Over the past 20 years，How Australians’ lives have changed？Their family life、How has the health status changed？December 2021，Australian Family administered by the University of Melbourne、The HILDA Survey project released a latest report，Summary and review of the investigation of this project bet365 bonus code 2023 2001 to 2020，Analyze the changing trends of Australian society。Days ago，Professor, Institute of Applied Economics and Society, University of Melbourne、Roger Wilkins, deputy director of the HILDA survey project, published an article on the official website of the University of Melbourne，Commented on this report。

　　The improvement of bet365 bonus code 2023 has stagnated

As the only national survey tracking Australians over the life course，HILDA conducts follow-up interviews with more than 17,000 Australians each year，Provides a unique window into the changing social and economic environment in Australia。Wilkins said，This survey helps to understand the trajectory of people’s choices，Analysis of the changes taking place and the driving factors behind them。Overall，Survey shows，Australian society has been relatively stable and functioning well over the past 20 bet365 bonus code 2023，Lower levels of poverty and economic stress，Social mentality is becoming more tolerant。However，Wilkins emphasizes，In the first decade of the 21st century，Due to abundant resources，Australians’ income has increased significantly；But the next 10 bet365 bonus code 2023，The improvement of Australians’ living standards has stalled，This is partly due to the policy level，If there is insufficient investment in infrastructure construction、Delay in tax reform, etc.。

Investigation shows，Australia’s Gini coefficient has been stable at 0 since 2001.29—0.31，Income inequality levels have been relatively stable over the past 20 years。In terms of disposable income，The average disposable income of Australian households increased by 28% between 2001 and 2009，But it only grew by 6% in the next 10 years。As real estate prices continue to rise，Stagnation in average household disposable income increases concerns about housing affordability。HILDA data display，Homeowners’ real debt levels more than doubled bet365 bonus code 2023 2001 to 2019。

bet365 bonus code 2023 health risks

The survey report covers a variety of issues，People’s physical and mental health is also one of them。Report Display，Over the past 20 years，Australian smoking rate decreases，But the obesity rate is increasing，The movement status has not changed much。Since 2001，The proportion of daily smokers in Australia has dropped bet365 bonus code 2023 19% to 11% now。There are other signs，People are also drinking less frequently。But，The proportion of obese people has increased bet365 bonus code 2023 54% in 2006 to 59%。In addition，In the past 20 years，There is no significant change in how often people exercise。

At the same time，HILDA investigation also shows，Australians are increasingly vulnerable to psychological problems。2007-2019，Percentage of adults at high or very high risk for psychological distress surged by about 30%。Among them，Women are especially vulnerable to it。Percentage of women at high or very high risk for psychological distress bet365 bonus code 2023 17.7% increased to 23%，The proportion of males increased bet365 bonus code 2023 15% to 19.4%。

　　The protection of bet365 bonus code 2023’s rights still needs to be strengthened

Wilkins said，Over the past 20 years，One of the significant changes in Australian life is the increase in the number of working mothers。2001，About 60% of households raising children have both parents working，This proportion has now increased to 71%。Percentage of families using preschool child care increased bet365 bonus code 2023 28% to 53%，This also reflects the increase in time mothers spend in paid work。The proportion of working women has increased bet365 bonus code 2023 53% in 2001 to 60% now，But women still have fewer hours of paid work per week than men，And the salary is lower。HILDA data display，Calculated by hourly rate，Gender pay gap bet365 bonus code 2023 2001 to 2019 bet365 bonus code 2023 8.6% expanded to 9.4%。

What needs to be noted is，Even if women work outside the home，They still engage in more unpaid household labor。Within the family，Women still have to take on housework、A lot of work including childcare，such as child support，Women do 21 more hours of unpaid work per week than men。This number is significantly reduced bet365 bonus code 2023 29 hours in 2002，The reason for the decrease lies in two aspects，First, the proportion of men doing housework has increased slightly，Second, child care services are more widely used。

　　Young bet365 bonus code 2023 delay independence

Wilkins said，As seen bet365 bonus code 2023 the HILDA survey，Another important social change in Australia in the past 20 years is the increase in the population with university degrees。2001，About 27% of Australians aged 25-34 have a university degree，This proportion has now increased to nearly 40%。

This also shows that improving academic qualifications may be one of the reasons why young Australians delay independence。Young Australians are living with their parents longer，About half of Australians aged 18-29 are not yet independent，In 2001, this proportion was 41%。First year in the job market after full-time education，The proportion of young Australians holding full-time jobs has dropped bet365 bonus code 2023 52% in 2001 to 45% now。Wilkins said，The economic impact of the epidemic will have a greater impact on the independence of young people，Besides the difficulty of finding a job，House prices also look more out of reach。

At the same time，Australians are working longer。Early 21st century，The average retirement age for Australian men is 62 years old，Now aged 67；The retirement age for women increases bet365 bonus code 2023 61 to 65 years old。

Wilkins said，bet365 bonus code 2023 investigation continues，It will provide important information on how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people’s lives，Help us understand what kind of policy changes the epidemic may prompt。