The University of Bristol Press in the UK published a new book in 2021 co-authored by David Beer, a professor at the Department of Sociology at the University of York, and Benjamin Jacobsen, a researcher at the Department of Geography at Durham University in the UK. "Social Media and the Automated Production of Memory: Classifying the Past、Ranking and sorting》。bet365 offer host vast amounts of biographical data about people’s lives，After some time，The content posted by users in the past will also be repackaged as "memories" and pushed to users。Based on novel quantitative research、Industry reports and documents，This book critically explores the processes behind the creation of this new form of memory，Examines how the way people remember is being changed by social media。Our reporter recently interviewed two scholars on the issues discussed in the book。

　　bet365 offer is measured and targeted

　　"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":Please introduce the topic background of the book "bet365 offer and the Automatic Production of Memory"。

　　Bill:As social media is deeply integrated into people’s daily lives and interactions，People inevitably leave traces of their personal lives on bet365 offer，Day after day，These contents will accumulate into a huge library of biographical information。The platform can easily “reuse” user-related content，Make it have new meaning for users and circulate again。Due to the huge volume of file data，Automated pathways are used to filter out historical content worth reproducing and make it manageable。

German philosopher、The cultural critic Walter Benjamin talked about the "excavation" of bet365 offer in an unfinished manuscript in 1932。He thinks，bet365 offer needs to be implemented，It is the product of positive action，People can actively mine memories from the debris of daily life that continues to pile up。Under his depiction，The individual’s search for bet365 offer is like an archaeologist discovering old objects buried under the soil。This requires us to travel to the same location multiple times，Develop an excavation plan in an organized manner，Use "a shovel to carefully test the dark rich soil"。In Benjamin’s view，People will be very proactive in looking for it、Choose and recall memories，It is this process that defines a moment in the past as a bet365 offer，Actively explore the authenticity of memories to individuals。

However，Benjamin’s insights provide only a starting point。With the popularization of technology，Various technological changes related to memory generation such as digital memories have emerged。Our book focuses on the automated recognition of memories by algorithm-driven bet365 offer、Classification、Ranking and delivery，We want to know how people react to this，And how packaged memories affect an individual’s understanding of their life record。

　　"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":In what ways is bet365 offer book inspired by existing research?

　　Jacobson:In recent years，Many scholars have conducted research on how digital technology affects and shapes the conditions of memory practice in contemporary life，And proposed concepts such as "digital memory" and "mediated memories"，To understand digital products (images、Post、How digital archives) can become a medium for people to engage with the past on a personal and sociocultural level。José van Dijck, a professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, stated in the book "Mediated Memory in the Digital Age"，To create and recreate ourselves in the past、Now、The meaning of the future relative to others，People use media technologies to produce and possess objects，And "modulated memory" is a way to explore these objects。As bet365 offer have launched “memory/return to the past” functions，“Regulated Memory” becomes a dig、Analysis、Classification、Ranking data points，And finally delivered to users。Therefore，It is crucial to study the process by which past content becomes “memory” on bet365 offer。

The memory generation process discussed in this book is related to two macro trends。One aspect is metrics and the expansion of social ordering based on metrics，Also known as "metric power"。On the other hand is the massive expansion of targeting，Data is used to push content directly to individuals。These two aspects are closely related，Take them into consideration，Helps to view memory production on bet365 offer as a way to measure、Prediction、Part of the cultural shift oriented by automated logic。In this context，Even a memory as personal as this、Personalized things，The relative utility can also be calculated，Measure its value。

Nearly 20 years，The application of measurement in society is exploding，Social media and geolocation devices expand the scope of digitalization – people can become data。The presence and power of metrics in social ordering is increasingly clear。Proposed by Andrea Mubi Brighenti, Professor of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Italy，Measurement is not just a tool in our hands，It’s still the environment we live in”。Obviously，bet365 offer are a metric space，People’s interactions on bet365 offer become data，Ranking of different types of data occurs frequently。We want to understand that in such a space，How memories are measured and “valued”。

As more and more aspects of daily life are “abstracted” into data，The trace data people leave on the Internet，Subscribed via News、Recommendation system、Message notification、Push content to individuals via personalized customization。These algorithm-driven processes allow content to find users，Instead of users looking for content。Target audience delivery seeking prediction、Influence or guide people's behavior、Action、Select，Memory can also be the delivered content，In our book we describe in detail how bet365 offer use algorithms to enable “memory” to find users。

　Defining bet365 offer is a difficult problem

"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":Strictly speaking，Can "automatic bet365 offer" be counted as real bet365 offer？

　　Bill:What kind of memory is "real/real memory"？This itself is a difficult and controversial question。We may well regard the brain as the central site of “real” memory，Think that memory is relatively stable、Fixed - if the memory is stored in the brain，At least we know where to look。However，Memory is never limited to the subject of memory，Not limited to physiological organs。People’s memories often differ from those of other people、Things、Things are related to each other，People can pass smell、Voice、Specific experiences recall forgotten events。Memory may be wrong，False memories may be implanted...all this seems to indicate，Memory exists in the brain、bet365 offer relations、Things、The intersection of technology and wider society。

Compared to "real memory"，At the heart of the book’s discussion is who or what defines memory。Our view is，bet365 offer are influencing people’s definition and understanding of memory。With the help of machine learning algorithm，Increasingly, these platforms are beginning to define what memory is “good”、Which traces are worth remembering or not，And present to people automatically produced “prefabricated memories”。This phenomenon needs urgent attention and research，Because bet365 offer define some specific data as "memory"，Hide other memories，This involves the issue of power in social media。

　"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":What content users have posted may be marked as "memories" by bet365 offer？

　　Bill:We include a detailed list in the book，include posts、Picture、Major life events、Various anniversaries, etc.。Past content marked as "Memories"，First need to be classified into various categories，Such as "holiday memories", "memories with friends", "family memories"。Categorization allows machine learning algorithms to rank memories and assign corresponding values，High-level memories are expected to "emerge"，Memories with low levels will continue to "sleep"。bet365 offer try to show users their “best” memories through rankings，In other words，Use a ranking algorithm to predict the memories that users are most likely to want to see in the future。

　　"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":How bet365 offer platform users react to the automated production of memories？What impact will this phenomenon have on how people remember and on the definition and use of memory？

　Jacobson:Automatic production of memory creates conflict，A variety of different reactions from users。Some users said，The “memory” function of social media is very useful，Shows parts of their data history that they haven’t reviewed in a long time or have forgotten about。bet365 offer want users to feel that these “memories” are native，The automatic production process is smooth，But after interviewing users, we found out，That’s not the case。bet365 offer don’t always accurately predict past content users want to see。Some users said，Some of the “memories” re-transmitted to them by bet365 offer make them feel uncomfortable or even creepy。This is because the automatic production of memories is seen as too intrusive - memories are private，Should not be generated by an algorithm。Some other users think，Memories displayed on bet365 offer are not “real” memories，Because of how often you use bet365 offer，Not enough for the platform to understand what memory is to them。

　One possible impact of “automated memory” is to change the definition of memory。People will be more and more exposed、Experience、Share or ignore memories automatically produced by bet365 offer，This may lead to our understanding of what memory is、Change in view of what it is not，The understanding of “good” memory may also change。bet365 offer usually only want to show the positive、Exciting memories，Will “negative” memories be increasingly hidden?？These questions cannot be answered yet，Worth continuous observation。

　Concepts of self and identity bet365 offer change

"Chinese bet365 offer Sciences Journal":Many people believe that past experiences shape who we are，The bet365 offer of these experiences plays an important role。If it is true，After algorithm screening、Classification、Ranking bet365 offer，Whether it will change people’s understanding of self and identity？

　　Jacobson:Memory does make us，People are like a relationship between the past and the present、Event、A network formed by connections。Currently，It is difficult to predict how “automated memory” will change concepts of self and identity，But only engage with “good” memories as defined by bet365 offer，It may very well influence how we view ourselves and others、How to understand the past、How to live in the present, etc.，Produce some kind of change。Maybe soon，People will not care about human brain memory，Because bet365 offer remember for us。

In a discussion about the relationship between people and their own data，A commonly used concept is "data shadow": when sending and receiving email、Update social media profiles、Using credit card payment and other daily activities，People leave information in the data structures around them，These "by-products" are with us like shadows。But is there really a shadow or reflection of a "stable self"？In contemporary society，Our data sticks to us，As Taina Bucher, associate professor at the Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Norway, said，“In the digital world，It is impossible to disconnect from anything”。Proposed by Deborah Lupton, Professor at the Social Policy Research Center of the University of New South Wales, Australia，Self does not exist outside data，self、Identity、The concept of embodiment，And how they manifest themselves through digital technologies in everyday life，These are the keys to understanding the personal data experience。Memory is one of the core parts of the self，How bet365 offer’ automated metric interventions on memory will impact self and identity，It is an interesting topic worthy of future research。