"The Book of Mountains and Seas Illustrated Praise" is a writer of the Jin Dynasty、Exegetical expert nj bet365’s annotated poem for "The Classic of Mountains and Seas"。
It can be found through the analysis of "Shan Hai Jing Tu Zan",Guo Pu not only has independent thoughts,And its own system。The induction of nj bet365 and man is a consistent core part of his overall thinking,At the same time, it synthesizes the thoughts of various schools,formed his personal characteristics。The thought that the induction of nj bet365 and man is the disaster of yin and yang,In the understanding of ancient Chinese,Human affairs and providence echo each other,People can sense God’s will through some changes in objects,nj bet365 can also intervene in human affairs。Reflected in "The Book of Mountains and Seas Illustrated Praise",That is, God expresses its will through the appearance and behavior of animals and plants,People can predict upcoming events through the appearance and changes of animals and plants。
"nj bet365 of Gods" and "nj bet365 of Nature"
The politics of the pre-Qin period took the divine right of kings as the core idea,In this ideology,The supreme ruler between nj bet365 and earth is nj bet365,God has free will and can express its will through punishment on people,This is also the original theological feature of the thought of divine induction。Han Dynasty,Dong Zhongshu inherited some characteristics of traditional theology,Incorporate the nj bet365 of gods into its philosophical concept of the interaction between nj bet365 and man。There are a series of propositions about the thoughts of destiny, ghosts and gods in Dong Zhongshu’s works,Jin Chunfeng divides his "nj bet365 Theory" thought into three aspects: the nj bet365 of gods、Moral nj bet365 and Natural nj bet365。"nj bet365 of Gods,Mainly inherited from the traditional concepts of Pre-Qin Dynasty,Morality is the transition from theological belief to philosophical rational thinking,Is idealism from theology to semi-theology、A stage in the process of moving from rough to refined”,“The natural sky mainly refers to the sky as the general term of the universe and the specific laws of natural operation” (Jin Chunfeng, "History of Thought of the Han Dynasty")。Therefore,We can have a rough understanding of the concept of "nj bet365" in Dong Zhongshu's thought of nj bet365 and human induction。
Guo Pu’s "Illustrated Praise for the Classic of Mountains and Seas" inherits Dong Zhongshu’s thought of induction between nj bet365 and man,Whether it is facing political issues,It’s still a real-life problem,Guo Pu always takes "nj bet365" as the center when solving problems。The "nj bet365" in Guo Pu's prose thoughts is compared to Dong Zhongshu's "nj bet365 Theory" thought,Reduced the ingredients of Moral Sky,The "nj bet365" in his thought of induction of nj bet365 and man includes both the nj bet365 of gods and the nj bet365 of nature。The nj bet365 of gods accounts for very little in Guo Putu’s praises,Mostly in his political papers,This is a means to solve political problems based on the Han Dynasty’s thought of induction between nj bet365 and man,The main content of the thought of taking the natural sky as the induction between nj bet365 and man,reflects Guo Pu’s personal thoughts and the progress of thought in the Wei and Jin Dynasties。
First,"nj bet365 of Gods"。It is written in "Provincial Punishment": "The uncle is a villain,Although the crime is not allowed,Why is it so inspiring to change,To the strange evil of Ruos!Ming Huangtian bless the Jin family,Your Majesty Ziai,Recurring disasters,Endless diligence。" (Guo Pu's "Guo Hongnong Collection") Guo Pu mentioned "spiritual change" and "emperor" in these two sentences,"Lingbian" and "Huangtian" are both gods with free will,The emperor was moved and ordered some strange things to alert the world,You can also intentionally order a disaster to remind the court。They represent the supreme ruler with free will,It is the nj bet365 of gods,Can guide and control human reality。
Second,"Natural nj bet365"。The nj bet365 of gods is just an excuse used by Guo Pu to get his political views adopted when admonishing the emperor,He does not believe in ghosts、People of the gods。He expressed this thought in "Tan Ren Gu Shu","I only listen to people,The good fortune comes from the gods" (Guo Pu's "Guo Hongnong Collection Notes"),That is, when people are satisfied,Only God will bring blessings,He raised people’s status higher。Wei and Jin Dynasties,The individual has awakened,Start to deny all morality、The solidified external world such as religion,When discussing people themselves,Thinkers in Wei and Jin Dynasties no longer regard the complicated phenomena of the external world as everything,Turn to people’s inner spiritual world。
Guo Pu was also affected by the times,Facing the animals, plants and mythical world in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas",He also adheres to the idea of relation between nj bet365 and man in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas",Believe that the induction of nj bet365 and man is the overall characteristic of things in nature。The "nj bet365" here is similar in concept to Dong Zhongshu's "natural nj bet365",But mixed with the characteristics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties。For example,In "Nanshan Sutra Illustrated Praise for Birds","The song is heard in Yi",The Magi See Release。The smallest reason,Nothing to say”,The relationship between the Eruma and the Magi,It is difficult to clarify with ordinary thinking,The subtle relationship between them is the inductive relationship between things。
Then,Who determines the relationship between things?“You can count them all,Unspeakable”,All changes are determined by luck,More than words can explain。In "Hainei East Meridian Tuzan·Yuzhou",Guo Pu proposed "the destiny of the gods",Impermanent things”,Believe that things are not static,The spirit controls everything。"Overseas Northern Classic Tuzan·Wuchang Country" has "Heart Reality and Spiritual Mansion,The rest is for external use。Get one and be safe,Everything is the same”,Thinking that spirit is the core thing,Everything else is external,The principles of nature between nj bet365 and earth are all connected,As long as you have the Tao, you can save your life。What really determines the characteristics of things is theory、is a number、It is the way,That’s natural。The nature here is very close to Dong Zhongshu’s natural sky,But it has the characteristics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties。
The characteristics nj bet365 times in the natural sky
Dong Zhongshu emphasized that the "natural nj bet365" in the induction of nj bet365 and man refers to the non-theistic nj bet365,As he put it in "Likes Move Like Likes":
The five notes are compared and self-singing,No God,The number is just that。Beautiful nj bet365 call for beautiful nj bet365,Evil deeds attract evil,The corresponding kind arises,If a horse crows, the horse will respond,The cow crows and the cow responds。The emperor’s general will flourish,Its beauty and auspiciousness are also prophetic;He will die,Monsters are also seers。
among them,“There is no God,It’s true”,It forms a kind of contradiction and opposition with his consistent thought of interaction between nj bet365 and man。“The center of Dong Zhongshu’s thoughts is mainly focused on politics,It is based on the theory of yin and yang,The legalist politics of punishment inherited from the Western Han Dynasty,Transformed into the Confucian idea of advocating virtue。” (Xu Fuguan’s “Continuation of the Collection of Chinese Thought History”) Dong Zhongshu’s idea of induction between nj bet365 and man is a means used for politics,And in this article,He also stated that natural fortune is the program that governs everything,This may be thinking from the perspective of a philosopher rather than a politician。He also put forward the idea that birds of a feather attract each other,It is also a method of interaction and connection between things under the control of natural destiny。Guo Pu also takes natural fortune as the core to govern the inductive relationship between things,But Guo Pu’s natural sky has its own characteristics。
First,nj bet365’s thought of divine induction is no longer limited to political affairs related to the imperial court,Instead, it includes issues that humans were more concerned about or troubled at that time,The reality content covered is wider。Examples can be seen everywhere in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas",There is not only the political aspect represented by the emperor,There are also other aspects of social life,But they are all content closely related to human beings。For example,In the article "Magnet attracts iron" in "Beishan Jing Tu Zan·Magnet",Amber takes mustard”。
Secondly,Guo Pu’s thought of induction between nj bet365 and man is closely connected with the philosophy of the Wei and Jin Dynasties。Proposed in "History of Ancient Chinese Thought: Volume of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties",Wei and Jin Dynasties,The decline of classics,The philosophy of Lao and Zhuang is flourishing。Celebrities may advocate "going beyond fame and education and letting nature take its course",Or try to "retreat" or "return",Both reflect a new philosophical trend and customs。Guo Pu’s thoughts on the induction of nj bet365 and man were influenced by the philosophical trends of this era,He classified various problems in nature as "Xuanming"。In the article "Overseas Western Classics Tuzan·Bingfeng" there is "Shu De Zi Tong",Seeking for the healing of the gap”,Facing some characteristics of everything in nature,Guo Pu said that he knew it but didn’t know why。When Guo Pu could not understand the principles of things in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas",He classified them as an induction relationship,Unified in the harmony of nature。
Interaction nj bet365 things
Guo Pu introduced the events of interaction between many things in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas",Reflects the important position occupied by the induction of nj bet365 and man in his thoughts。The crocodile and crocodile in "Nanshan Sutra Illustrated Praise: Crocodile and Crocodile" are symbols of drought。The bird in "The Western Mountain Sutra Illustrated Praise for"、The Zhuyan beast and the eel fish are the harbingers of war。In "Zhongshan Sutra Illustrated Praise",Frost falls when the nine bells ring,The appearance of a sniper represents the end of war。Etc.,Too many to name。
In nj bet365’s opinion,There is not only an inductive relationship between things and disasters,Things can also interact with each other。He pushed the mystery of the interaction between things to the laws of nature itself,Do not think it is God’s will,This is an improvement in his thinking。For example, in the article "Praise to Dongshan Illustrated Sutra·Fei" there is "the natural talent",Experience this shame”,It means that the interactive relationship between things is because they are endowed with the strange atmosphere of nature,So it is not others who make the decision,But nature。He also pointed out in "Dongshan Jing Tu Zan": "There is no way to count the numbers,Reasonable and latent persistence”,Believe that the laws of nature secretly control reality,This eliminates the mysterious relationship between things,Natural principles exist and control,This is also related to the change in people’s attitude towards God during the Wei and Jin Dynasties。"The Classic of Mountains and Seas" tells mostly stories from ancient times,People at that time believed that God had consciousness and the ability to make decisions。In the Wei and Jin Dynasties,The consciousness of scholars is getting stronger and stronger,Facing difficult-to-solve problems in real society,People no longer leave it to God to solve the problem as they did in ancient times,But transfer it to nature。
But many times,Guo Pu is also opposed to people’s blind fear of natural forces。For example, his attitude towards armadillos in "Dongshan Jing Tu Zan" is "How can this be done,Return to nj bet365”,Believe that armadillos have no ability to cause disaster。He returns everything to nature,Believe that the operation of everything is just the law of nature,This is the idea of the unity of nature and man advocated by Laozi,What it advocates is the harmonious relationship between man and nature。In short,In Guo Putian’s thoughts and ideas,“nj bet365” is not the emperor with will,But the laws of nature themselves,This is also the essential difference between Guo Pu’s thoughts and the concept of nj bet365 as the supreme commander in primitive mythology。
(Author’s affiliation: School of nj bet365 Language and Literature, Southwest University for Nationalities)
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