Critical Race Theory has been controversial since its birth，Both have been questioned and criticized at the academic and political level。From May 2021 to the present，7 states in the United States have issued legal or prefecture -level policies that prohibit school professors from critical racial theory，Another 16 states are discussing similar bills or policies。In recent years，"Black's life is also fate" movement is in full swing。In this background，Campus ban on critical racial theory aroused a new round of fierce debate，Make this theory a "New Battlefield of the American Culture War"。

February each year is the "Black History Month" of the United States，It aims to praise the achievements of African Americans in history，Let Americans of different ethnic backgrounds understand the experience of African Americans and their contributions to the United States。Since February this year，Surrounding a new round of critical racial theory controversy，A large number of discussions in the American media and academic circles，Let people know more about the connotation of this theory、Origin、Development and influence。

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Critical race theory is a kind of thought and social movement，It is also a legal analysis framework。It has two basic principles: race is a social construction，is the category of "invention" of culture，It is used to compress and exploit non -white people; racism is the inherent illness in the US legal system and provisions，Because they created and maintained a society between white and non -white people、Politics、Economic inequality。Representatives of critical race theory include Kimberll é CrenShaw，American lawyer、Legalist Derrick Bell，Richard Delgado, a professor of law at the University of Alabama at the University of Alabama，Professor Mari J. Matsuda at the University of Hawaii at the University of Hawaii，Patricia J. Williams, Patricia J. Williams at the University of Columbia University in the United States。

Critical race theory officially appeared in 1989。This year，Kluncia and Nel Gotanda, a retired bet365 Play online games professor at Law Retirement professor at the School of Legislative College of Western State State State State State State State, held the "Critical Race theory Workshop" at the University of Wisconsin, USA，For the first time, the "critical racial theory" is used to show that their research is located in "Critical Theory and Race、Cross points for racism and law "。In the same year，Kluncos also proposed "cross"。It refers to race、Gender、Classes and other social categories are interrelated，It caused overlapping to individuals or groups、Systemic discrimination or disadvantage of interdependent。"You can see where the power comes from through the cross -lens，Where can I collide、mutual lock、intersection。"Caren Sha said。

but but，The origin of critical race theory can be traced back to the earlier time，Its direct "predecessor" is a critical law that risen in the United States in the 1970s，Critical law originated from the American realism law of the United States in the 1920s and 1930s。Critical Law thinking，The law is not political neutral and value，Instead of serving the rich and power class，Make the poor and marginal groups in an unfavorable position。Like critical law，Critical racial theory Agreement Law solidify existing level system、Excessive inequality。But the critical race theory thinks，Critical Law does not criticize the special characteristics of "race"。

　　Criticism and re -thinking

From the perspective of Caren Shaw，Critical race theory is an observation、How to deal with and explain，How to track and analyze how the ethnic concept is generated、How racial inequality is encouraged and how American history has created these unequal，so that racial inequality can be continued almost effortlessly，Unless people intervene。Delgado and Jean Stefancic, a professor of law at the University of Alabama, referred to the critical race theoretical movement as "research and change race、A collection of actives and scholars who are interested in relationships between racism and power "。

1993，Delgado and Steidgey summarize several common topics of critical race theory in the article "Critical Race theory: Reference Book with Notes"。First，criticism of liberalism。Most critical racial theoretical scholars are dissatisfied with the method of using bet365 Play online games liberalism as a solution to American racial problems。This dissatisfaction sometimes implies in the structure or focus of the article，Sometimes more direct -based on a pillar of liberal law as a critical object，If affirmative action、Neutrality、Different skin color differences、Principles of Getting and Establishing Examples。

2，Story tells or anti -stories (also known as anti -narrative) and "Name for your own reality"。Many critical racial theoretical scholars believe，One of the main obstacles to racial reform is the "mentality of mostism"，That is, a large number of superior groups will assume a lot of assumptions、recognized wisdom、Common cultural understanding is substituted into discussion on racial issues。Some critical racial theoretical scholars use anti -stories to tell、Fable、Anecdotes, etc.，to reveal these cruelty and self -service of these concepts full of power。Anti -story tells the story of enlarging the disadvantaged group、experience and truth，Analysis and challenging the narrative of the privilege。

third，Reinterpretation of the progress of the U.S. Civil Right。A problem that critical racial theorists have always cared about is，Why does the anti -discrimination method fail to effectively correct racial inequality、Why the ethnic equal rights movement presents a periodic -sometimes forward and backward。Some critical racial theorists in racial psychology、Searching for answers in other fields such as colonialism and anti -colonial politics。

Fourth，A deeper understanding of race and racialist foundation。Many critical racial theorists have tried to apply social science's insight into racial and racism to legal issues。For example，Understand the promotion or inhibitory effect of discrimination against different environments，It helps to judge the "alternative dispute solution" to the weaker power in the dispute is help or harm。

Fifth，Structure Decision Theory。Many critical racial theorists focus on legal ideas or cultural structures on critical racial theoretical content，But the result of this effect is often maintained the status quo。Once you understand these constraints，People may be able to carry out reforms in race and other aspects more effectively。

bet365 live casino games Sixth，race、Gender、Class and its intersection。Specific research questions in this area include the disadvantage of whether the race and the class are independent，The interests of African women are fully reflected in whether the interests of African women are fully reflected in the liberation movement of contemporary women。

Seventh，Essentialism and anti -essentialism。Scholars who explore this problem are concerned about what is the appropriate analysis unit: African -American population constitutes one or multiple groups? Is the interests and demand of African Americans in different income stratums the same?

Eighth，Cultural nationalism or separationism。A emerging genre inside the theory of critical race believes，The best way for non -white people to enhance their own interests is to separate from the mainstream culture of the United States，Keep diversity and independence，Both the white and non -white people。

Ninth，Legal system、Critical teaching and a few groups in the Lawyer Association。Representative issues of minority groups in law schools and lawyers' associations，It is a long -term concern for female scholars and non -white scholars。In recent years，Many scholars start to find new ways to study this problem，One of them is critical teaching。Critical teaching is a kind of educational philosophy and social movement，It will apply critical theory and related concepts to education and cultural research，Emphasizing that education and learning are not insulation with politics and power，Instead, it may promote or hinder social justice and democracy。

Tenth，Criticism of critical racial theory outside the outside world、Self -criticism of critical racial theory and response to these criticisms。

　　Fear gives birth to the theoretical attack

During this time from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century，A group of law schools in the United States have set up critical racial theoretical courses，This theory is also introduced to Canada、Britain and Australia。While the influence is expanding，Critical race theory has also been constantly questioned and opposed。September 2020，The then US President Trump requested in a memo，Federal government administrative department stops using tax revenue to fund any critical racial theory、Bet365 app download Government employee training activities with the concept of "splitting" such as white privileges。June 2021，Trump published an article appeal，Legislative prohibition of tax revenue from all states in the United States is prohibited from flowing to school districts or workplace where any professor critical racial theory is flowing，Because the theory is "extreme、Twisted、Toxic、Anti -United States "" almost psychological abuse "，It instills "the United States is a systematic evil country to young people，People’s hearts are full of hatred and malicious "thoughts。Trump's attitude and approach injected a "strong heart agent" for the opponents of critical race theory，The attack on this theory is very loud for a while，Its core point is that critical race theory has degraded white people into "wicked people"，Inciting splitting，Threats the country's unity and unity。

Some scholars point out，Criticism of critical race theory often stems from the wrong understanding and improper politicalization of the theory。Jonathan Chismm, an assistant professor at the Historical University of Houston, said: "Now the efforts of any anti -racism are labeled with critical racial theory。Many people who criticize critical race theories have not read and studied this theory，Their remarks are largely based on fear -for losing power、Influence、fear of privileges，The root of all this is that they want to deny that about the United States、The truth about racism。”

Patrina Duhaney, Assistant Professor of Social Work Assistant at Calgary, Canada, said，Critical race theory becomes an object of violent attack，It is because it is very bold to disintegrate the imbalance and compression system of power。Although the research content of critical racial theory surpasses racism in individual or interpersonal communication，But a large number of related discussions focused on the theory's review of Western leading ideology and the impact on white people。European centralism as a superior race，Give white dominance position，and use this as a general understanding of the human world。So，Any things that challenge the "standard" of white people will cause discomfort and resistance of many white people，Their defense may be mixed with Bet365 app download shame、Faith Burning、anxiety、Fear、Angry、Confusion、Repentance、Sadness and other emotions。

British reporter、Writer Reni Eddo-Lodge wrote in the best-selling book "Why am I no longer talking to white people"，"From the perspective of power，White people never need to think about what a white man means，As long as someone reminds them of this fact，They interpret it as an insult "。Some Western intellectual molecules use different expressions to describe how white people maintain and re -create white privileges、racism and white supremacy，and impose it to non -white people。American writer、Critical discourse analysis and White researchers Robin Diangelo (Robin Diangelo) in "White Man: Why is it difficult for white people to talk about racism"，North Whitening lives in a "race protection" environment，isolated from racial pressure。This social environment has created their expectations of race comfort，also reduced their ability to endure racial pressure。The minimum racial pressure will become unbearable，Treating a series of defensive actions，Including anger、Fear、How to reveal the emotions such as guilt、Silent、Situations that generate pressure to leave。

Carol Anderson, a professor of African -American Research Professor of African American Research at the University of Emuri University, analyzed American history in the book "White's Angry: Unexpected Truth of American Race Sex"，Whenever African Americans get social power，It will encounter the huge anger and resentment of white people。Duhani told this reporter，Power and advantages owned by white people，Many of them faded the possibility of contributing to ethnic equality; in the face of "insults" such as critical race theory，Some people hold the myth of "reverse racism" in the myth，Others resort to revenge or violence。American writer、News commentator Anthony Kapel Jones (Anthony Kapel Jones) referred to a similar phenomenon as "white (white) whip" (whitlash)。

Duhani thinks，Discussion and controversy of critical race theory occur mostly in the United States，But the theory is also important for Canada。In Canada，The severity of racism may be lower than the United States，But Canada has also had violent colonial history，The exploitation bet365 best casino games and discrimination of the aboriginal and ethnic minorities have not disappeared。Sometimes，White supremacy is hidden in the "outerwear" that seemed to be justice, such as freedom，Canadian society is vigilant for this，No accountability mechanism。For the change advocated by the theory of critical race，People should firmly belief，Consciously breaks racist compression power structure that hinders social justice and equality。Like Delgado and Steidginci's book "Critical Race theory: Frontier"，"Our society and the rules in it、Practice、Reputation and power distribution is not fixed，Instead of language、Story and Silent Construction。but，We do not need to be passively accepting unfairness、Arrangement towards one side。We can use words and discourse to oppose them，Build a better、More fair world "。