Wang Guowei (1877-1927)，Word Jing'an，No. Guantang，永 观 观，Zhejiang Haining native，It is an academic everyone with the reputation of the world，There are outstanding accomplishments in many disciplines such as literature and history。Some scholars have talked about the academic academics of Wang Guowei，I think Wang Guofei has been working hard for 20 years，But "Shooting is high"，It can have a foundation effect in multiple areas involved。But the key to the problem is，How can Wang Guowei "shot high"? The answer may be in his "born for learning，Learning for Non -Life ": Its knowledge originated in the big doubt of life，Educational comfort for the solution to solve the big doubt，In turn, it also achieved its life。Breeding with the Revolution of Xinhai，Wang Guowei's academic can be divided into two major periods，I was engaged in the study of Wenzhe during the previous period，The study of history during the last period。From his academic and life，You can find the answer to the above question。

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Summer 1901，Wang Guowei, who returned from Tokyo, Japan, entered its "independence era"。Due to physical weakness，Temperament depression，suffering from life problems，He decided to devote himself to philosophical research。Wang Guowei thinks，Philosophy can meet the deep needs of people's metaphysics。Academic compete for right and wrong and authenticity，instead of useless useless。Philosophy for pursuit of eternal general truth，This is the reason why philosophy is sacred and distinguished。Wang Guowei adheres to the transcendence of philosophy and its truth，Emphasize that there is no new and old、No Chinese West、Nothing useless。Big Age of Academic Enlies in Chinese and Western Academic，He thinks，"China、West Erxue，Sheng Ze Sheng，Dechat is declining，Atmosphere is both open，Push each other。and live today，Speaking of today's learning，Those who have no Western learning and are in the middle school，No middle school is uncomfortable and Western learning can flourish "。and，Wang Guowei thinks，University course settings cannot lack philosophy，One country culture cannot have no philosophy。If the country and society cannot respect its value，Endangered national situation。Revitalizing countries must also start from revitalizing academics (especially philosophy and literature)。Wang Guowei "Concern in the West"，Show the feelings of "worrying the world"。

In "Dream of Red Mansions" (1904)，Wang Guowei directly raises the ultimate problem of life meaning。He thinks，G. A. Büger (G. A. Büger) "Wish to speak philosophy，诏。When will it start，Where is the saying "，Is "a bet365 best casino games problem with everyone"，It is also "the problem that everyone has not solved"。The greatness of "Dream of Red Mansions" is，"Non -disciples ask this question，Those who solve it again "。"Dream of Red Mansions" Baoyu talks with monks，There is "Come here，Go to the place "，3047_3065。"A Dream of Red Mansions"，Realizing the pain of this life due to self -made，also shows that the way of liberation must not help but ask for themselves。"" Red Mansion Dream Comments "based on Schopenhauer's philosophy，The essence of life is constant in desire，Want to live with life、Pain Trinity; and Art make people be oversupply、Forgot to want to get in the pure knowledge，Isaida liberation; life pain out of self -made，Liberation lies in self -seeking，Its path is existence on birth。"Dream of Red Mansions" is "Tragedy in Tragedy"，The ultimate purpose of its art and the ultimate purpose of ethics are combined into one。This is the answer that Wang Guowei saw the meaning of life in "Dream of Red Mansions"。This answer is based on the framework of Schopenhauer's philosophy，But at the same time, there are profound questions。Schopenhauer's philosophy was regarded by the kingdom as a aesthetic aesthetic for subjective liberation，Aesthetic pursuit of "birth"，and ethics pursue "entering the WTO"，These two are difficult to coordinate，Internal contradictions that constitute Schopenhauer's philosophy。Wang Guowei realized，"Beauty to me also，Only a moment of relief，instead of eternal relief "。So the philosophy of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche，Although the personality of the kingdom is corresponding to the melancholy personality，But it cannot meet the needs of Kingdom's emotional long -lasting Andon，The crisis of social and political and cultural crisis that is becoming more and more deeper in the era of its time。

Compared to the split of Schopenhak Chinese and Learning，Wang Guowei saw a unified possibility in Kant。Wang Guowei thinks，Ruo Kant's philosophy is the sea，The other philosophy of later is the river;，Then others are branches and leaves。In "German Philosophy Everyone Khan Debi" published in 1906，The Kingdom of Kingdom described the life and line of Kant in detail。Kant’s lifestyle has a great impact on the kingdom。1906，When Wang Guowei compiled the book bureau in the Beijing Ministry of Studies as a translator，Its life is quite similar to Kant。After entering the Compilation Bureau every day, fix it on one seat，Not to leave，The words said in the three years add up to less than a hundred sentences，When others are talking about argument，He sat quietly，Can be said to be a wooden chicken，Do not say a word，Do not be delusional。The influence of Kant，​​Not only entering its heart，And energy。Hold for decades，Zhang Ertian has not seen the characters of the kingdom Wei Zang，"The bet365 best casino games learning of Jingyu is not special for three hundred years，That is, it is not a person who is not late "。From beginning to end，Wang Guowei has always maintained the status of a scholar，Ziyun: "Yu Life is accompanied by the book，Therefore, the favorite and the hardest to give up，Only this ear。"It is simple，A lot of communication with Luo Zhenyu，"Although there is something else，For those who learn about it about half，China is afraid there is no second person "。Wang Guowei is the kind of "born for learning，Learning for a living for not living "。

Wang Guowei thinks，Freedom of will constitutes the fundamental attention of Kant philosophy。His analysis of Kant's morality and religious theory，and summarize the relevant ideas as "about religion to morality"，Build religion based on morality，pointed out "the true religion must be united with morality"。From this perspective of Chinese philosophy，Wang Guowei wrote "Original Fate" (1906)，Digestion of Kant's third group of two laws back，That is the backbone of freedom and nature。Wang Guowei's motivation will also be included in the cause and effect，So question the freedom of will，Put forward the "concept of responsibility，own value，No need to use the freedom of will as wings "，Its core is to influence the influence of education and society，and psychological forces into the structure of the concept of responsibility。birth (liberation) and entering the WTO (Jingshi), the major problem of the times, still wrapped around Wang Guowei，The origin of the responsibility from the perspective of the subject rather than the world，Of course not to satisfy him。"Original Life" summarizes the mainstream tradition of Chinese philosophy: not to hold the theory of deepert (determinism)，Nor does not advocate freedom of will，Therefore, the conflict of decision theory that failed to resolve in Western philosophy and the theory of free will，Also avoided。By understanding the "limitations" of Kant，Chinese philosophy is valued。

　Facing the dilemma of cuteness and credibility 

Wang Guowei, who devoted himself to Western philosophy，The result of the inquiry of up and down is to integrate your personal spiritual liberation with the requirements of the times.，From this to the righteousness of "earth"。"Earth" represents the conclusion of the Kingdom of Philosophy，This conclusion finally reached the re -understanding of Confucius。Complete people，Not persistent liberation，Instead, the liberation is expanded in the "between"，People are side by side，Ji Dada，This is the fundamental significance of being born in the "earth"。Dedication in utilitarian but not being able to extricate themselves is "the world"，Similarly，Those who seek to be liberated from utilitarian and desire are also "earth"。"Earth" is between people，"Between" constitutes the starting point of bet365 Play online games people understanding and portraying their position: the use of the world is just within the "earth"，Liberation is just beyond the "world"，，"Earth" constitutes its true foundation。Therefore, the word "earth" can be described as Wang Guowei's dedication to the end of the Western learning in 1902。Wang Guowei a lot and deliberately use the "earth" from 1906。"Draft on Earth", "Draft on Earth", "Earth Words", etc.，All named "Earth"。Wang Guowei even takes "earth" as the number，Wu Changzhang's letter to Wang Guowei called Wang Guowei as "Mr. Human"，Members of the Luo Zhenyu family often call Wang Guowei as "earth"。The term "earth" reflects Wang Guowei's understanding of the ultimate meaning of his life for a long time。It is the understanding of this，Makes his life farewell to the time of philosophical inquiry，Turn to literature。

July 1907，Wang Guowei's mood "tired of philosophy"。In the kingdom，Philosophy cannot solve the contradiction between cute and credible。Great Sacred School、Ethics of Gao Yan and pure aesthetics can correspond to Kant's three major criticisms，But finally belongs to cute but unbelievable。Empirical trends in philosophy make systemic philosophy almost no longer possible，After the philosopher afterwards, although credible but no longer cute。When philosophy is no longer obsessed with the construction of the system，，The comprehensive and correction of becoming experienced became credible，Lost the cute nature。The greatness of the yearning for Wang Guowei、Solemn、Pure philosophy also faded with it。In this case，Become a "philosopher，If the Historian History of the Philosophy "。For Wang Guowei，Pure philosophy is to make people be superior、Forgot to Hua Wuxi，Itself has the meaning of spiritual liberation，But want to build a philosophy system，One of my own strength，Two is not allowed，And he cannot be satisfied with the identity positioning of the historian of philosophy。

As far as the current situation，On the one hand，Philosophy's own trend，Already biased to be credible but not cute，The current trend of philosophy often falls in the second meaning of not seeking pure; on the other hand，Pure philosophy for the nationality that is cut into actual but not still thinking，There is nothing to do with the historical tradition of using academic as the use of thick life，Therefore, it is difficult，Even philosophy is not as direct as art and religion。Therefore, in "yourself"，Create a purely self -created philosophical system，It is extremely difficult for Wang Guowei at that time。Therefore，The university he pursued without leaning，It must be surpassed by philosophy and look for it in a large family of humanities。In "World",，Pure philosophy did not help the liberation of the nationals at the time，I don’t want to also。Therefore，After two phases of weighing，bet365 best casino games He has to seek a new academic direction。

It is focusing on "earth"，The significance of art and religion is emphasized。For personal，The non -utilitarian properties of the hyperdoly of the art provide spiritual settlement; as far as customs are concerned,，The same art and religion，The transfer of customs by acting on human emotions。Emotional diseases such as spiritual emptiness and pain，Not dry science and serious morals can be treated。Emotional diseases can only be treated with emotion，The method is to make people send it when they are free，Then you can be repaired，Carving、Painting、Music、Literature, etc.，All are the so -called general "artistic comfort" of Wang Guowei。More importantly，Literature and art have no conflict between the contradictions between credibility and cuteness。

　　Performance of the meaning of "earth" 

Wang Guowei from philosophy to literature's so -called "steering"，It is the continuation of the righteousness of the "earth"。"Earth" means "between people"，"World" by the relationship between people，Horizontal and personal and family society，History and future。Wang Guowei's understanding of literature，also focuses on "earth" as a focus。"Poetry is Tao，Both description of life，And the person in life，Non -isolated life，and in the family、Life in the country and society also。"Therefore, as the existence of" earth "，Can't help but "worry" and "worrying"，As Peng Yuping said，"Compared with，Worries focusing on individuals — especially the worries of the fate of scholars，Due to the deep emotions of its vision，Surprising World focuses on the country、Worries of social fate "; and" worrying and true meaning of the world "，"There is also the meaning of worrying about the world"。Liu Xizai's "Arts" cloud: "The change of" Da Ya "，Anyonehood of the world; the change of "Xiaoya"，The meaning of more worry。"The tradition of worrying and worrying is the tradition of" Poetry "。The gentlemen of the ancients must live in the tension between "life" and "world"，However, you can't help but find out from it，that is beyond the attachment to the world。

Wang Guowei divides Chinese literature into two factions，That is the northern school and the southern school，The former nobles，The latter civilians; the former entering the WTO，The latter is the world; the former thermal faction，The latter cold sex faction; the former national faction，The latter personal style。"The ideal of the northern school，Placed in the society of that day; the ideal of the southern school，The tree is outside the society that day。"From the perspective of Wang Guowei，Great literary and poetry must be in the second faction。Qu Yuan's significance to Wang Guowei is，He answered the meaning of "earth" from the perspective of literature (big poet)，The upcoming hiddenness、Hypolical and worries、bet365 Play online games The worldwide entry into the WTO is deeply combined，This has formed its nature of Lianzhen，Both excel "on the earth" and do not abandon the "earth"。This is compared with the "big doubt" of the liberation of the "Red Mansion Dream Comment" stage，The difference is that "the world" constitutes the foundation of the birth of birth，and the birth of the birth of a positive way for "earth" (life and world)。

This "earth" is a meaning of understanding in "Extramagement"。"Earth Words" No. 60: "The poet to the life of the universe，Must enter it，It must be out of the way。Entering it，Therefore, it can be written。Extraordinary，Therefore, you can see it。Entering it，Therefore, I am angry。Extraordinary，Therefore, there is a high to me。Meicheng can enter and cannot come out。Baishi to drop，I didn’t dream of all things in this way。"This is undoubtedly the deep experience of Wang Guowei for the righteousness of the" earth "。Those who enter it，Can't help but love its life，Cherish Qiji，It is righteous，Born in the world is a lifelong posture，Together with the people with the people，The prosperity of the National Games，Store with Sven，I am pregnant，No Yi，From this endless life，No separation from the world;，The so -called "Try to peak the peak and peek at Haoyue，Occasionally open the sky with red dust "。Mountains and rivers seen in the eyes of the sky、The world seen in the body，It is "beyond the outside"。The so -called over -the -object is outside，I am pregnant，Is for "No Ersdown"。The poet is for things，"The writer is what he observes，The viewer of the viewer is what it stored "，and their own people are "into the world"，Once you reach "I don't have time to do it, Taoism is one，unknown with Tianming "，"Outside" 矣。Before the outsiders, those who are out of the country，There is a state of high cause; and those who cannot enter it outside of them，It can be really out of the same way。It must be integrated with personal liberation and anxiety，"Birth" is not away from the way of "earth"，Instead, care about the "world" method in higher time and space dimensions。Sije is the "world" of the "world" obtained by Wang Guowei。Comparison for comparison，The pure philosophy of Schopenhauer and Kant style focuses on "not practical" and strives to "beyond"，and literature from feelings to the heart，Therefore，Therefore, it can be described as "entering it"。

Entry and exit Western learning，Bypass Kant，Wang Guowei, who is in the "world" in China, can be described as "beyond"。Re -entered the historical and cultural world of China with a new perspective，It is "Entering it" at the new level。So，Wang Guowei's later academic and life began to start: Turn to the study of Chinese classics，Even turning to the actor of being regarded by the scholar as a "small road", but the opera with a folk foundation，This is "Entering the Internal" bet365 Play online games to the Chinese society, the world of history and culture。

Doubt of the ancient thought tide、Under the atmosphere of the three generations of narratives，Wang Guowei shifts to the study of history，Dual Evidence Methods confirmed with new materials on the paper，Basically confirmed the Yin Wang Shi Department written by Sima Qian，Confirm the reliability of Yin and Shang History。He fell in love with the third generation ceremony，The mentality of survival and death，Write "Yin Zhou System Theory"，And self -proclaimed this article is the "big text" of the study of history。In the kingdom，The most worrying thing is the fate of Chinese culture formed in history。In the context of bringing great uncertainty to the world and humans in the First World War，Under the ideological situation of "Tao Two" in Chinese and Western academic encounters，Wang Guowei re -thinks the future significance of Chinese civilization through "On Political Science"，Reconstruction of Chinese civilization through "Yin Zhou System Theory"。The change of Yin Zhou will be changed，It is regarded as an old system and a new system.、Old culture abandoned and new culture，The essence of the Zhou people's system was summarized as the "upper and lower morals，And Heaven、Princes、Qing、Doctor、Shi、The people are a group of morality "，，This insider is full of understanding of the essence of Chinese civilization。At the same time，Wang Guowei reviews Zhou Li with extreme rationality and cold censorship，Discovered the system foundation of Zhou Gong's creations，Kiss for Zhou Lizhong's inner、The principle of respect has a very profound explanation，The tension between the virtue and the ritual of the inner contains is more incompetent。He will pass through Chinese and Western studies in depth，From the perspective of "out of the way，Deep into Yin Zhou Time and Space of Chinese Civilization，Reconstruction gives it inspiration and direction。

　(The author is deputy dean of Zhejiang University Ma Yifu College、Professor)