"Double Decrease" policy is implemented，The teaching and training industry has transformed，This is the major strategic layout of the reform and development of basic education in the new era，This reform is promoting overall changes in my country's basic education pattern。Reduce students' academic pressure，Promote students' morals、Intelligence、Psychological、Comprehensive development of the body，Let education return to its original meaning，It is a common call for educators and parents。What kind of education is good? In recent years，China Education Market，Especially in early childhood education，Montessori、Waldorf、Richio and other curriculum systems develop rapidly，Affairs is broad，There is a concept of all -person education behind it。What is all -person education? What good educational ideas can be used for reference?，This reporter interviewed the founder of all -person education research、Professor John P. Miller at the University of Ontario Education, University of Toronto。

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"China Social Sciences": The book "All -person Course" published in 1988，Positioning with the "All -Person Education Review" magazine is regarded as the beginning of the field of education research。Based on this，What is the connotation of all -person education?

Miller:All -person education is to make education conform to the basic reality of nature。The nature of nature is interconnected and dynamic，We can be at the atom、Organic System、This connection is seen in the biosphere and the universe itself。Unfortunate is，Since the Industrial Revolution，The human world has always emphasized the division and standardization，The result is fragmented。This fragmentation is reflected in human damage to the ecological environment、Social division、Self -splitting，and lack of common sense of meaning。In the education system，There is also a phenomenon of fragmentation，If we divide knowledge into subjects、Unit and Course，Students usually do not see the relationship between these disciplines、A relationship between facts in a discipline、Discipline and life correlation。Naturally, it is dynamic、Interconnected，Our education system is static、fragmented。

Including the body，I define the education of the whole person as the overall education of the person，Including the body、Mind and Spirit。The goal of all -person education is to help students see the inner connection between things exist，This is a way that people live in the world to develop wisdom and empathy。Our education requires students to regard themselves as a larger part，Focus on the interconnection of all things in the universe，Ask the deepest mind and self -explanation of human beings with the development of the universe。All -person education is an educational paradigm，instead of an educational method，It includes a variety of teaching methods: conduction learning、Convertible learning and conversion learning。

conduction learning involves a one -way information flow from teachers to students，The focus is on the accumulation of factual information and basic skills。The characteristics of exchange learning are to allow students and teachers to interact more，The point is to solve problems and development cognitive skills，It is conducive to students' extensive problems。Conversion learning aims to establish an important contact between students and the themes they learned，and cultivate students' inner life by telling stories such as storytelling。I hope that educators will use these three teaching orientation as a part of overall learning，instead of the classification of various types of learning and curriculum。

　　The historical evolution of all -person education

"China Social Sciences": Please introduce the historical background of the education of the whole person and the current practical application。

Miller:All -person education is not a new thing，In different historical periods，People use different vocabulary to describe the education of the whole person。In terms of teaching and learning,，The American indigenous people have long seen how everything in the world is interconnected。Chinese Taoist doctrine thinks，Tao is a description of how the individual and all things are interconnected。Tao can help people use nature to guide life，Encourage children to observe nature、Respect nature。All person education absorbs these ideas，Opposition to use mechanized methods to live or educate，Instead, it is committed to cultivating calmness、Sincerity、Values ​​of Simple Life，and think of Shen Siming as an important aspect of self -development。

Overall，All -person education integrates humanistic thoughts and principles，Including ideas such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Heinrich Pestalozzi，and the 19th -century American pre -verifiable person。The initial vision of Waldorf Education and Montessori Education, which emerged in the 20th century，It is also practicing the educational concept of the whole person。Its founder Rudolf Steiner and Maria Montessori focusing on children's overall development，Among them, including the spiritual level。I appreciate the explanation of the universe in the Montessori school，It helps students regard themselves as part of the universe。

All -person education is a quite new concept，In the mid -1980s, a recognized research and practical field began in North America。Its emergence was to the worldview of the mainstream education at that time (usually called "mechanical theory" or "Descartes -Newton" worldview and "fragmentation of education、Simplified ") a challenge。Today，All -person education is constantly being well known，We see the business community、Medical industry、Government、Education and other fields are increasingly adopting overall perspective。

　　All person education attaches importance to spirituality

"China Social Sciences": What do you think of the education and progress education of all -person people、Human education and other educational concepts?

Miller:Before the education of the whole person，Humanities Education、Integration education and emotional education。I am very interested in these。My first book was "Humanized Class: Teaching Model of Emotional Education" published in 1976。This book is about emotional education。Integration Education is concerned about the connection between cognition and emotion。Emotional education mainly refers to promoting the development of emotion through education。Humanist psychologist Carl Rogers and Abe Maslow have a great impact on me，Because their research is different from behavioralism and Freud psychology。They are concerned about human good and potential，This is also the psychological basis for my education for all -person education。

I think，All -person education comes from part of humanistic education and progressive education。All-person education is an education for children (Child-Connecting)，instead of education advocated by progressive education (Child-Centered) education，So，It has greater correlation with human education。The biggest difference between people education and other educational paradigms is its importance to spirituality。

　　"Journal of Social Sciences of China": How to reflect the spiritual nature of all -person education in practice?

Miller:The spirituality mentioned here is extensive、tolerance，It has nothing to do with any specific belief or creed。Psychiatric emphasizes each of us interconnected、Rely on each other。The focus of psychiatric lies in relationships。These relationships include the relationship between linear thinking and intuition、The relationship between the mind and the body、Relations between the areas of knowledge、The relationship between the individual and the community、The relationship between people and the earth, etc.。In the overall course，Students know these relationships，Learn how to use the necessary skills in the appropriate scene conversion relationship。

In the teaching scene，Psychiatric is conveyed by the teacher’s care，Including art creation、Righteous thoughts exercise、Writing diary and other specific implementation methods。I collectively referred to some courses related to cultivating the spiritual power as "Inner Life Course"。

　Three principles of education

"China Social Sciences": You have proposed three principles of all -person education，Including connection、tolerance and balance。Please explain it in detail。

Miller:The core of all -person education is to pursue the continuous growth of individuals and society。In summary，It involves connection、three principles: tolerance and balance。Specifically，Linkness refers to the connection between disciplines、Contact between school members、Contact between others and self。For example，You can integrate around the theme when studying。For personal identification of personal identity，Students can from literature、History、Art、Music and even science and other aspects，Break the discipline barrier，Unity of knowledge。

About tolerance，Poet Carl Sandburg once said，The worst word in English is "exclusion"。In the educational concept of the whole person，We hope that schools and classrooms will accept students with different races and different abilities。So，We need extensive teaching and academic strategies，As I mentioned above, the three learning methods。From the perspective of the whole person's education，Education workers should balance these three methods。Another example，In the controversy of traditionalist and progressists，Or between the advocates in the overall language learning and natural spelling，All educated people do not favor any party。opposite，They seek a tolerance framework，Recommended teachers to use multiple methods。If a teacher only focuses on one learning method，Then the development of children will be hindered。If the teacher uses three methods，Students can develop a rhythm in these learning forms，Make the classroom Bet365 lotto review vivid and interesting。

Another，Our classroom must find a balance between various learning points，If personal learning and group learning、Analysis of thinking and intuitive thinking、Content and process、Learning and evaluation。The influence of development psychologists such as Jean Piaget，Educators of educators in the early 1960s and early 1970s emphasized how students learn，An open education appears、Practical activities such as active learning and classroom learning centers。But the school at that time did not emphasize the evaluation of students，Therefore, some educators believe that it is necessary to improve the academic standards of the classroom。Today，Land to tilt to the other side。We seem to be more concerned about what the child has learned through the exam，instead of paying attention to the learning process itself。From the perspective of the whole person's education，We need to balance learning and evaluation，instead of focusing on one of them。

　　All -person education should become the focus of education reform

"China Social Sciences": What do you think of the trend of global education reform? What role does the whole person's education play in it?

Miller:I have worked in the education industry for more than 50 years，I see people's interest in the education of the whole person is getting greater。In many countries，People are increasingly valued by children's well -being and their mental health，This also increases people's interest in the education of the whole person。The goals of all -person education include happiness、Wisdom、Sameness、Development of mission and other basic skills。Successful education can create an environment that allows children to thrive，Make it a complete person who contribute to society and the earth's health。

In recent years，Finnish education has attracted much attention，Its system includes the concept of progressive education and whole -person education，It can be said that it is the closest to the ideal of the whole person's education。But，Even if there are so many propaganda，Few countries really emulate bet365 Play online games the Finnish mode，Change the education system for a long way to go。

​​At present，Few countries regard the education of the whole person as the focus of education reform，But I think，It is important to do a good job in the education reform of the whole person。We need more love、Teachers who have the same mind and enthusiasm for education join all person education。It is not difficult to do this，I believe that love and empathy are human nature，As long as there are suitable conditions，They will naturally produce。