Literature in the new era has gone through more than 40 years of journey，During the best works，Related research has also achieved fruitful results。But the research starting from the ability is still very scarce，It can even be said，British criticism is still the "virgin land" of literary research in the new period，is a new window to be opened。

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The word "skills"，It mainly refers to the character prototype based on literary creation、Story prototype and situation prototype。Tracing the source of its words，is very early。桓 Tan said in the book "New Theory": "Qi Ren Sheep Gao Yuan Classic Biography，Mi Li's ability。"Hanshu · Yi Wenzhi" Yiyun: "Qiu Ming is afraid of disciples to be safe，Loss of its true，As a discussion, it is passed on，Master Master does not speak the scriptures in emptiness。"" here，"British" refers to the original matter，Extended to literary creation，refers to the real person based on literary creation、True and real situations (mainly the first two)。To a certain extent，The concept of "ability" can be opened to use with the concept of "prototype"，But what you need to pay attention to is，This "prototype" concept is mainly based on the personal experience or hearing of the writer's creation、，It has nothing to do with the "prototype" of the collective unconsciousness of the psychologist Jung Ge。

Critical criticism is also mature since the Tang Dynasty、One of the stable ancient literature research methods。"Poems of the Intelligent" from the Tang and Song Dynasties (Meng Yan)、"Continuous Poems" (Changzi)、"Specific Collection" (Yang painted)、"Tang Poetry Chronicle" (Gongyou Gong) and other works，To "Old Red Studies" and "New Red School"，Numbers of criticism，and there is a hidden、Shooting、Three branches。But in the field of modern literature research，Critical criticism bet365 live casino games is still in the preliminary exploration stage。The author has tried to learn from the methods of criticism in ancient times. Nearly 20 kinds of "red classic" such as "Storm and Rain", "Forest Haixueyuan", "Red Rock" and "Song of Youth" made some research，But comparison，Literature in the new period is more suitable for criticism，You can open a new problem space through criticism。

A large number of real people have emerged in more than 40 years of reform and opening up.、Literary works with true things as prototypes。Local literature and history information from the present today、File、Letter、Diary、Autobiography、Chronicles and Author、Look at the memories of the parties，"Furong Town", "Activities Change", "Red Sorghum Family", "Ancient Ship", "Ordinary World", "White Deer Plains", "Song of Everlasting", "Qin Qiang", "Life and Death", "Northern Kit" and other novels，"Oh，Xiangxue "," Director of the Qiao Factory "," Boy "," Chess King "," Daddy "," Little Baozhuang "," Phoenix Qin "and other short -story novels，All from real people in reality、Triggered by things。For example，"Flower Rings Under the Mountains" is based on the real deeds of heroes such as Zhang Daquan，"Furong Town" originated from the author Guhua in 1978 when I interviewed a county in 1978，"Ancient Boat" and "White Deer Plain" refer to the author's family history and local historical archives，"Life" and "Ordinary World" are directly related to the life experience of Lu Yao and his relatives and friends，"Uncle's Story" and Zhang Xianliang、Gao Xiaosheng and other "return" writers' real life is obviously mutually mutual text，etc.。Wang Zengqi even said: "Most of the characters I write have the original type"，"Start from the concept，One or more characters come out，I haven't done this yet "。("Wang Zengqi Self -Selected Works · Self -preface")，endless plums。It can be said，Rich and diverse information is a valuable "Literature History Rich Mine" in the new period of literature research。

　Method of reconstruction criticism

but but，If you want to Bet365 lotto review study "Furong Town", "Ordinary World" and "Song of Everlasting", the evolution of "skills" to "story"，It is difficult to achieve the method of criticism completely relying on the method of ancient times。The reason is，In ancient times, criticisms also have their own defects that are difficult to overcome。According to Mr. Sun Kaiyi's definition，Critical criticism must be "for its reason，Test its original committee，See the change where the article is changed to the income and losses "(the preface of the" Syndrome of the Novel ")。From the actual perspective of the ancient study，This research is mainly focused on the discovery and sorting of the information，Its superior can only restore the story background at the historical facts、Provide a knowledge background for "Know the World"，But "forgetting literature as art" (Zhu Guangqian)，Can't effectively upgrade the historical research work to real literary research。It is inferior，It is easy to be reduced to talk or spy on privacy assistance。And the method of criticism in ancient times, there are also many critics that cannot be trusted in today's scholars，Ruyin uses the word to guess the ruling、Flight will be capable，Drawing and moral slander entanglement，etc.。These factors all make modern and contemporary literature research usually despise this classical method and unintentionally learn from。Of course，This lack of depth research is also a universal dilemma faced by contemporary literature research in recent years。Diary、Letter、Version and other research attempts to learn from classical examination methods，Often was questioned by critics for not grasping the "big problem" because of being trapped in cumbersome evidence。This means，Drawing on ancient literary research methods, we must conscientiously consider the issues of deep combination with contemporary criticism of originality。

Combination of criticism with original thinking、"In ancient times" can be done。One aspect，You can learn the rigorous and realistic study of classical examinations、Bet365 lotto review Circle of the long -term discrimination，History of literary skills in wide search，and the skills of different sources and the story in the story of different sources，The solid foundation for forming research with the ability and its rewriting materials。On the other hand，Then you can analyze the ability and its rewriting information: one，From the skills to the story，Not only the movement and change of facts，Story strategy of dealing with experience and facts，In the competition relationship of specific discourse or different discourse，What experience allows to enter the story，Which is included in "Unsable Things"，What kind of narrative perspective to achieve this purpose，In fact, there are "invisible hands" at the discourse intervention level。This is what Wu Yan said: "I don’t know that life is to Guangmo，The world is to complex，The author will inevitably choose one of them to enter the book，and other other。Select this choice to take between，I have set myself a concept of life and thinks the standard。"(" Disadvantage of Real Real Novels ")

Its two，From "what can be described" to the final complete storyline，The problem of the mechanism of narratives deeper involved in the deeper level。If "what can be described" is a fact，So the plot is a "structured" facts organized together according to a specific causal relationship。But，Because "the real events of any specific combination can be arranged in many ways，It can be told as a story of many different types of stories "(Heiden White" Postmodern History narrative science ")，From the "narrative" ability to the last plot in the work，The "framework of the event" that it passes in the meantime (that is, reorganize the disorderly facts with a specific causal mechanism、Arrangement) Very complicated，It will fully reflected in the writer's thoughts and personality of the characters、Social Appearance、Careful arrangements for the resolution of incident contradictions and narrative elements such as symbolic space。Of course，This narrative bet365 Play online games process is also with specific、Real situation requirements、"Consensus"、Readers have a deep interactive relationship with multiple "relationships" and other multiple "relationships"。Questions of such progress，can form a narrative study that effectively communicates literary and ideological and ideology。

After this conversion，Criticism can be rebuilt into a "test" and "interpretation" together、Modern Research with a certain theoretical color dialogue with a literary and historical dialogue。It can be used in the study of "Red Classics" such as "Storm and Rain", "Forest Haixueyuan", "Red Rock" and "Song of Youth"，More worth looking forward to in literary research in the new period。

　The path and possibility of the study of literary skills in the new period

The research on literature in the new era should be based on case research，Then from the case to the whole，Reached the overall thinking of literature/cultural production in the new era。Specifically，or you can check from three levels。

First，The excavation and examination of the rewriting of the ability and its rewriting。There are four ways to start discovering the novel: First, the writer interview、Memoirs and writers biography、A prototype of the novel in the chronological spectrum、Materials of the event prototype; the second is the memoir of the prototype characters and related real historical figures in the work、Letter、Diary about novel prototypes in the diary; third, information about the prototype of novels in relevant historical archives and local literature;。Now the information is richer in this area，Most well -known writers have created self -report，Such as "Starting in the morning" (Lu Yao)、"Talk Record" (Wang Anyi、Zhang Xinxing)、"Mo Yan Dialogue New Record" (Mo Yan)，etc.，For those who lack of materials, they can also pass an interview、Survey to make up for。Of course，For the ability of the novels that are preliminaryly collected，It is necessary to distinguish its authenticity，Classification and finishing，Then compare the storyline of the historical facts with the historical facts and works (including cross Bet365 lotto review -media adaptation)，Details of Different Simultaneous Simination，Which of the historical facts have become "literary facts"，What are the "forgotten" or sparse? What kind of experience has the ability to become "literary facts", what kind of delete、Supplement、Movement and fiction? thus，A large number of "traces" from the rewriting of the story to the story，It constitutes the historical foundation of research。

2，Understanding of narrative analysis。It is intended to follow the story strategy、Two levels of the narrative mechanism focuses on the rewriting historical materials of various works: from the ability in real life to the story that writers are preparing to tell，Which experience historical facts can enter the story，What are "incomparable"，What kind of story strategy choices exist in the meantime; from the historical facts of the "narrative" to the end of the work，What the reorganization of the cause and effect narrative mechanism after which it has passed。Therefore, the narrative mechanism for its narrative、Analysis of Story Strategy，In fact, it will be rich in the new period、Historical materials (including historical context) and different periods、Different types、The production logic within different texts is effective "docking"，Internal and external interaction。

third，Literary experience and research based on narrative analysis。The writer faces the real character prototype and event prototype，Why rewrite the ability like this instead of rewriting that way，There is a profound connection with the specific social problems and multiple social forces in the context at that time。Therefore，Study can jump out of the text，From cases to overall，From micro to macro，Strive for narrative analysis of specific novels and series of novel text into the observation and thinking of the tradition of literature and its changes in the new period，Deeply study its changes，Then to refine the "Chinese Story" about the "Chinese Story" that has been changing in more than 40 years，response to literature、How to intervene in the reality of contemporary Bet365 app download China、Methods to think in time。

This is a new problem space that can be opened from the ability to criticize this "new window"。Bet from this，Can inspect the internal history of contemporary literature、The source and flow between modern/contemporary literature、Frequently and changing，You can also consider literature as a discourse practice for the social imagination of the new era、Recognition Construction、In -depth intervention of personal ethics remodeling。

(This article is the key project of the National Social Science Fund "40 years of reform and opening up novel skills discovery、Trying and Comprehensive Research "(21AZW020) staged results)

(Author Unit: Chinese Department of Sun Yat -sen University)