June 3，American Think Tank Brukins Society held a seminar "Race wealth inequality: social problems and solutions"，Experts from the meeting discussed White and African Americans、The cause of the huge wealth gap between Spanish people，Effects of all kinds of policies to promote equal policies、Limitation and improvement of related topics，and based on their own observations and research, I put forward suggestions for solving。

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Brukins Society Race、Prosperity and tolerance Project Director and Political Governance Project Senior Researcher Camille Busette said，In the United States，Race wealth inequality is a social problem that has been widely recognized and studied，It has universal and severe nature。For example, in Washington, DC，White family wealth value is about 12 times that of African -American families，This comparison is more significant in other areas。White and African -American、The wealth and income gap in Spain -，Both are rooted in the history of slavery in the United States，It is also a long -term federal、State to the place、The results of the increase in policies at all levels in the community。

Alexandra Killewald, a professor of sociology at Harvard University in the United States, involves intergenerational continuation of wealth inequality。Ziward Talk，Children's wealth status is usually similar to parents，Long -term discrimination that leads to discrimination leads to less resources from African families are usually less than Bet365 app download white families。Qiward and Sociology Assistant Professor Brielle Bryan, a sociological assistant professor at the University of the United States. In the study of the extension of the gap "，Adopting the life process of life，See wealth as a cumulative result，The role of the inferiority and the differences in generations in the process of wealth accumulation。Two scholars discovery by analyzing the data of the American population，On the one hand，Among Americans 20-50 years old，African -American and White、The gap between the wealth accumulation of Spanish and white is 50%and 40%from intergenerational disadvantages。On the other hand，The contemporary policy of the United States also causes the continuation and expansion of the gap between racial wealth。Qiward and the professor of sociology at the University of Michigan, Fabian T. PFEFFER (Fabian T. PFEFFFER), found in another study called "Equalism and Cumulative Wealth"，Even if the level of parents' wealth is the same，There is still a gap in the level of personal wealth of white and African children after adulthood。So，When it comes to the problem of racial wealth gap，It is necessary to consider the impact left by history，Also pay attention to the "new" inequality of each generation。

Ziward also proposed，People often focus on the direct factor that leads to the gap between the intergenerational wealth，Such as inheritance and gift，but ignored the indirect mechanism，If in a good community、Fortune value -added brought by the purchase of houses in the good school district。Studies by Qiward and others show，African -American and Spanish descent lacks the same as white、The characteristics or resources Bet365 app download that can increase wealth。Even if you have these resources，African and Spanish people have less benefits than white。For example，On the real estate market，African and Spanish descent less income and wealth than white，The proportion of buying real estate is low，And the value -added rate of African and Spanish real estate is also slower than white real estate (this part is due to racial residence isolation)。This "multiple disadvantages" is also found in the education system and labor market。Ziward thinks，To reduce the racial wealth gap that reduces long -term survival，Take local、A strong improvement measures are beneficial，But if you want to get substantial progress，Must implement a comprehensive structural intervention，Because this problem is both historic，There is also contemporary，Involved income、Real Estate、Education、Employment and other aspects。

　　Ineviation affects class recognition

Executive Director of the Applied Social Science Research Laboratory at the University of Maryland、Associate Professor Rashawn Ray, an associate professor of sociology, considers the issue of racial wealth from the perspective of class recognition。In his opinion，One of the functions of wealth is to give people a higher social status and enter a specific space、The ability to use specific resources (these spaces and resources are mostly regarded as "exclusive" in some social members)。

But，Lei and other scholars analyzed the data of American society survey from the 1970s to the present after the 1970s.，Even if Africa has the same income as white people、Education level、Professional fame and even owns real estate，The proportion of them regarded as the middle bet365 live casino games class is still significantly lower than white。

Thunder thinks，One of the reasons for this phenomenon is，The self -positioning of the social class depends not only on the actual wealth，It also depends on the experience in daily life，The "middle -class experience" of African -American is often destroyed with racial discrimination policies and customs。At the same time，Insufficient wealth stability of African -American，Real value is more likely to "shrink"。According to Brukins City Policy Project Chair Researcher Andre M. Perry, etc.，In the 119 Metropolitan Area in the United States，There are 117 phenomena of "depreciation" of African -American community real estate，That is, if 50%of a community residents are non -descent，So calculate it average，The value of the real estate in the community is only about half of the value of the community houses of African residents。Even when the quality of the house and the quality of the community facilities，The value of community property based on African -American residents is still 23%lower than that of community real estate with very few African residents。and，The higher the "depreciation" of real estate in African -American community，The lower the upper social liquidity of African -American children who grew up in these communities，and the higher the degree of racial living in the urban area where its urban area is,。

　Bleachy Status discrimination

Director of the Institute of Assets and Social Policy of Brandis University in the United States, Thomas M. Shapiro, introduced，2016 U.S. Consumer Financial Survey shows，White American Family、African -American families、The medium number of net worth of the family wealth of Spain is 171,000 US dollars、$ 17,000、$ 21,000。In other words，Bet365 lotto review White family has 1 US dollars per US，African and Spanish families have only about 10 cents。1984-2015，The average wealth of white families in labor age increased from 88,000 US dollars to $ 275,000，Average wealth of African -American families in labor age increases from $ 4,000 to $ 17,000。Visible，Although African -American's own economic conditions have improved，but obviously not caught up with white wealth accumulation speed，Instead, it is farther farther。

What is even more worrying is，In the ideal of Americans，If people have achieved similar results，The returns obtained should also be similar。But，The actual situation is，Even in income、Education、Career、Family structure and other conditions are near，White and African -American、The gap between the wealth between Spain can only be reduced by about 50%。Studies by Xiapiro and others，Among Americans who have received college education，White wealth median is 7.2 times the African -American、3.9 times of Spanish descent。Among the American families with a full -time worker，The median of the white family wealth is 7.6 times that of African -American families、5.4 times the Spanish family。The median of the wealth of a single -parent white family in the United States is 2.2 times that of the parents of both parents of African -American families、1.9 times the parents of the Spanish family in both parents。From the perspective of consumption，White families with similar income are spent more than African families，But the wealth accumulated by the white family is more。This description，Of course, all the racial wealth gaps are attributed to whether it has received higher education、Whether to engage in full -time Bet365 lotto review work、How to wait for the family form and other surface factors is not suitable。

Shaturo told this reporter，Explore the deep correlation between race and wealth，helps to reveal how social advantages and disadvantages are passed on with generations with family wealth、How to solidify the race class to produce and continue。A large number of studies on the gap between racial wealth indicate，This is the "sequelae" of history、Public policy defects and institutional discrimination commonly created，Americans need to carry out large -scale publicity and mobilization and positive social movements，to promote the proposal on reducing racial inequality to enter the national policy and legislative agenda。

Lei Jie Say，"Background" magazine recently published an interview with David B. Grusky, a professor of sociology at Stanford University in the United States。He suggests，Carry out bold re -distribution and de -commodity experiments，To eliminate economic and racial inequality。The government should strive to get the same opportunity for survival and development。

Qiward said，is reducing inequality、The initiative and action of narrowing the ethnic wealth gap should be paid attention to using appropriate language expressions。Volkswagen often says that the upper people of society have greatly benefited from the "hereditary" advantage、Enjoy various privileges。Although this is a fact，But the people who are targeted will feel that this is criticizing that they have not paid their personal efforts and enjoy it，So that the position of the two parties is more opposite。It may be more effective.，Emphasized that someone is working very hard，But because of race、Family or policy reasons cannot get the bet365 Play online games same return，This is unfair to those who work hard。