choice of history。

  Chinese -style modern world contribution

  China as a developing country,The greatest contribution to its modernization to the world,is to reduce the poor in a large scale。1981 in the early days of reform and opening up,Every 100 in the world live in the population that lives under the poverty line,There are 43 Chinese people。Reform and opening up for decades,China has become the country with the largest number of poverty reduction in the world,More than 700 million people get rid of absolute poverty,The contribution rate to the world's poverty reduction exceeds 70%。China is in the process of modernization,No other countries invading other countries,No resource and wealth of other countries,No refugees exported to other countries。The size of the middle -income group in China is about 500 million people,It is the world's most potential、The fastest growth、A single consumer market with a large scale,This will become an important driving force to promote world economic growth。

 

  Multi -modernity and Chinese -style modernization road

The world of the 21st century is a single system,It is also a fragmented world。On the one hand,The characteristics of this world are manifested as the tension between global economic and technological dependence on mutual connection with society,On the other hand, it is manifested as the tension of cultural diversity and political specialty。People of all countries live under a common global conditions,But the cultural and institutional arrangements you face are different。The existence of the global common conditions does not mean that members of any country community must give up their traditional system and basic value orientation; it means global consciousness of common destiny and common responsibility、Ecological consciousness, and people's understanding of mutual understanding is developing slowly and steadily worldwide。

We must admit and respect the diversified path to modernization,and different coping methods for similar problems。At the same time,We must learn each other's experience and good practice。Citizens and their governments should avoid pursuing radical nationalism,Avoid imposing your own values ​​in people,but embrace cultural exchanges and civilization mutual learning。In promoting the peace relations between people of all countries、In terms of mutual understanding and cooperation,Scientists shoulder responsibility,At the same time, you should also play a key role。

I have mentioned the word "key node of social development",Including population growth control、Urbanization of the metropolis、Income and wealth inequality、Volkswagen Education and Employment Market、Welfare expenditure increase、Women's condition、Environmental problems, etc.,Modernization countries often face similar problems,But provides different cultural and institutional answers。So far,China's modern road is quite successful in responding to these key nodes。

 

  Grasp the modernization changes of the Chinese social structure

Social structure is a skeleton of society,Its changes are the most important fundamental social changes。In the modernization process of a country,The modern development of social structure should be regarded as basic connotation。

The connotation of the social structure itself,Social science has a multi -dimensional understanding,Marx、Turkan、Parsons and other classic sociologists bet365 Play online games have made a unique definition and interpretation of the core connotation of the social structure。Their understanding of the essence of the social structure is,Social structure is a general name for the relationship between social resource allocation。We think,It can theoretically regard the social structure as the following structure: social infrastructure (such as population structure、Home Structure)、Social Space Structure (such as urban and rural structure、Regional structure)、Social and economic activity structure (such as employment structure、Professional structure、Organizational structure)、Social Power -Structure of interest relationships (such as ownership structure、Class -Class structure、Social Welfare Distribution Structure) and Social Structure Structure (such as Law -Institutional Arrangement、National policy system、Social Value Specification System)。So,In a sense,,The modernization of social structure is the differentiation and integration of social structure based on the development of modern social production and living systems.。

Understand the historical premise of modernization of Chinese social structure in modern times,It is a necessary basis for grasping the laws of China's modernization process。Traditional Chinese Social Structure,Its backbone is the so -called "taxi industry and commerce" system built based on social occupation -identity class。But we must also pay attention to,outside this system,There are still many other occupations -identity class。In addition to occupation -identity class structure,We must also pay attention to the macro organization structure of the traditional society。This is an integration system for interest and power relationships,Including the Structure of the Empire、Social organizational structure、Social Structural Structure (various national specifications and social specifications) and the imperial power structure that has always received much attention -social autonomy power structure。At the same time,​​We should also investigate the collapse of the traditional social structure in modern times,This will provide us with a prerequisite for reviewing the special foundation of China's modernization。

Accurately grasp the changes in Chinese social structure over the past century,At the same time, it is necessary to briefly sort out a social nature battle that occurred in China in the 1920s and 1930s。This is designed to understand the nature of the historical change of Chinese social structure changes since modern times。The Chinese Communist Party characterized the Chinese society after the Opium War as a semi -colonial semi -feudal society,Other factions participating in the argument have different understanding。But you can see,No matter how each faction understands the nature of Chinese society in the 1920s and 1930s,Discussion on social structure and its changes has always been the core of the discussion,Knowing the change in it,In fact, it can be understood as the different grasps about the modernization of Chinese social structure。

From this perspective,We can make a staging change in the modernization of the century -old Chinese social structure based on major events in the process of Chinese social changes in modern times。The modernization process of the Chinese social structure in the first fifty years of the 20th century can be divided into two stages,that is, before 1927 and after 1927。Limited to data deficiency,We mainly pay attention to the structural changes of the Chinese population during this period (problem of urbanization process) and the changes of the class structure (the problem of the formation of the Bet365 app download modern social class),Division of social class and changes in class structure is the focus of analysis。The process and performance of social structure changes since the founding of New China,It mainly includes two stages。The first stage,1949-1978 The change of Chinese social structure during the planned economy period。In many aspects,This change is based on changes in production relations,Change of production data ownership is the basis for changes in social structure,At the same time, the change of social structure is also deeply affected by the revolution of the basic social system。But because of industrialization、The existence of the development of modern education,The change of Chinese social structure during this period has a modern nature。The second stage,Modernization of Chinese social structure since 1978。The important foundation of the changes in Chinese social structure during this period is still a major change in production relations,That is, the structure of the production data ownership and the transition based on this economic system (the establishment and development of the socialist market economy system); at the same time,Industrialization、Urbanization、The rapid development of modern education and the modernization of the social norm system,It is also an important motivation for the modernization of Chinese social structure during this period。

 

  Contemporary Chinese Social Governance Innovation and People's Community New Civilization

Why does Chinese society maintain long -term stability in the rapid reform and development of more than 40 years,Why is it very different from Western development since modern times? What is the path and logic of Chinese civilization towards modernization?。"Chinese Miracle" behind contains the interaction symbiosis of Chinese social governance practice and the people's community,While opening up the form of new civilization for human beings,With distinctive value -oriented and innovative practice, it provides all human beings with extraordinary wisdom sharing。

  Chinese -style social governance historical practiceessential logic

Compared to the governance transformation of hundreds of years in Western countries,China, with a population with a population of 100 billion, has achieved significant achievements that have attracted much attention after only decades under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,The deep mechanism of which is exactly in the unique historical practice experience,It is reflected in the Communist Party of China as a community based on the value of the people's original value,People's nature is a concentrated manifestation of its essential logic。Three basic paths are worthy of attention。

First, the diverse governance structure in the development of local situations。The Communist Party of China adheres to the basic principles of Marxism and the actual combination of China,Always start with the well -being of the people,Take the road of Chinese -style socialism; always focus on the improvement of people's livelihood,Concentrated social consensus,Promoting social solidarity; always use party building as a guarantee and support system,Promote the improvement and development of the "one -axis diversified" governance structure; always adhere to and develop the entire process of democracy under the leadership of the party,Promote co -construction and co -governance sharing in negotiation and mutual respect。

Second is to promote the changes in government functions that advance with the times。The Communist Party of China pays attention to system reform and overall advancement,Adhere to scientific development,Promoting the construction of the "Government"; focusing on the reform strategy of "high -level promotion" to promote the government'Bet365 app download s governance system for the people's needs,Continuously optimize the supply model,Constantly promoting power and responsibility clear、System matching、System matching、Seamlessly connected for government governance mode。

Third, the social development model that adheres to order and motivation and organic balance。The party insists on building a people -centered government relationship,Based on the orderly empowerment of the public sector to the society,Continuously promote the development of public space in modern society,Build a benign interaction between the government and society、A reasonable division of labor Chinese -style "fusion" government relationship,The order and vitality of society can achieve organic balance。

  Breeding in governance innovationand build a people's community

The Communist Party of China in the long -term revolutionary struggle and socialist construction practice,Always adhere to the people、Rely on the people,Gradually accumulated three unique innovation governance strategies。

(1) Core expectations for the development of social development with a better life。"Food and Food Well -off", "Overall Well -off" and "Comprehensive Well -off Society" continuously guide and approach the expectations of the people to yearn for a better life,Internalize the expectations of the people and the "two hundred years" goal to the goal of China's deepening reform,and externalized externalization into real results,Then gathers a strong motivation to promote social governance transformation。

(2) Practice fairness and justice with the construction of the social system。Reform in market、Economic Globalization、Going to the new process of common prosperity,To improve the social security system to ensure the life of vulnerable groups,Building a labor security system for the weaving social security network of migrant workers in the city,To improve the financial insurance system to ensure the development of the middle class,Makes the people full of security。

(3) Leading the transformation of social governance with party building。The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized,"Courage to self -revolution,Strictly control the party,It is the most distinctive character of our party "。This means,The historical practice of Chinese social governance innovation is that the Communist Party continues to reflect on the pursuit of the mission according to the various feedback of the people、Do not forget the actual effect of the original intention。Different way of saying,The inherent motivation of the "continuous revolution" of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental guarantee for the continuous advancement of social governance innovation。

Logic logic of contemporary Chinese social governance practice,Not only in the unity of people's and publicity,And the people of the people of socialism with Chinese characteristics。

  Chinese -style social configuration methodExploring a new form of human civilization

(1) The driving force of contemporary Chinese modernization comes from the power of the people's community。Western modernization since modern times is a binary compete for society and the country、The roads developed in diversified competition and conflict development。The difference is,Under the leadership of the party,my country has gone out of the new road of modern Chinese -style modernization,One of the distinctive features is the path of social governance practice guided by the people's community。The people's community is the main body of the system、The subject of life is identified by each other,By common fundamental interests、Common moral life and common political life -based social configuration method。

Bet365 lotto review (2) Chinese -style modernization road is an inevitable choice for Chinese historical development,It is also the choice of the Chinese people。Socialist modernization civilization with Chinese characteristics,It created a new road that is different from Western modernization with its own practice,It is a major theoretical result of the Sinicization of Marxism,Explore new possibilities for the progress of human civilization。Today the world has experienced a big change in a hundred years,Where the human civilization has become a major choice in the world,Persist in the people's community that uses people's and publicity to resolve risks、Strengthen unity、Promoting development,Zhao shows the development of the development of the community of human future destiny。

  Construction of people's sociology, support Chinese styleThe academic interpretation of the people's community

The development of human civilization is at an important historical turn of the crossroads,Ethnic state must be examined from the basis of the people's nature、Plan、Copy challenge。It is in this sense,Contemporary Chinese social governance practice has brought experience to the world,It is necessary to refine and explain the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a timely manner and the wisdom behind it。Based on the experience of contemporary Chinese social governance practice experience, the concept of Chineseization with overall thinking with overall thinking,It can reflect the characteristics of the modernization of Chinese social governance methods,Able to reveal a new form of human civilization that is different from the modern road of Western modernization from the level of macro strategy and top -level design。In order to support the academic interpretation of the Chinese -style people's community,We want to refine these generalization as the basis for the construction of a people's sociology,and through this effort,Support for the academic interpretation of the Chinese -style people's community。

Editor in charge: Changchang
QR code icons 2.jpg
Key recommendation
The latest article
Graphics
bet365 live casino games
Video

Friendship link: Official website of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |

Website filing number: Jinggong.com Anmi 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:

All rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine shall not be reprinted and used without permission

General Editor Email: zzszbj@126.com This website contact information: 010-85886809 Address: 11-12, Building 1, Building 1, No. 15, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing: 100026