May 27, 2022，The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducts 39 collective learning on deepening the Chinese civilization exploration source project，General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important speech，Fully affirmed the results achieved by the Chinese civilization exploration source project，and how to further deepen the study of Chinese civilization for the future in the future。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "We must strengthen overall planning and scientific layout，Persist in multiple disciplines、Multi -angle、Multi -layered、Comprehensive，History and history、Joint research on humanities science and natural science，Broaden the scope of time and space and the field of coverage，Further answer the origin of Chinese civilization、Formation、Basic Map of Development、Internal mechanism and the evolution path of civilization in various regions。”

Over the years，The National Museum of China、Scientific layout，Actively promote multi -disciplinary cross -joint cooperation，Exploring the organic integration of archeology and technology archeology of fields、Solve major academic problems，and formed a rich feature、Vibrant technology archeological team。One of the typical examples is the close combination of field archeology and metallurgical archeology，Reveal the important resource conditions and cultural characteristics of the emergence of the early dynasties of the Central Plains。Let's start Bet365 app download from the perspective of metallurgy and archeology，Talk about our understanding of the exploration source of Chinese civilization for metallurgical archeology。

　　Bet365 lotto review The rise of the bronze civilization of Central Plains

Metallurgical technology plays an important role in promoting the development of Chinese civilization，Related research can provide important arguments for revealing the process of civilization。In recent years，With the progress of the civilized exploration source project，The research method of metallurgical archeology also shifted from laboratory testing Bet365 lotto review and analysis to active participation in field archeology。Especially with Zhangye Xichengyi、Yanshi Erlitou、Xixian Xiwubi、Tongling Shi Gongdun、Xi'an Old Niu Po、Scientific research represented by a group of important sites such as Dacao Copper Green Mountain，It provides an important material for discussing the formation and development of bronze civilization in various regions in the perspective of metal resources，Then it also shows that the integration of fields and laboratories is a way to protect metallurgy and archeology.。

In the vast territory of the region，The development of early metallurgical technology in different regions shows their respective regional characteristics。Overall，The earliest large -scale copper smelting activity in Northwest China represented by the Hexi Corridor，3,000 Join BC，The local mineral resources have been used to smell red copper、Arsenic copper and tin bronze。Central Plains region around 2000 BC，The metallurgical relics discovered are just scattered scums scattered、Small copper and decorations，The alloy ingredients are red copper、Arsenic and copper is the main。The epoch -making significance is the early 2,000 -year -old early BC，Establishment of the tin bronze smelting technology system in the Central Plains area，Reflects its absorption of metallurgical technology in Northwest China、Use，The localization of metallurgical production, including bronze rituals and division -co -casting technology at the same time，Therefore, the ancient west of ancient times as "forgedness" embarked on the road of technological development。

At this time，A dynasty weather，The core position of culture of Erlitou is quickly established，Based on the advanced civilization factors of the surrounding surrounding surroundings，A cultural impact on the vast area of ​​the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin。Shang Zhou period，The development of the smelting industry in the Central Plains area continues to prosper。Early Fan Founding Technology of the Shang Dynasty has been more skilled，In the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the bronze alloy ratio is more reasonable，Hunzhu、Casting、Welding、Compound model technology gradually mature，And also appeared with ice and copper smelting technology with copper sulfur sulfur ore。

The surrounding area of ​​the Central Plains bet365 best casino games is another scene，The development of the copper industry is relatively slow，Type structure is thick and simple、The alloy ingredients are not pure、There are many bronze wares with larger element floating range，It seems that there is no existence of the existence of developed power architectures behind，But they are all affected by bronze technology in the Central Plains to varying degrees，Especially reflected on the gift container that uses the segmentation combination technology。Look at it now，The brilliant Xia Shang and Zhouye casting industry promoted the civilization form it represented to a new height，At the same time，Starting from the Bronze Age，Chinese civilization has begun to form a continuous and stable civilization center and the "heavy petal flower" type of heart pattern。

Regarding the development of the early metallurgical technology of Central Plains, there are still two points to pay attention to: whether the metallurgical development model of "Red Copper -Arsenic Copper -Tin Copper" is applicable to the Central Plains，Whether the early Metallurgical West, which is discussed around arsenic and copper, is accurate and reliable for the early metallurgical west of the Central Plains。Although many research results have been achieved at present，But because of the Erlitou culture of the Central Plains，and the prehistoric relics of prehistoric metallurgy in Xinjiang and Central Asia、Limited number of relics，These two problems still have room for in -depth discussion。The status quo is，More and more scholars agree that bronze metallurgy is the point of view of the Central Plains region through the spread of the ancient land Silk Road from west to east.，and after the Copper of West Asia is self -generated，Keep spreading to the surroundings，From time and space, it is possible to introduce China。

　The development of the bronze industry andFormation of the early national governance system

The rapid development of bronze smelting technology in the Central Plains area is closely related to the unique civilization process of the region。Erlitou cultural period，Following the front -wheel drive of the cultural exchanges between the East and the West，Bronze metallurgical technology from the northwest region has begun to strongly affect the hinterland of the Central Plains。The emerging Xia Dynasty's high -tech is not simply passively absorbed by this foreign high -tech，bet365 best casino games but innovatively integrate it into the local social culture、Tradition of etiquette。Some scholars point out，From Henan Longshan Culture to Erlitou Culture Transformation，The ritual system has undergone a change from "high -standard pottery+jade" to "bronze+jade"。Jade、Bronze wares were not originally inherent in the history of the prehistoric culture of the Central Plains，Especially at the ceremony level，At this time, it became the most representative civilized factor in the rise of the Central Plains dynasty。

You can see from it，The ability to absorb and re -create foreign factors，Show the open tolerance of the Central Plains、New Na Xin、Cultural character of fusion innovation。Actually，During the rise of the Central Plains dynasty，We can also see the introduction of many other external factors、absorption，Including cows that are also derived from the West、Sheep、Magnolia and other animal and plant varieties。

It is this kind of constant convergence of advanced factors around the surrounding surroundings、Then the cultural characteristics of re -creation，Xia Shang's dynasty on Wednesday ushered in great development，A wide -regional king -right country centered on the Central Plains is formed through the relay expansion，The foundation for the diverse pattern of Chinese civilization。

At the same time，Professionalization of bronze smelting in the Central Plains area、The degree of organizationalization is also very high，Need to get the deep blessing of the early kingship。At that time, the bronze industry in the Central Plains area was clear、Struggling structure、Strict management，It has reached picking very early、Sure、Separation of casting processes，Copper、Tin and other alloy elements each separate material supply chain，and under the unified control of the royal power, use a combination of Tao Fan casting gift container。

other，The Central Plains dynasty also through the local area center through the surrounding area through the bronze、Lead and other important strategic resources，Building a city in areas with rich metal resources，To ensure the control and acquisition of these resources。Guanqu Mall in Jinnan、Dongxia Feng Mall is one of the typical representatives。And more than the summer and business periods of the summer and business periods were bet365 best casino games found near Zhongjo Mountain，The output of its product is far beyond the region，The large -scale and smelting activities that belong to the national behavior。This specialized control of the bronze metallurgical industry that is related to the lifeblood of the country，It is a manifestation of a highly concentrated regime operation method，and the political and economic system of ancient Chinese society and the national governance system after the Xia Dynasty after the Xia Dynasty。

　　Guobo Metallurgical Archeology andExploration of the formation and development context of Chinese civilization

The National Museum of China Archaeological Institute has always attached importance to the status and role of metal resources in the process of Chinese civilization，and its research on the contribution of the diverse pattern of Chinese civilization。The 1980s，The Ministry of Archeology of the Chinese History Museum (now the National Museum of China) The excavation of the Yuanqu Mall has aroused high attention from domestic and foreign scholars，People gradually realize，The main function of Yuanqu Mall is to control the copper of Jinnan、salt resources，Ensuring these important strategic resources can be successfully transported to the hinterland of the Shang Dynasty。

early 21st century，We carried out a systematic regional archeological survey in Yuncheng Basin, Jinnan，The purpose is to Bet365 app download from the perspective of settlement archeology，Discuss the key issues in the process of civilization and the formation of early state formation。One of the important gains is to be on the ground inside and outside the Nakajo Mountain，Many copper smelting sites have been found，The prelude to our metallurgy archeology in the area。Later，Our survey and Zhoujiazhuang in Qianxian County、The excavation work of the West Wubi site，Both have been included in the topic of the "Chinese Civilization Source Project" in different stages of the topic。Another，We also cooperate with colleges and universities，Actively explore the research path of the conjunction of civilized exploration sources and metallurgical archeology，If the metallurgical and archeological team of Beijing University of Science and Technology has carried out a joint inspection of many early mining and metallurgical sites in the area of ​​Nakajo Mountain。

In recent years，The Archaeological Institute of the National Museum of China continues Bet365 app download from the perspective of metal resources，The key areas aiming at the source of Chinese civilization，Targeted key points、Difficulty up and down atmosphere，Special research on metallurgical archeology in Jinnan region。Starting from 2018，The National Museum of China and Shanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute、Cooperation of Units and other units in the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection of City Cultural Relics，Discovered the site of West Wubi, Yanxian County。This is the area we found in the survey of the Yuncheng Basin、Save it、Rich sites with copper smelting relics，Discovery for several years in a row，Disposal the copper smelting relics of a large number of summer and business periods，Including ore、Standard、Disabled furnace walls and various stone tools such as copper smelting。Preliminary scientific and technological detection discovery，From summer to early Shang，The copper content in copper slag is decreased，It means that the amount of copper production of the unit ore is rising、Switching technology is increasing。and，Laboratory analysis indicates，The smelting product of the site is mainly red copper (that is, pure copper)，If the local smelting copper ingot is mainly provided to the dynasty，This means the lead required for casting bronze in the center of the dynasty、Tin and other alloy raw materials have another source。

The excavation and research of the West Wubi site，Filled the major blank of red bronze smelting between copper ore mining and the bronze ceremony casting in the capital，Show the whole picture of the bronze industry chain of the Central Plains Qi School in a complete presentation，and discuss the rise and development of the Xiashang Dynasty、Use and control the relationship between important strategic resources such as copper，Provided very important new information。In the excavation and research of the West Wubi site，Metallurgical archeological professionals always participate in field excavations，Extract the sample and perform a laboratory detection and analysis，Getting the archeology of science and technology、Full combination of field archeology and comprehensive research，Get a very good effect。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，"Exploration of the origin and formation of civilization is a complex and long system engineering，It is necessary to organically combine archeological Bet365 lotto review exploration and literature research with natural science and technology means，Comprehensive grasping material、Factors such as spiritual and social relations，Gradually restore the development of civilization from tricky stream to rivers and rivers "。The origin of the Chinese civilization、During the exploration of formation and development context，The National Museum of China has made a lot of efforts in the joint research on multidisciplinary joints，A certain achievement has been achieved in other aspects of metallurgical archeology and technology archeology。The National Museum of China Archaeological Institute as a molecule for Chinese archeology，Work and research in all aspects has made great progress in the new era，Also with the entire discipline、The entire industry thrives together。We shoulders the historical mission and the heavy responsibility of the times。The future is available，We will be full of more enthusiasm、Working hard work，To strive for more brilliant results。

(Author Unit: Archaeological House of the National Museum of China)