[Academic China ▪ Economics]
October 15, 2021 07:36 Source: "China Social Sciences", October 15, 2021, Issue 2266, Issue 2266

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For more than 40 years of reform and opening up,China's openness to the outside world is a unique road that is in line with its national conditions and follows the laws of development。

  The phased characteristics of China's opening to the outside world

China's open process shows three stages of characteristics。The first is progressive advance。From July 1979, the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to set up Shenzhen、Zhuhai、Shantou、Four Special Economic Zone in Xiamen,By 2000, accompanied by the implementation of the Western Development Strategy,Open opening to the outside world further expands to the western region,my country's sharing for about 21 years has achieved the gradual openness of the first stage。Subsequent,From the total level of import tariffs in 1996 to 23%、Cancel the quota license and restrictions of 176 imported products,By 2001, China officially joined the World Trade Organization、The total level of import tariffs drops to 15.3%,The total level of import tariffs in 2018 will be further dropped to 7.5%,The second stage of the 20 years in which my country has been in line with the WTO has completed the second stage of gradual opening up。Generally speaking,my country chooses a gradual open opening strategy,It is matched with the national conditions at the stage。The second is to open up and promote reform。Promote open,helps to create a new institutional needs,This provides the source of options for reform; it helps to provide new system supply,This provides a reference for reform; helps to create legal construction needs,This provides a sequential selection for legislation。The third is institutional openness。The 2018 Central Economic Work Conference proposed an important concept of "institutional openness",Emphasize the steady expansion rules、Regulations、Management、Standard and other institutions open,This is an important symbol for my country's opening to the outside world to enter the new stage。The importance of institutional openness,On the one hand, the stability and expected of the trade investment system,It is conducive to ensuring the long -term stable development of trade and investment; on the other hand, the market mechanism is allowed to play more the role of allocation of resources,Make opening up to continue to play an important role in promoting reform。Where,Give full play to the basic of the market in the cross -border allocation of the market、Decisive effect,mainly refers to: First, maintain "neutral" between exports and imports。Expand the market through export、The benefits of gaining economy and division of labor,Introduction to the introduction of various shortage resources through imports、Improve the technical level of domestic industries,The two are equally important。Second, keep "neutral" between absorbing foreign investment and foreign investment。Absorption of capital technology management experience brought by foreign capital,Investment income and local production advantages brought by foreign investment,The two are equally important。Bet365 lotto review Third, maintain "neutral" between foreign companies and domestic -funded enterprises。Fair competition can screen companies with strong competitiveness,Promote the efficiency and competitiveness of the entire industry。

  Seeking theoretical value in features and commonality

The classic theory of explaining the decision to open to the outside world includes "absolute advantage theory", "comparative advantage theory", "element endowment theory" and "sideline learning",The mode of explaining open features is usually divided into two modes: "vertical division of labor" and "horizontal division of labor"。The fundamental aspects of open opening to the outside world are in line with the law of development,Explain that Chinese experience is universal。The biggest feature of the early stage of opening is a large number of export labor dense products and a large amount of capital technology,Hosting a typical vertical division of labor with developed countries,Comparison advantage theory、Election endowment theory can be explained; in the later period, as the national conditions continue to change,The characteristics of openness also change with it,Product structure、Fund and technology imports and exports can be iterated,The division of labor mode gradually shifts to horizontal division of labor,These changes can get better theoretical explanations。The conclusion is,China's development path is different from other countries,With its unique features and outstanding achievements, the world is widely concerned。Therefore,Tell Chinese Stories,Is the responsibility of Chinese scholars,It is also the comparative advantage of academic research; at the same time,We have to study the characteristics,It is also necessary to study the commonality of characteristics,Find the general law of phenomena。Only this,Only Chinese characteristics have universal value,can be used by more countries,Growth into a theoretical system with world influence。

 

  China's path to build a new order of Eurasia's economy

The experience of China's economic modernization is unique。Current,China is building socialism with Chinese characteristics,And the world also needs to use such excellent experience to create economic miracles。Needless doubt,We can and should learn the glorious experience of Chinese reform。

  New governance body manufacturing on China's economic miracle

Since the reform and opening up,China promotes the technological revolution and governance revolution at the same time,Created a new governance system。In fact,China is making important contributions to creating a new order of the world economy。The effectiveness of this new governance system,Not only surpass the Soviet Union's planned economic system,It is even obviously better than the multinational monopoly financial system under the capitalist system。We call it a "mixed system",The reason why it is "mixed",It is reflected in China to build a combination of the interests of various social groups、Self -organizing mechanism of strategic planning and market,National unified control of capital flow and private enterprises,and the governance system for infrastructure coordinated management。

China is a developing country under the socialist system,Chinese economic miracles as national capitalism bet365 live casino games are completely wrong。A new governance system built by China,It is an ideological socialist system,Pay attention to the interests of the people higher than everything,Improve people's living standards、Improve the quality of people's life is the primary task of the country。other,Strengthen environmental protection、Mastering modern advanced technology,It also makes the Chinese economy more competitive and leading。For more than 40 years of reform and opening up,China's total economic volume has expanded 10 times。Current,Under the background of relatively slow economic development in developed countries,This achievement in China is really amazing。

At the same time,In the past 10 years,The core country of the world capitalist system has always tried to maintain its own economic vitality by issuing currency,But these banknotes bring a series of financial bubbles。Although a large amount of money is issued、Use zero interest rate policy,But the United States、Japan and South Korea and other economies have not achieved rapid growth。This is because of the previous economic management system,That is, the order of the world economic empire is losing vitality。Today,China's economic monetization is already twice the United States,Explain that China's economy is more developed and healthy。This is because the Chinese government issued currencies mainly for investment loans。Issuing currency、The main significance of implementing monetary policy is to maximize the amount of investment activity。The state through investment development and production、Research and Development New Technology,better management of private enterprises,and then output、Resident income、Consumption scale and people's life quality reached the maximum growth and improvement。Therefore,The economic governance system created in China,Can be used by other developing countries,This is a very important result。

China today is no longer a catch -up economy,but the upcoming economy。China has the largest modern 5G communication network,far surpassed the United States and Europe。China implements a solar scheme in a large scale,and solar energy is becoming the main engine of structural changes in the energy system。China has successfully developed nano -biological engineering technology、Add material manufacturing technology,is undergoing production robots、Create the world's largest artificial intelligence system。China is still effectively managed its information space based on the most advanced information system。No doubt,China will complete the task of turning its national technology to "self -sufficient" in the "Fourteenth Five -Year" plan。Because China has adopted a more effective governance system,This system clarifies the focus of technological and economic development、​​Stimulated the vitality of the market entity。

  Efforts to build a new order of the world economy

These revolutionary changes are also reflected in the cooperation framework of Russia and China,The two countries are implementing the Eurasian Economic Union and the "Belt and Road" initiative docking plan。We are working together to build a new order of the world economy。This order is based on respecting all national sovereignty,Based on the competitive advantage of all parties。bet365 Play online games It will not eliminate national trade barriers,and impose zero -sum games on others。The main significance of the "Belt and Road" initiative in China,It is to create new opportunities for the economic development of various countries,Realize the collaborative linkage effect。Therefore,Respect each other's sovereignty and interests of all parties,Adhere to the principle of openness,Strictly abide by international law,Realize the transparency of supervision,Pay attention to the combination of competitive advantages and other principles,constitutes a new order of the world economy。

The oil market we have witnessed now、Chaos in the grain market,and the issuance of currencies for unlimited issuance of Western countries 10 years ago,The huge inflation reflected today,leading to the long -term downturn of the global economy。Therefore,We should no longer stay in the old order of the past world economy,Instead, we should establish a new economic order in Eurasia,One is to promote production、Most favorable conditions to improve people's benefits,Order with competitive advantages from different countries。

Believe,In the efforts to promote the construction of a new order of the world economy,China's "hybrid system" will be together with the economic governance system we established in the Eurasian Economic Union,Become the basis for achieving long -term stable and sustainable development in Eurasia。

 

  Promote the common prosperity of all people to achieve more obvious substantial progress

General Secretary Xi Jinping is solemnly announced at the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China,We achieved the first century -old struggle target,The second century -old struggle goal that is fully built into a socialist modern power is moving forward。This indicates that the Chinese -style modernization process founded by the Communist Party of China has entered a new stage of development。According to the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" plan,Comprehensive development of people from 2035、All the people are wealthy together to achieve more obvious substantial progress,This has become a major strategic task to promote the modernization of Chinese -style modernization。For this,To grasp the following two aspects of policy ideas。

  steadily increase the potential economic growth rate

Maintain the economic growth rate in a reasonable range,Realizing the economic growth goals of the per capita per capita domestic product of 2035 to the level of medium -developed countries。To achieve common prosperity, we must first ensure "wealth",Guaranteed to continuously improve the level of "wealth" and continue to make the "cake" ability。Based on modernization,Period to the post -industrialization stage of industrialization,Potential growth rate of economic starting to decline。According to the population prediction model、Estimation of capital stock、Calculation of all factor productivity calculations,The overall trend of China's modernization process is stable,"Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period of China ’s average GDP growth rate is 5.4%,2021-2035 China's average GDP growth rate will be 4.9%,The potential growth rate of potential will be above 3.3%by 2050。This indicates that my country's economic growth will maintain sufficient bet365 best casino games potential in a long period of time,my country has the ability to complete the leap of the "secondary income trap" during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period,It also has the ability to reach the minimum threshold level of the per capita GDP per capita in 2035。but,Generally speaking,By 2035, economic growth can reach the potential foundation of the level of medium -developed countries.。In the new development stage,It is necessary to ensure the stability and continuity of the macroeconomic policy,Promote the effective collaboration of supply -side structural reform policies and demand side management policies,to achieve potential economic growth rate; it is necessary to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism and implement a high level of openness,Improving the level of technology innovation and high level of self -reliance,Further unblock the national economic cycle,Continuously increase the potential growth rate of economic growth。

  Further improve the income distribution pattern

Take the perfect distribution pattern as an important starting point,Promote common prosperity in promoting high -quality development and building a new development pattern。In the new development stage, the main contradiction in my country is the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development,How to improve the balance of development、Coordination、tolerance,Promote high -quality development,is the key to deepen the modernization process in the new development stage。Inadequate problems in the distribution field are a major contradiction in restricting high -quality development。From the perspective of building a new development pattern,This is also production、Exchange and consumption circulation is unblocked,A key constraint on achieving high levels of supply and demand dynamic balance。The main performance of the problems existing in the allocation field is,The share of the disposable income level and labor remuneration in the revenue distribution situation in the income distribution situation needs to be increased in the initial distribution,Industry income gap、The gap between urban and rural income is still relatively large。In the new development stage,Need to deepen the reform of the system around the comprehensive development of people,Pay attention to the tolerance and coordination of economic growth in one distribution,In the second distribution, we must increase the distribution and focus on fairness and just,In the three distribution, we must strengthen corporate social responsibility and core values ​​of socialism。This will not only directly promote the substantial progress of common prosperity,It will also promote the formation of domestic demand pattern with residents' consumption as the main body,This is conducive to accelerating the construction of a large domestic cycle as the main body、New development pattern of mutual promotion of domestic and international dual cycles。

New development stage,Under the premise of maintaining a reasonable economic growth rate,To promote the common prosperity of all people in a more important position and achieve more obvious substantial progress,The cake must be "bigger" and "divide"。This is a more challenging major task for government Bet365 lotto review governance,Governance of the Government Science、Democratic governance、higher requirements for governance in accordance with the law。Therefore,Promoting the common prosperity of all peoples to achieve obvious substantial progress,Modernization of the national governance capacity and governance system must be accelerated,Provide better institutional guarantee for the realization of common prosperity。

 

  "China Development Under the Great Change of the World in the World"

"The Big Change of the World in the World's Centennials" proposed by President Xi Jinping,Help China better cope with various crises that may occur in the current world。The global outbreak and positive response of the new crown pneumonia epidemic,is an example of this concept。Facing a big change in the face of a century,China is promoting its own reform and development,It is also better cope with global changes。This epidemic has made trade protectionism a "new normal" for global economic development。and China has also entered the slowdown of economic growth、The "new normal" development period such as high -quality development and supply -side structural reforms。Since the spring of 2020,Economic recovery after China turning to the epidemic,This not only includes restoring its own economic growth,It is also necessary to adjust the national economic policy that is compatible with the changes in the international situation。Current,China has achieved a decisive victory in the prevention and control of the epidemic。The effective prevention and control mechanism slows down the impact of the epidemic on the Chinese economy,At the same time, it also enables China to focus on accelerating economic development,Interactive mode of changing the world economy。

  New development pattern helpConstruction in China

Globalization is encountering severe challenges。The global economy is no longer as open and tolerant as two or three decades ago,Western countries gradually move towards trade protectionism。Therefore,The old "international cycle" model cannot make China achieve further prosperity and development,It is impossible to consolidate its international status。In this context,The proposal of the "dual cycle" strategy,Not only will it help avoid the deterioration of economic cooperation between China and the United States -dominated Western countries,It also helps to promote global economic change under the influence of the epidemic of new crown pneumonia。These two influences are long -term。China is consolidating its own economic foundation to cope with unfavorable external factors。and the "dual cycle" strategy aims to further promote the opening of the outside world,Enhance the country's comprehensive strength in the high -tech field。Delivery through long -term development plan,China will become a huge consumer market,Global manufacturers compete here,This will also ensure that China can effectively resist the impact of the external economic after 2025。Domestic consumer demand will promote the establishment of a domestic production system covering various types of goods and services,Among them, it also includes high -tech products。From this,China will gradually meet its own high -quality consumption needs,No longer relying on foreign suppliers。The first step in this direction is the "Fourteenth Five -Year" plan。

  Relying on its own advantages Actively participate in international competition

The unscrupulous change of the century -old has accelerated the current economic development trend of China。In the past ten years,China's dependence on the external market has gradually weakened,But this is not away from the global economy,Instead, I am working hard to change its international status。Constitution of environmental protection and population development in the country,and increasing external challenges,China cannot continue as a "world factory",But it will have the advantages of higher education and strong human resources,Efforts to participate in global market competition in the high -tech field。Domestic market development will attract a large number of foreign investors and suppliers,The fierce competition brought by it will also drive China and the world economic development at the same time。Fierce competition launched by manufacturers from China and foreign countries to compete for the Chinese market,It will promote China to become a manufacturing country with modern high -quality products。

At present,Objectively assessing China's economic development from a global perspective will receive more and more attention。On the one hand,Knowledge of contributing to China's stable global economic growth,and positive expectations for China's foreign trade and investment,Makes people look forward to gaining rich returns through cooperation with China。On the other hand,Some developed industrial countries worry about fierce competition in the new technology field,It has promoted the worry about the so -called "Chinese economic threat theory"。Under the background of a hundred years of unreasonable changes,It is the participation of China,Human beings can enter the balance、Coordination、New stage of tolerance global development。

Editor in charge: Changchang
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