The development and change of English literature in Southeast Asia
June 30, 2023 09:03 Source: "China Social Sciences" June 30, 2023 Issue 2681 Author: Wu Yong

For a century,Southeast Asia has always been active Chinese writers who write literary works in English。These writers' works formed a unique humanistic landscape,They frequently won various literary awards,Attention to the world。They observe society from a unique perspective,Beyond the inherent discrete writing,Cross the country、Life experience of race,Deep thinking about Chinese and Western culture,Seeking the integration of Chinese and Western vision,Write the "National Chronicle" of an overseas Chinese。Through their work,Readers can understand the living conditions of Chinese people in Southeast Asia from the side,There is both home national conditions,I also feel about the country; both nostalgia,Cultural thinking。

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The origin of Chinese English literature in Southeast Asia can be traced back to the late 19th century and early 20th century,Failing on the Malaysian Peninsula。Unique geographical location of the Malay Peninsula,Make it the intersection of Eastern and Western culture。With the spread of English in Southeast Asia, English expands,More and more Chinese are starting to write in English。1927,Well -known educator in Singapore、Politicians and writer Lin Wenqing (Lim Boon Keng) published the first Chinese English novel "Sadness of Eastern Life" in the history of the Malay Peninsula ( (The Tragedies of Eastern Life)。From the perspective of content,This novel not only records the customs of the Malaysian Peninsula,and reflect the author's admiration for Singapore、Agree with Western culture "Angry for no dispute,Sorrowful of its unfortunate ",It is also a search for the journey of wandering journey in the original hometown and other hometown。

This period,Southeast Asian Chinese English Literature Creation is deeply influenced by Western literature,Writers feel at the "edge of the East and the West",Not exactly belongs to the East,Not entirely belongs to the West,The work shows a bet365 Play online games strong emotion that wants to fall into the roots。This pain、The root cause of the condition of flowing out of the discharge,Usually a series of policies that discriminate against Chinese people formulated by the British colonial government and the local government。So,The writer performed not only the discrete consciousness far from the homeland,anxiety and distress of cultural break,There is also hegemonism、The roar of imperialism and post -colonialism。As the Mahua poet Lu Yutao said: "Home,is a space unit organized in spirit and material,To meet the basic creatures and social needs of human beings,other,There are noble aesthetics -political desire and moral significance。”

Wang Yanwu's "pulse" (pulse) It is considered to be the first formal personal English poem collection in Southeast Asia。Although the content is concerned about the husband in the traditional Chinese family、The relationship between his wife and son,But it reflects the tranquility of social culture and psychology at that time,Emperor anti -emperor vaguely、Anti -colonial shout。Malaysian writer Lee Kok Liang's "Big Dream" (It ’s all in a dream) Awakening through a person's national consciousness,Reflected the collective nostalgia of a generation。It can be said,The ultimate way to connect the scattered person with the home is emotional,Is an inherent attachment。

  Development period: Finding and Homeland

Heidegger thinks,The place where the lives live with philosophy will unify natural and the human world,Strictly speaking,The real "existence" is the existence rooted in the place。Home usually acts as a metaphor for "places",It is also a model of "local",People will have the feeling of emotional attachment and root here,Compared to any other place,Home is considered to be the center of meaning、Value source and viewing field。

The 1950s and 1960s,Chinese English literary works reflect the social and political environment at that time,It also reflects personal experience and literary pursuit。This period,Many Chinese writers are immigrants or second -generation immigrants,They will explore their immigration experience bet365 live casino games in their works、The impact of colonial rule on the Chinese community,How Chinese people contribute to the cause of anti -colonialism,I will also think about how to adhere to my own cultural tradition,At the same time, it is integrated with local culture。With the deepening of political change,Chinese writers pay more attention to social reality,Including social injustice、Division of rich and poor、Political corruption and other problems,Some works began to reflect human and emotional problems,Discuss the inner emotions of human beings、Desire and fear, etc.。In terms of literary style,Writers will use symbolism、Skills such as consciousness flow to express your own thoughts and emotions,Try to abandon traditional literary concepts and styles。Language expression is more diversified,You can see Malay in the work、Indonesian、Chinese Local Dialects and other language mixed phenomena,This also reflects the transformation of the Chinese identity。

Huang PHUI NAM (Wong PHUI NAM) in "Where to Far Mountain" (How The Hills Are Distant): "They are an era、People in a place,They find that they have to rely on their own tradition,Life without traditional institutions and customs,They have to absorb their language and habits。"The most influential poet, Arthur Yap in this period, not only express emotions in poetry,Also use a large number of local languages,Singapore English,Let the readers appreciate the strong local colors and delicate emotions and deep artistic conceptions。

,Singapore English novelist Goh Poh Seng (if we dream too far "、Felix Cheong "Woman in the Last Marriage" (The Woman in the Last Marriage)、Lee Tzu Penng "Sinking Scenery" (Prospect of a Drowning)、Stella Kon (Dragon Dragon Gate "(Dragon’Teeth Gate) and other works,All show the alienation of Chinese writers for their own culture。Catherine Lims and Suchen Christine Lims and others revolved around the relationship between people、The difference between traditional and modern、The collision between Eastern Value and Western Culture,It reflects the "rootless" state of Chinese writers,Looking forward to awakening people's Bet365 app download roots and regression of Chinese culture。

to the 1970s and 1980s,With the society of Southeast Asian countries、The economic and cultural environment is constantly changing,Chinese English literature in Southeast Asia has also entered a new stage,The quantity and type of works have been significantly increased,The theme and style of the work also began to diversify,Not only involves family and personal life,I also explored history、Politics and culture, wider themes,Reflects the diverse appearance of Chinese society in Southeast Asian,A profound cultural and social impact produced。

A number of important writers appeared during this period,They show their style in the international literary world,Cause attention。Malaysia American female writer, a Pioneer of Asian female literature, "Moon White Face: A Memoirs of Asian Americans" ( "of" Moon White Face "(Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homelands) Record the journey of her life migration,From Malacca in Malaysia (West) to Kuala Lumpur,Then go to Boston in the United States、Brooklyn, etc.。The text also describes before leaving home,Because of political reasons,She has suffered physiological and psychological torture; after leaving home,She has opened a journey of finding a family -finding family;,She examines the people in her home、Things、object,Facing the sadness of homelessness; when returning home,,The knot of her life with her life is gradually solved。At each stage,Lin Yuling has different emotions for homeland。

Kuo Pao Kun (Descendants of the Enmuch Admiral) tells the story of Zheng He's seven times in the Ming Dynasty,Throughout the experience of staying away from his homeland, exploring how to find a sense of belonging in wandering。David Leo (David Leo) shows the differences between the older generation of immigrants and the new generation of Chinese in the poetry,But under the guidance of my father,Son and father adhere to traditional culture,The roots of the ethnic group are still connected。

  Prosperity period: Heavy root and confidence

Since the 1990s,Newcomers of Chinese English Literature in Southeast Asia,Including Beth Yahp、Ou Daxu (Tash bet365 Play online games AW)、Chen Twan English、Chiew-siah TEI。First,As a native of Southeast Asian Chinese writers,They are mostly discrete writers with "travel transnational",Frequent travel to and from other countrys and hometown。Next,In addition to the memory of the elders of the family,They also attach to the homeland and hometown。This thick local complex,constitutes a new collective memory of Chinese Chinese in Southeast Asia。Last,They regard themselves and China as a community of destiny,In addition to the emotions recognized by the country,It also includes the same feeling of suffering in the past。Whether it is individual or collective,The discrete history and survival reality they face,All with Chinese native rest and common。

Chinese writer Ou Daxu, Malaysia, migrated to the UK,It shows strong dissatisfaction with the history and reality of Malaysia in European and American writers,Think that it is full of cultural prejudice。​​He started thinking about his identity positioning,Record the intricate ethnic relationship and language differences of Chinese people,He said the alienation of people and families、In unspeakable pain in life,and different generations、Gender、Hungou between people in culture,Existing a brocade painting with civilized identity,with a view to reaching a gentle reconciliation in the diverse world。

Ou Daxu's "The Mystery of Silk" (The Harmony Silk Factory), "Unsable World Map" (Map of the Invisible World), "Five Star Giants" (Five Star Billionaire) and other works,With Malaysia as the background,By describing characters from different social classes and their life experience,In history、Culture and racial issues,I have proposed profound insight。The work is due to delicate emotional description and unique narrative style,Get the best book of the year in the New York Public Library、US National Book Award, etc.。where,"The Mystery of Silk" won the Whit Blade Award,Ou Daxu also became the first Malaysian writer to get the award。

Two novels of Chinese writer Chen Tuanying, Malaysian Chinese writer moved to South Africa,The background is set in the Japanese invasion of the Japanese army in Bet365 app download World War II。"Xiwu Garden" (​​The Garden of Evening MISTS),Discussion War、race、The relationship between culture and memory。Memory and puzzle is the two major motivations of the novel,The writer uses a multi -level narrative method,shows the humble and complicated humanity,It also makes people remember the darkest moment of the Malaysian Peninsula China under the rule of the Japanese army。"Everyone is an era",In a group of collective memory,Reflecting time situation disturbance and destiny direction。The novel has won the 6th Instant Manman Asian Literature Award and Walter Sagt History Fiction Award,Chen Tuanying also became the first Malaysian writer to get the highest honor of Asian literature。

Chinese writer Zheng Qiuxia, Malaysian writer moved to the UK (Little Hut of Leaping Fishes) The theme of China,The book is full of Chinese elements。The novel takes the late Qing Dynasty as the background,The protagonist family has changed from prosperity due to the flood of opium,The life of the protagonist also changed due to the impact of European and American culture。The writer creates a strong place with gorgeous and beautiful descriptive text,Highlight the changes in the modern world。The novel was shortlisted for the 2007 Man's Asian Literature Award。

,The writer of this period began to explore new themes,Follow Technology、Life and Environment。Singapore Chinese writer Neon Yang's science fiction novel "The Black Tides of Heaven" was shortlisted for the 2017 Nebula Award Best Novel、2018 Hugo Award Best Novel、2018 World Science Fiction Awards Best Novel,and being rated by Time magazine as one of the 100 best science fiction events in history。Malaysian Chinese female writer who moved to the UK Cao Weiqian with "Crown Witcher" (Sorcerr to the Crown) Won the Best Newcomer Award for British Science Fiction Literature,"If it starts unsuccessful,Try multiple times "(if at first you do n’t succeed,TRY,Try Again) won the 2019 Hugo Fruit Award for Best and Short Short Story Award。The novel tells a python to rise to Chenglong,Failure and the story of a human girl live together。These works pay more attention to the expression of "Chinese nature" in science fiction Bet365 lotto review novels,Show the unique China imagination of the universe and the future。

Chinese English literature in Southeast Asia has experienced continuous evolution and development in a century。With the rapid development of the economy and culture in Southeast Asia,We can clearly feel,Chinese English literature is more concerned about cross -cultural exchange,Try to tolerate various cultures and thoughts wider extensively,To better reflect reality and explore the future。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund general project "Southeast Asian Chinese English writer Disposter Writing and Chinese Memory Research" (20BWW021) phase results)

(Author Unit: Ministry of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Music)

Editor in charge: Changchang
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