No matter which subject you are in，Only a few scholars and their research results can become classics，Arouse continued interest in academic circles and lay the foundation for subsequent research。However，People are not very aware that scholars and their work are recognized、The process of standing out。The research results published this year by Nicole Holzhauser, a sociology researcher at the Technical University of Braunschweig in Germany, "The "Canonization" Process of Exclusivity in Quantitative Research，Or how to become a classic in social sciences》，Exploring the distribution process and exclusive logic of “recognition” and “status” in German sociology bet365 promo codes 20th century，To better understand the selection and reputation mechanisms in this field。

　　Cultural and bet365 promo codes capital work together

　For many scholars，By publishing papers、Published works、Recognition gained by being cited by peers is not enough，They also hope to become “influencers” bet365 promo codes subject or even be included in textbooks，Provide inspiration for generations of scholars bet365 promo codes future。As for how to achieve this goal？Holzhoiser thinks，Perhaps some clues can be found by examining the past “canonization” process in academia。

Holzhoiser said，Recognition and status are related to each other，Can be regarded as what French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu called "symbolic capital"。According to Bourdieu’s theory，High recognition and high status are usually accompanied by large amounts of capital in a cumulative effect，This will cause further accumulation，Form competitive advantage over the long term。In extreme cases，A field may be severely stratified，The bottom gets very little recognition，The top level has received a lot of recognition。bet365 promo codes ideal scientific world，Recognition and status are reflections of academic achievement，It increases the “visibility” of scholars，Social network expanded。In other words，Recognition is primarily related to cultural capital (i.e. skills that produce knowledge)，“Classic” is the result of screening based on cultural capital，Social capital (such as influential social positions) is a product of recognition and status rather than a means。However，bet365 promo codes real scientific world，Cultural capital is not always the only basis for status distribution，Social positions not necessarily related to academic achievements、Gender and other aspects also play a role。

To understand whether cultural capital and social capital predict whether a sociologist will become a "classic" bet365 promo codes future，Holzhauser analyzed the citations in German-language literature of 957 sociologists who lived bet365 promo codes 20th century。Among them，909 males、35 women，Another 13 people cannot determine the gender。Holzhauser said，The huge gap bet365 promo codes ratio of men to women is not surprising。Early 20th century，It is still rare for women to engage in academic research。She created two data groups，The basic data group includes all scholars bet365 promo codes "Concise Dictionary of Sociology"，The classic data group includes all scholars who were given "classic" status in "Sociological Classics"。"Concise Dictionary of Sociology" published in 1931，Had a significant influence on the establishment of modern German sociology；There are two versions of "Sociological Classics"，Published bet365 promo codes 1970s and 1990s，Widely used in sociology teaching in German universities，Also used in classical research。Subsequently，She compares two data sets，To explore the formation trajectory and contributing factors of "classics"。

　Cultural bet365 promo codes is the key to “classification”

Holzhoiser discovered，As early as 1931，There has been a clear stratification in recognition and status in German sociology circles。Among 957 sociologists，83% (792 people) were cited as 1 or 2 pages，Only 6% (55 people) have more than 5 citations，2% (18 people) have been cited in more than 10 pages。Of these 957 people，20 people served as members of the German Sociological Association at that time or later，Their average number of cited pages is 8。Overall，There is a positive correlation between high recognition (number of cited pages) and high bet365 promo codes position (society member)。

Comparative analysis results display，Only 1.25%—1.4% of sociologists become “classics”，And the vast majority of people will be forgotten。Because "Sociological Classics" only includes male scholars，No female sociologist has become a "classic"。The proportion of scholars with 6-10 and 1-5 cited pages becoming "classics" is 6%-9% and 0%-0 respectively.001%，Significantly lower than scholars with more than 10 page citations (30%-40% become "classics")。Visible，Being highly recognized for academic achievements is helpful in becoming a "classic"。In terms of social position，Being a member of the German Sociological Association will not significantly increase the probability of becoming a "classic"。Therefore，Overall，The key to the “classification” of German sociology bet365 promo codes 20th century is the accumulation of cultural capital；Social capital may temporarily bring high recognition，But it won’t last long。

From a gender perspective，Although at least 3% of the scholars included bet365 promo codes "Concise Dictionary of Sociology" are women，But not until 2000，Only female sociologists have entered the ranks of “classics”。And，Their inclusion bet365 promo codes "classic" category is not due to recognition of historical continuity，But some kind of "knowledge archeology" selectively rediscovered them。For example，The book "Female Founders: Sociology and Social Theory (1830-1930)" published in 1998 introduces 15 outstanding female sociologists and their works from the 19th to the early 20th century。As time goes by，More female scholars are recognized，But the absolute number still lags behind its male counterparts。

　Examining bet365 promo codes evaluation standards through “classification”

Holzhoiser told this reporter，Although there is currently no large amount of evidence，But it’s conceivable，The patterns she observed were not limited to sociology or Germany。Scientific research is a universal undertaking，The rules that determine academic reputation bet365 promo codes scientific community of various countries (at least Western countries)、Applied in roughly the same way in various research fields。Other theoretical and empirical research shows，The phenomenon described by Holzhoiser may be widespread。For example，Etienne Orion, professor at Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, France (?tienne Ollion) and Andrew Abbott, professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, bet365 promo codes 2016 research result "The French Connection: The Reception of French Sociologists bet365 promo codes United States (1970-2012)"，Examined the ideological inspiration of French sociologists on American sociologists bet365 promo codes previous 40 years，And found in a sample of 200 people，Only a few scholars have gained much attention，Others are almost "invisible"。

In recent decades，Female scholars have increased significantly。As gender equality improves、The rise of feminism and postcolonialism，Recognition and status allocation practices change slowly，But it will take a long time to be reflected bet365 promo codes literature citations，Because the old model is not easy to reverse。In addition，Holzhauser also analyzed the professional titles of female sociologists in German academic works since the second half of the 20th century。Result display，Female scholars are still underrepresented，This is in contrast to the progressive trend of gender equality at the end of the 20th century。

Also，The recognition and status distribution of humanities and social sciences are quite different from those of natural sciences。bet365 promo codes field of natural sciences，More objective criteria for judging whether scientific descriptions are appropriate。Experimental methods of natural science help to obtain conclusive evidence of causal relationships。bet365 promo codes field of humanities and social sciences，Interpretation of the world is guided by theory，Less restricted by the material world，The evaluation criteria of scientific research achievements are more liberal。Therefore，Social value and social reputation have a greater impact on recognition and status distribution。

According to Holzhoiser，There is a strong need for the scientific community to review the definition of academic achievement and the way recognition is distributed，Because bet365 promo codes long run，Different strategies may create completely different scientific research ecosystems。For example，Many extremely important scientific discoveries do not have an impact until several years later，Therefore it is not easy to obtain recognition within a short academic evaluation cycle。Another example，If you only focus on the number of papers published by scholars、Journal Impact Factor，Rewards may be concentrated on scholars who have a certain influence in a field，Not conducive to innovation of theories and methods。The scientific community needs to openly discuss and reach consensus on appropriate standards for academic evaluation，To make the process of assigning recognition and reputation clearer and more transparent。