Chinese Language and Literature First -level Discipline，Including Chinese classical literature。But，There is no second -level discipline of literature under the first -level discipline of foreign language and literature，Farewell, related undergraduate majors。What is the reason? Is there a direction of literature research in the field of foreign literature?。Regardless of China or West，It has a long history of literature。In recent decades，Chinese scholars have successfully extended Chinese literature from classical literature to the field of modern literature，Document research in the field of foreign literature lacks people asking for people，Few results，Urgently need to be valued。So，The author proposes the idea of ​​establishing "Foreign Literature and Literature"，To expand the field of research，Promoting discipline construction。

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Foreign literature and literature and Western literature are the same as Chinese classical literature，Including directory、Version Learning、Provenance and other main aspects。Catalog is the basic door path of school，Can play "discern academic、The role of the source of the mirror "(Zhang Xuecheng)。In recent years，A large number of databases appear。Database Literature arrangement、The presentation method is different from the traditional catalog，But its role and function are similar to traditional director works，And has obvious advantages，If the capacity is large、wide range、Easy to retrieve、Easy to retrieve、Continuous update、You can provide full text。So，We can regard the database as the latest form of contemporary directory。As D. F. McKenzie said，In the era of digital，Catalogs must keep pace with the times。For example，EEBO (Early English Books Online，Early English Book Online) Full -text database is the summary of all printing literature in the early 1700 years ago in the early 1700 years.，It is not just a directory，and including the full text of the literature。Eebo database，We can read the full text of more than 100,000 books including the 1623 edition of Shakespeare's works "first pair" in the 1623 edition of Shakespeare。Full -text database EEBO and its sequel ECCO (18th century works online) and NCCO (19th century works online) provide students and scholars in various fields with a lot of original literature，greatly reduced the gap in material possession of Chinese and foreign scholars。Make full use of EEBO and other full -text databases，The foundation for fastening foreign literature research，Bring new opportunities，helps Bet365 app download produce new results，Get overtake the world's academic advanced level，It is also conducive to correction of Chinese and false learning style。

Rich Chinese Foreign Language Database，Such as national newspapers and periodical indexes, etc.，It provides great convenience for foreign literature and literature research。Just retrieved，You can get a large number of valuable historical materials from the full -text database，These already existing "new" materials have spawned new learning，Research on the history of Chinese and foreign literary relations in depth。For example，I thought I thought，In 1837, "East and West Examinations Monthly" introduced to China the earliest to China and its "Lost Garden"，But after the database search and discovery，The English journal "Chinese Repository" in 1832 has already introduced Milton in Guangzhou，Called "Immortal Poet"。"East and West Examinations every month" and "China Cong Bao" are sponsored by the origin of Chinese missionaries，The missionary is very interested in Milton，even exceeds my interest in Shakespeare。China in the 19th century，Chinese translations of Shakespeare works only stay in only words，Shakespeare as a representative of British literature，It has not been effectively introduced to the Chinese world。But，Milton's Fourteen Poems "On blindness" is translated into an elegant four -character poem，"Toyang Zhenzhen" published in 1854，The fifth volume of its epic "Lost Park" is translated as Chu Ci，Published in 1855 "Chinese and Western Books"。Milton as a writer in the history of British literature after British literature，Before Shakespeare was translated to China，Become the first British poet who has been translated into Chinese。Database has pushed the study of the history of Chinese and foreign literary relations to a new height，Related research and practice prompted us to rethink the definition of the directory and the relationship between the directory and the literature，Establishing a 21st century foreign literature and literature。

Full -text database also has its limitations，Can't replace the real object of the collected literature，The latter can check the former、Verification and support function。Full -text database includes not necessarily complete，The information and pictures they have recorded may not be accurate，Some studies，Ru Publishing、Print、Booking and other book history research must be checked in physical objects。In actual use，We want to put the database and collection literature (Library、Archives、Museum, etc.) Combination，The best effect can be achieved。For example，In the process of investigating the history of Milton's teaching，The history of education is adopted with identification、School bet365 best casino games History、File、Memoirs、Chronicles、Diary and other historical materials。In the era of digital，We need to remind students to make full use of various collections of literature，Organic combination with the database，This can carry out effective academic research。

The literature form of the digital era shows the tendency of multimedia，Ruofan Text、Image、animation and sound，can all become literature。Painting、Music、Recording、Movie、TV series、Animation and other multimedia literature expand the scope of the literature，E -book、The emergence of super text and databases changed the literature style and people's reading method。The history of the history of Chinese and foreign literary relations and the deepening of the history of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges，You need to use various documents，A large amount of historical materials provided by the full -text database of Chinese and foreign languages ​​as the basis of research。So，Digital era provides good opportunities for the quiet rise of foreign literature and literature。

　　Version Learning and Clamp

Establishment of foreign literature and literature helps researchers to establish version consciousness，Enhanced version research。For example，The version of Shakespeare's drama is very complicated，Even in the 20th century, the "New Bibliography" (New Bibliography)。Some famous Shakespeare Drama Academic Edition，For example, Arden Shakespeare and Norton Shakespeare，No hey space，Provided different versions of the same play。such as "Hamlet"，The second series of Aden version edited "Second Four" (1604 or 1605)，and the third series edited "First Four" (1603) and "First Payment" (1623);，Norton Edition 3 (2016) printed three different versions: "First Four Open Book" (1608) and "First pair of Book" comparison，and the combination of the two。Scholars need to explore the version of the version of the writer's works，Readers and critics should make a wise choice about what version of reading。Similarly，Translator Before the translation work，I often need to choose the right background。So，Version is an inexplicable problem。Establishing a foreign literary version，First of all, it is necessary to end people's unconscious state of the version，Research、Reading、Critical、Enhanced version consciousness during the translation process。The general version consciousness is the basis for building a foreign literary version。

Chen Zhenghong advocates "East Asian Chinese Version"，It is advocated that the East Asian Chinese version is systematically studied in a "general view" manner，That is the ancient Chinese character cultural circle (including China、North Korea、Vietnam、Ryukyu、Japan and other countries or regions) Write in Chinese、The version of the book engraved。This research method has obvious advantages。Due to the continuity and integration bet365 Play online games of European and American culture，Edition of Western literary works，It can also be done across the country and the language limit to the overall research，Establish "Western Literature Version"，and compare it with the Chinese literature version，Efforts to form a comparative version of Chinese and Western literature。

There are collation with a version。The author's intention is a problem that cannot be avoided by classical survey。"Library of America，1982 to the present) is committed to editing、Includes classic literary works in the United States for several centuries，Published more than 300 volumes。One of its founders is G. Thomas Tanselle，His dedication to restore the author's intention is the goal of academic editors，The editor of the "American Library" follows the principle of restoring the author's intention as much as possible。He edited two volumes in the "Melville Collection" for "American Library"，They are regarded as "authoritative text"，Among the novels "Typee" (Typee) restores the deletion of sexuality and missionaries in the revision，enable readers to see the original appearance of Melville's works。"Fokiner's Collection" in the "American Library" directly compiled the manuscript and typing draft of the author，The author's intention is presented to the greatest extent。

In the study research，There are many difficult problems to be solved。For example，Can we use the intention of restoration author to be the goal of foreign literature for survey? if it is possible，What stage of the author's intention is it? Do you always be committed to restoring the authors' final intention?，In the creative career for more than half a century，He has repeatedly revised his representative long poem "Preface"，But most readers do not recognize the late version of this poem。Some literary works，Such as "Beiwufu", "Song of Heide", "Song of Roland", "Song of the Nibelong Gen" and other European medieval folk epic，Author Anonymous。This can be seen，If the restoration author intention is the principle of classification，So，There are many problems that need to be discussed further。Achieving and abandoning the results of Western literature for science，It helps to build foreign literature science and literature with Chinese characteristics。

　　Manuscript research

Manuscript is an important part of the literature，Foreign literature and literature can not be separated from manuscript research。Writers' manuscripts and notes of notes，It is conducive to exploring the creative process of the writer，Summary Creative Law，Promoting literary construction。2019，The academic community discovered the "first pair" of Shakespeare's works that Milton had read and commemorative.，Gemini constellations in the history of British literature made a dialogue Bet365 app download directly。An important discovery in the history of literature，Reading History、Accepting History、History of Literature、Study on the writer's work、Writer's influence research and other significance is significant。A large number of other manuscripts of other American female poet Dijinson、One of the Notes of the British Writer Hardy "Poetry Material Notes", etc.，Open the window leading to the soul of the writer，enables us to see the mystery of its creation。

In addition to writers' manuscripts and notes，We also need to strengthen translation manuscript research，Not only studying the manuscript of the Hohhot British "Dream of Red Mansions"，It is also necessary to study the manuscript of Zhu Shenghao's translation of Shakespeare drama。Since the 2012 National Library Publishing House published "Jiaxing Library Collection Zhu Shenghao Translated Shakespeare Draft Manuscripts" (10 volumes)，There are only a few papers to discuss the manuscript of Zhu Yi Sa's drama，This is far from enough。Comprehensive and systematic research on the manuscripts of Zhu Transiking Shansha drama，It still needs to be carried out。Translation Manuscript Studies are conducive to exploring the generation process of translation，Summary translation rules，Promoting cultural exchanges。

The interpretation of the opponent's manuscript is inseparable from the literacy of language and literature and the training of ancient documents。Solid Chinese literacy is the basis of reading manuscripts。Qian Yanshu left a considerable number of foreign language notes，Many of them are about foreign literature。These notes use English、French、German、Italian、Spanish、Latin and Greek 7 Western languages。Interpretation of Qian Yanshu Foreign Language Notes，Unexpectedly need superb literary literacy。In terms of ancient books,，"Oxford English Dictionary" defines it as "research on ancient writing and inscriptions; interpretation of ancient writing or writing systems and determining the science or art of its date"。Ancient documents are actually a learning of literacy。For various reasons，There have been different books in history in Western countries。For example，Britain in the Renaissance，Main two books in daily affairs: Secretary (Secretary) and Italic (italic)。Except for a few exceptions，Men generally use documents，Women usually learn Italian bodies。Italy is easy to recognize，and the document body must be specially trained to read it smoothly。(See Hao Tianhu's "Research British and American Literature Manuscripts Is Accessible") This description，Foreign Literature and Literature This science has strong professionalism，The research threshold is higher。

　Relationship with adjacent disciplines

Establishing foreign literature and literature is a systematic engineering，You need to open a course、bet365 live casino games Carry out research、Carry out research、Cultivate graduate students, etc.。In the disciplinary system，It is divided into two parts: Oriental Literature and Literature and Western Literature Literature。As a new discipline，Foreign Literature and Literature, there is no way of success, can be dependent on，Clarify the relationship between it and the adjacent discipline，Can provide reference and reference for the construction of new disciplines。

First，The relationship between history and book history。In ancient East Asia, there are long traditions of literary history，For example, "Historical Records" of the first Chuan Chuanchong history in China and the earliest positive history "Japanese Books", which has been circulated so far，Du Fu’s poems are regarded as "History of Poetry"。Foreign literature and literature is a historic at a fair extent。Rest for the retrieval of historical materials、Collection、Identification、Organization、Application，The special characteristics of both foreign literature disciplines，Also follow the general method of history。Version Learning、Manuscript research, etc.，Have a strong scientific characteristics，Its research program、The research results are objective、foreseeable and repeated。Chinese scholars study foreign literature，It is often difficult to get the recognition of the international academic community，But in the field of relatively objective foreign literature and literature，No matter who the author is，Forever international academic circles have to recognize excellent research results。In this aspect，We are a great dowed。Research on Western Book History is in the ascendant，Weixian Xue，It has been introduced to China in recent years，It has a certain impact。Study on the history of foreign literature and literature and western books is both different，There is contact again，Can highlight Chinese characteristics and Chinese style。

Next，The relationship between Chinese classical literature。Chinese classical literature as a mature discipline，In the subject system、Discipline、Disciplinary purpose and many aspects，Provides us with a wealthy resources and experience for the establishment of foreign literature and literature。For example，"Chinese Classical Literature Historical Materials" edited by Xu Youfu (2008)，Division -type editor、Appraisal editor、Sort and edit and search，Exquisitely summarized the collection、Identification、Organization、Use the laws and methods of Chinese classical literary historical materials，and supplemented with a large number of examples to explain。This type of work provides us with useful references for our construction of foreign literature and literature。other，The research method of Qianjia Pu Xue is also worth paying attention and reference。

bet365 live casino games Last，The relationship between Chinese modern literature and literature (historical materials)。I am in the process of thinking about foreign literature and literature，The biggest inspiration from the emerging Chinese modern literature or historical materials (sometimes also known as new literature historical materials)。my country's foreign literature research has begun to contact with Chinese and foreign literature since modern times，So，Chinese and foreign literary relations are important contents of foreign literature research。The occurrence and development of modern literature in China，It is in the context of Chinese and foreign literature and cultural exchanges。So，Foreign literature and literature and Chinese modern literature literature are inseparable，Even sometimes the two are integrated。This is the distinctive feature of foreign literature and literature。

Foreign Literature and Literature advocated in this article，It is a part of foreign literature，It also has significant Chinese characteristics。In the disciplinary system，Foreign literature and literature theory should become a second -level discipline under the first -level discipline of foreign language and literature，Echo each other with Chinese literature and literature，Finally formed "Chinese and Foreign Comparison Literature"，For cultural exchange、Civilized mutual learning made due contributions。

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Zhejiang University)