中国共产党二十大报告提出，From now on，The central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead people of all ethnic groups in the country to comprehensively build a socialist modern power country、Realize the second century -old struggle target，Modernization of Chinese -style modernization comprehensively promotes the great revival of the Chinese nation。Chinese -style modernization is not only a major issue in the study of domestic academic circles，It has also become a research hotspot that many foreign scholars pay attention to。

Chinese -style modernization is the result of the long -term practice of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people，Not only a great and arduous cause，更是科学社会主义的最新重大成果。对于中国式现代化这个重大理论创新，Many foreign scholars have discussed in their own professional field，and made a rational and in -depth interpretation，Strive to understand Chinese -style modernization and China today。A few days ago，Karl Grth, a professor at the History Department of the University of California, San Diego, was interviewed by our reporter，介绍了他对中国式现代化的学术理解，and his research progress of the relationship between industrialization and consumption in the process of modernization。

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　　《中国社会科学报》：总体而言，您如何认识和看待中国的现代化历程？

Ge Kai: I think，The speed Bet365 lotto review and scale of the Chinese and Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China are rare。After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949，In just decades，China quickly realizes industrialization，Per capita life span has doubled。The research on the history of the West on the history of New China records the high cost of modernization in China，But rarely discuss China's modernization of high income。

Some historians tend to pay attention to the success of its research objects，但大多数历史学家都努力保持立场平衡，甚至对自己的研究对象持批判态度。Western historians often choose to focus on the cost of rapid modernization in China，Discuss China's policy errors and social costs caused by these mistakes。Of course，Insufficient analysis policy is important，People can learn lessons from criticism，But I prefer to focus on the research on the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people to decide quickly、The reason for comprehensive reform and paying a huge price at the expense。

Simply speaking，I don't think that when the founding of New China can have a lot of comprehensive choices。The conclusion of Chinese leaders and the Chinese people is，Modernization must be started immediately，Otherwise，China may continue to submit to imperialist forces，The time for the Chinese people to be poverty will be longer。This is the necessity of continuous competition with global capitalist forces led by the United States，helps explain the modernization process of China from 1949 to the present。Many Western scholars pay attention to the differences between the political system of China and the West，I focus on government leaders in modernization of China。This is a key aspect of China's modernization，It is also the core part of the tension between China and capitalist countries，These countries hope to Bet365 app download obtain unlimited access to Chinese economy and consumers。

　Study Chinese -style modernization from the perspective of industrialization and consumption

"China Social Sciences": Can you introduce your specific path to study Chinese -style modernization?

Ge Kai: Traditional modern research takes political and industrial production as the focus，My research is centered on consumerism。Compared to identity、race and clan、Gender、Class and other aspects，Consumerism is undervalued in people's understanding of the modern world (not just China)。Generally speaking，There are three parts of the "consumerism" I talk about: first，Large -scale production products; second，Large -scale circulation of products related to large -scale production; third，Large -scale production products and the significance related to them are increasingly used to express the institutionalized identity of the level。These three parts are combined to form a consumer culture。Since industrial consumption is another side of industrial production，I also call this culture as "industrial consumerism" or "mass consumerism"。

Early early establishment of New China，China has just recovered from long -term war，The country and the people are still poverty and weak，Basically there is no large -scale production or large -scale consumption。But with China began to produce on a large scale，Injecting blood into industrial consumerism，The situation changes quickly。For example，1956，With the support of the Shanghai Light Industry Bureau，The first batch of Shanghai watchmakers set up a watch factories preparation office; 1958，Shanghai Watch Factory launched the first self -made mass -produced watch。According to Chinese media reports，On the day of trial sales，The store just opened the door，100 watches were snapped up for a while，The number bet365 Play online games of customers registered for pre -order exceeds 1,000 people in the morning。Shanghai brand watch becomes a tight product for Chinese consumers for a while，More popular than any Soviet brand watch。For the Chinese of that era，Wearing a Shanghai brand watch can not only show your fashion taste，It is a symbol of identity and status。Communicate new identity information with a specific brand of products，This is part of consumerism，China is similar to the countries in the process of industrialization in China。

Of course，China ’s consumerism is different from consumerism in developed countries。As an industrialized "post -hair"，The Chinese government recognizes that the rapid realization of industrialization cannot rely only on market and private capital，Instead, you need to get rid of the relatively backward situation as soon as possible through the industrialization led by the country。The government must set priority tasks，instead of allocating scarce resources by the market，This dominant role of the government has profoundly extended to the development of Chinese consumerism。Of course，Other countries including the United States also use government management consumerism，But in China，The government has a broader role、Deeper、stronger，It is also more eye -catching。

　　Provide examples for the government's strong coordination of production and consumption

"China Social Sciences": Do you think，What is the difference between the modernization of China and other countries?

Ge Kai: In my opinion，There are more similar points between China and other industrialized "post -hairmen" than different points。China is often regarded as a model for the government to successfully lead modernization，It is the hope of resolution of other developing countries。Actually，China also provides the government's strong coordination of examples of production and consumption。Bet365 app download I noticed，Consumerism is often a "after -after idea" of modern research。The academic community has always thought，Any product produced will be automatically consumed，The demand for the product is unlimited。until the last decades，The study of modernization examines how people "learn" more and more things，In this process，They also need to give more time and energy to get these things。Brief words，If there is no consumerism，There will be no industrialization; vice versa。This relationship is still difficult to see in the early days of the founding of New China，But since the 1980s，This relationship becomes very obvious。

I mentioned it just now，The prominent feature of the modernization of New China is that the government has played a core role。Comparison of comparison，One of the less attention is that the Chinese government not only determines what the country is prioritized，It also determines what nationals are prioritized。I use "national consumerism" to describe the situation of this government involved in the three aspects of consumerism at the same time: what to produce、Who gets the products produced; the concepts related to these products; how to define people’s identity。People start using products from specific brands to show who they are -rich farmers、Influential officials、Successful business managers、Intellectuals、City residents, etc.。New China in "Young"，Families in each city have an experience that is eager to own and finds a way to buy the "three major pieces"。Take watch as an example，In the late 1960s，Local brand、National Brand、The complex social level structure of the international brand has appeared。

Of course，Early establishment in New China，The government is more committed to maximizing the labor output of the people、To minimize consumer desire。Even at this stage，Bet365 lotto review Government sometimes needs citizens to increase consumption。For example，The 2050s，Soviet clothing was introduced to China, it became the fashionable dress of Chinese people。After the realization of industrialization，Encouraging consumption is a way to drive people with material rewards to be more hard -working。But what is worthy of vigilance is，Unlimited or will accompany industrialization，For example, in industrial capitalist countries，City residents、Workers、Mind workers become the "winner" of industrialization，Farmers、Women、Performance workers fall into disadvantages。Because of this，The Chinese government introduced a policy designed to solve social inequality。

　　Commonly dealing with the problem of industrialization and sustainable development

"Journal of Social Sciences of China": What do you think of the relationship between modernization and sustainable development?

Ge Kai: There is a profound existence between fast industrialization and sustainable development、Long -term conflict。Like other responsible countries，China is trying to resolve this conflict。but，This is a "problem"，Requires China or any other developing countries to be rapidly modernized while not generating environmental costs，Is completely unfair。My point is，The contradiction between industrialization and sustainable development cannot be resolved by a separate country，It is even more impossible to solve it by developing countries，Instead, you need to deal with it globally。

"China Social Sciences": How do you understand the relationship between Chinese -style modernization and new form of human civilization?

Ge Kai: I want to，The best model in China to show the world may be the willingness of the Chinese people to learn from others。Chinese people want to understand how other countries view China，I also hope to provide reference to other countries。This is very different bet365 live casino games from Americans，美国人很少在意他人怎么看自己，They always look at themselves and their motives from the front，Ignoring critical opinions。My entire career is studying China，And the Chinese want to know the views of foreigners。For this，I feel fortunate。Perhaps，This is one of the reasons I have been trying to understand the United States through the perspective of Chinese people。