With the continuous expansion of the Internet in Chinese society,The logic of the evolution of cyber law is becoming clearer,The problems that need to be solved are also more prominent。From a principle perspective,Mandatory constraints and regulations on bet365 refer a friend code subjects have always been the basic attributes of law,Starting from Internet commercialization,Researchers have begun to debate whether online behavior is a special type of object,So much so that independent online behavior rules need to be created,Or just apply offline rules and principles to online。At the same time,People have also discovered that the technical architecture that shapes cyberspace can play a role in constraining human behavior,And then guide researchers to think about how to reasonably design the architecture itself。
The aforementioned debate focuses on how the law regulates new behaviors,It was impossible to foresee at the time how the digital economy would flourish。But from a more macro political and economic perspective,The formation of individual behavioral rules is gradual and secondary,What is more critical is to first ensure and guide a new bet365 refer a friend code method to occur smoothly and orderly,Stabilize bet365 refer a friend code with conditions to generate greater social and economic value,Enhance international competitiveness,This is a more important function of network law。We have seen it,With the help of Internet information technology and new business models,Digital platforms continue to strive to shape new economic bet365 refer a friend code methods that are different from industrial economic bet365 refer a friend code methods,And try to promote the emergence of different fields and types of cyber laws and standards,Elevate the particularity of your own industry to the universality of the whole society。Therefore,The laws/structures that affect the online behavior of social subjects are not simply regulatory,Also productive,The basic direction is how to establish the legitimacy of the new bet365 refer a friend code method、Resolve conflicts between old and new interest groups,And help build a more public digital infrastructure。In this process,Traditional legal rules that restrict offline behavior have gradually evolved into regulating relationships between entities within the platform、Between the subject and the platform、Platforms and the different categories of the three relationships between platforms,The core lies in how to deal with the mobility of bet365 refer a friend code factors,Promote overall social welfare。
The mobility of factors is the starting point for us to understand the core issues of network rule of law,Platform companies effectively mobilize and match various fragmented social resources and economic factors,Connect producers and consumers,Integrate bet365 refer a friend code links with circulation、Consumption links are closely linked,Able to generate economies of scale and network effects,Make full use of cross-network externalities brought about by multi-sided markets,Improve trading opportunities。In this process,The platform economy gradually requires various elements to be stably produced within a specific architectural space,Require the bet365 refer a friend code order and organization within the structure to be legally recognized and protected,No external interference。
First,The digital economy explores new social control/bet365 refer a friend code mechanisms,That is, giving social subjects a unique digital identity through the real-name account mechanism,Can continuously track users in the account,Collect and accumulate personal information,Analysis and utilization can be carried out through formal notification and consent,In order to provide means and constraints that vary from person to person、Influence and predict user behavior。Secondly,In property relations,Software and algorithms as means of bet365 refer a friend code are still protected by property law,The information content as consumption data becomes a service license,Consumers can no longer possess and dispose of the music they consume on their terminals、Books、image,Extremely restricted by user agreement。Again,Platform economy internally requires integrated rather than fragmented collective rights and interests,To be able to improve services to elements and actors within the architecture,Form some kind of publicity。As long as the platform can continue to provide more trading opportunities for elements,There is less need to bind elements and platforms to each other (mass labor begins to become flexible),There is less need to confirm rights for new elements like data,Otherwise there will be an anti-commons tragedy,Increase platform economic costs。But to the outside world,The platform economy hopes that the law will protect the structure and order of the bet365 refer a friend code method from interference by unfair competition,A large number of lawsuits have emerged against unauthorized access to certain architectural spaces。final,Given the complexity of the multi-sided market model,It is difficult to scientifically determine the status of the platform economy by continuing to use traditional relevant market definition and other methods in antitrust law enforcement,In addition to punishing behaviors such as "choose one",National supervision methods are more about confirming the dominant position of super platforms,But at the same time, more subject responsibilities and administrative obligations are imposed。
In the context of the country’s efforts to consolidate network sovereignty and data security,On the whole, my country’s Internet legal system has responded well to the changes and transitions brought about by new bet365 refer a friend code methods,Together, we aim to ensure the safe and stable bet365 refer a friend code of the digital economy,And gradually realize the transformation of new knowledge in different departmental laws,Create conditions for further integration of industry, academia and research in the future。With the further development of new technologies and business models,It is necessary to summarize the evolution experience in a timely manner,Thinking about the outstanding issues that need to be addressed and solved in the next stage of network legal rule。
First,The rule of law in the Internet is not only about bet365 refer a friend code,It’s also about distribution。Over the past twenty years,bet365 refer a friend code order has always been the subject of network legal rule,But we should gradually respond to the essential requirements of socialist development,While driving productivity,Thinking about reasonable and effective allocation mechanisms at different levels,Reduce the overall risk to society,Highlight the sense of fairness in the process of economic and social development。On the one hand,The digital economy continues to digitize bet365 refer a friend code factors through private platforms,Promotes the process of economic and social digitalization,And established a standardized digital infrastructure,Contributes to the orderly flow and connectivity of factors within specific industries and regions,Make the cake bigger by organizing bet365 refer a friend code,The formation of a semi-closed bet365 refer a friend code order;On the other hand,As platform competition intensifies,Infrastructure will help form some kind of counter-flow mechanism,Especially like pricing、The matching and reputation mechanisms are getting closer to the internal labor management system of the enterprise,At the same time,Only efficiency-oriented liquidity to the market、Both society and workers have produced large negative externalities。Therefore,Purely efficiency-oriented matching of bet365 refer a friend code factors,Not only ignores the protection of the rights and interests of workers themselves,I also fell into the myth that the market seems to operate in a vacuum。Market problems cannot be solved simply by the market,Because it is also a social problem,Need to think from a larger perspective of the relationship between market networks and social networks。In the process of law and policy formulation, it is necessary to consider how to take into account many non-efficiency-oriented social values。
Secondly,Cyber legal rule is not only about the protection of architectural interests,It’s also about the connection and sharing of architecture。As network effects intensify and large platform capital continues to enter more areas,How to judge from a macro perspective that the expanding platform architecture of giants will not affect the innovation and competition of more emerging platform companies,And how to allow traffic and services between different ecosystems to be shared with each other,Becoming more urgent。In other words,If the architecture of the giant platform has become a potential obstacle to innovation and competition,Need to think about how to maintain its dynamic competitiveness,It can also promote the cross-platform flow of more resource elements as a whole。You can try to gradually promote some existing digital infrastructure services for connectivity。For example,Trusted Account Unicom,That is, the country strengthens the real identity authentication of various accounts,Allow users to log in to different platforms with a unified identity to carry out activities,In this process, the exchange and value-added of account behavior data can occur。Payment method Unicom,The state promotes various payment methods, including UnionPay, to enter different ecosystems,Allow consumers to choose different payment channels and financial services。Union of evaluation information,That is, the evaluation of the value of bet365 refer a friend code factors requires unified standards,Same as traditional price reflecting value,Assessing the workforce in digital markets also needs to be standardized,This helps factors maintain a certain market value and competitiveness after they flow,Drive more platform benefits。
Finally,Network rule of law is not only about networked information governance,Also related to grid-based organizational governance。Platform economy can organize social subjects across geographical time and space,But relying solely on information cannot solve all social problems。With the further linkage between offline and online activities,It is even more necessary for managers to realize that the effective use of information technology is inseparable from the improvement of the effectiveness of various offline social and grassroots organizations。In a highly mobile society,Network rule of law is mainly about the bet365 refer a friend code of information、Circulation and consumption,Promote networked governance model;In case of a public event like an epidemic that slows down the flow of factors,You need to have bottom-line thinking,Make full use of information technology to switch to the basic unit of society,Focus on how information can help reduce systemic risks,Integrating grid effective actions,Finally restored liquidity。Simply emphasizing the platform’s more flexible bet365 refer a friend code and organization methods will not help us effectively think about possible risk prevention mechanisms。In this sense,Cyber law has gone beyond simple Internet law or information technology law,But as a medium to continuously connect online and offline behaviors,Solve practical problems according to local conditions,This is also an important manifestation of the evolution of network legal rule in the process of modernization。
(The author is an associate professor at Peking University bet365 refer a friend code School)
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