Recently，The University of California in the United States pays high cooperation fees to the world -renowned academic publisher Elsevier，As a result, the publisher canceled the access right of the University of California on its online journal。July 15，Mackenzie Smith, the associate in charge of the Library and Data Department of the University of California, public vocalization，Expressing concerns about the prospects of the opening of academic resources，Once again, people's attention to the incident。

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As early as February 2018，The online access permission contract between the University of California and the Ais Weimer expires and the preliminary negotiation fails，The two parties entered the confrontation stage。But at that time, the University of California could still access its academic resources through the Aiswe online platform "Start Science"。From the end of 2018 to the beginning of 2019，The two parties announced that the negotiations failed again，Cooperation relationship rupture。At that time，The University of California declares，In the future, I will no longer pay the subscription fee up to tens of millions of dollars per year in Ais Weier。but but，After Bet365 lotto review stopping the subscription，The University of California still has the right to visit the academic achievements published by the publication of Ais Weil in January 1, 2019。In the first half of 2019，After several rounds of negotiations，The University of California still decides not to renew the visa，Give up the cooperation with Ais Weier。Recent，Ais Weier completely canceled the academic articles published by the University of California to the academic article published since January 1, 2019。

During the negotiation process，The University of California proposed，All the research results published by the school in Ais Weier will be open for free to readers all over the world，and control the cost of the school subscription journal。This directly damages the business interests of Ais Weier。On the one hand，2018，About 50,000 academic articles published by the University of California，Among them, about 10,000 articles were published by Ais Weier，If you open it for free，Ais Weier will face major losses。On the other hand，Subscribeling fee is an important source of income for Ais Weier，The subscription fee of the University of California in Ais Weier is as high as $ 11 million per year。

Academic institutions' resistance to Ais Weier is not a lonely example。As an academic publisher，Ais Weier is known for its high profit margin。Data indicates，The profit margin of the publishing house in 2017 was 37%，profit is as high as 1.17 billion US dollars，Subscribe to academic institutions is one of its important sources of income。In view of the particularity of academic bet365 live casino games resources，The voices of the academic community in the academic resources in recent years have become increasingly rising，And has repeatedly resisted the profit behavior of Ais Weimer。As early as 2006，Editorial Committee of "Topology" magazine under Ais Weier has protested by resignation to protest the subscription fee。Member of the editorial board、Professor Marc Lackenby, a professor at the Department of Mathematics at Oxford University, believes，"Ais Weimer as an academic publishing group，Not based on academic communication，Instead, for the purpose of making business benefits "。Subsequent，Oxford University and Ai Stel interrupted academic cooperation。2012，More than 10,000 scientists jointly protested with the profit business model of Ais Weier。2018，In Sweden and Hungary，The academic community also organized protest activities。At the end of 2018，The Max Planck Society in Germany announced that she will no longer subscribe to the relevant journals of Ais Weier。

For this，Smith said，The reason why this operation of the University of California has received widespread attention，It is because the incident reflects the development of the Internet that failed to realize people's previous vision，That is to allow anyone in the world to easily obtain and share knowledge。Due to academic resources play a special role for human civilization，A series of events caused by Ais Weier，It is widely considered by the academic community to be an important symbol of the failure bet365 Play online games of academic research resource sharing system。This also indicates that in the digital era，Research results sharing of colleges and universities、Establishing a structural change in the way of establishing academic reputation and preservation of knowledge。

　Reduce the cost of flowing academic achievements

This contest of college and publishing house，How will Knowledge spread in the future。Jeffrey Mason, a librarian of the University of California, even commented that the negotiations were even evaluated "a negotiation that affects the process of social science development and human progress"。

It is understood，In the five -year contract with the University of California，In order，The school spent about 50 million US dollars huge sums of money，Among them, a certain percentage of results are derived from scholars at the school。After losing the access right this time，It has a great impact on researchers, especially young scholars。Lost the source of this important academic resource source，Their research will be hindered to a certain extent。and，Can publish academic achievements under the golden sign of Ais Weier，It will have a great role in promoting their career prospects。

American "Atlantic Monthly" published scholar articles，The main goal of academic publishing is to spread academic achievements that are not easy to get human，Share knowledge that promotes the development of human civilization。But the publisher charges a lot of subscription fees，Make except for some bet365 Play online games wealthy academic institutions，Individual researchers often difficult to obtain academic results because they cannot pay high fees。

Take the United States as an example，Some research funds usually come from government institutions，Researchers actually use taxpayers' money to produce results。But when the public tries to read new academic research results，However, it will be rejected by the payment system。This makes the logical chain between public interest and academic research and its output results in a break state。

Smith said，In the printing era，Journal of college libraries can be used for free researchers to use，Public universities can also allow ordinary public to read and learn these journals。But in the current business model，The publisher transferred the journal to the Internet，Researchers have adapted to the convenience of visiting articles on the Internet，But the profit -seeking behavior of the publisher has led to the use of online resources of college libraries.，The general public needs to pay an average papers of 35-40 US dollars for access fees。Smith said，Digitalization of academic resources is the result of the progress of the times，It is conducive to scientific research，But the cost of academic resources in unlimited increase will seriously hinder academic exchanges。

　　Academic sharing is the future of knowledge spread

Need to re -clarify the symbiotic relationship between academic institutions and publishing institutions。The official website of bet365 live casino games "Science" posted a post saying，High subscription costs have spawned illegal websites，Some academic pirated websites make a profit because they can provide users with low -cost paid reading。Some researchers are exploring how to obtain academic resources by bypass the publisher through legal channels，But there is no major breakthrough at present。Some commentators said，The cost of reducing academic exchanges and knowledge communication，Almost academic consensus，It is also the original intention of open access。

From Smith's view，Academic publishers paid costs during the operation，The payment system has its own reasonableness。But the current problem is，The income of the publisher far exceeds its operating cost，Create a "paid wall" to become a huge profits that rely on academic resources。

Smith said，Paying Wall and Online Subscribe to have a positive effect in the media ecosystem，But this is not the best academic publishing mode。The University of California has always supported open access，Because the school firmly believes in a concept: so that everyone in the world can obtain the knowledge created by the school's teachers and researchers，Let the results of academic research benefit everyone。In fact，More and more scholars have supported open access，in order to spread their articles to the public for free。These scholars firmly believe，Open access is the general trend，Academic sharing is the future of human knowledge spread。

(Newspaper Boston, July 20th)