In the territory of global knowledge production and academic publishing，Academic journals as an important media for the release and dissemination of research results，Scholar、Scientific Research Assessment Agency、Funding agency、Policy makers and other parties attach great importance to all parties; and the impact factors of the journal are often considered the quality of the journal，and even the scientific research level and productivity of the author of the journal articles。In the past ten years，A phenomenon of "plunder publishing" in the field of academic journals in the world，Become a hot topic in the academic world。plundering publishing is a charging to the author，But basically do not check the quality of the article、Commercially publishing mode without editing and publishing services，It has exploitation，Reflects the inequality of global knowledge production and academic publication dominated by Western countries。A few days ago，The reporter's definition of plunder publishing、Formation cause、Solution such as ways，and these issues reflected the problems in the production and dissemination of the global knowledge，Interviewed about foreign scholars。

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The concept of "plunder publishing" is academic librarian of the University of Colorado, Denver, the University of Colorado、Associate professor Jeffrey Beall was officially proposed。Introduction in an article published in 2013，Since 2009，He began to receive an email invited by a publishing house that has never been heard。Email name，Pay a fee to these journals and pass the peer review，His article will be published。Bill also noticed，The websites of these publishing houses are not professional，There are even many grammar and spelling errors。2010，Bill created the word "predatory publishing house"，and released the first list of "plunder" publishing houses on personal blogs。Use "plundering" to describe these publishers because of，Their mission is not promoting、Save academic results and make it available，Instead, the open access mode is used to make a profit for yourself。

2012，Bill renames personal blog，and formulated "List of Potential Play Publishing House and Plording Journal"，The famous "Bill List"。In the same year，Bill published an article in "Nature" magazine, "Pulling Press is Corrossed and Open Access"，Plording Press dishonent、opaque，Use the author's paid open access mode to deceive scientific researchers，Especially scientific researchers who lack academic communication experience，Public publishing quality and even inferior journal。Plording Press and its journals often sound high -level、Formally name，But does not fulfill the screening and review duties of traditional academic publishing; as long as the author is willing to pay fees，Plundal Journal is willing to receive almost all contributions。

The characteristics of the plunder journal listed on the "plunder report" include: quickly receiving Bet365 app download submission，Pass review or quality control is completely missing or minimal; after receiving the submission, the author notify the author to pay the processing fee; actively mobilize scholars to submit or serve as a member of the editorial board; Editorial Member，and not allowed to resign from this position; appointed fake scholars as members of the editorial board; issued a misleading statement on publishing business; inappropriate use of the International Standard Performance (ISSN);。

2017，Bill closed personal blog and removed the "Bill list"，The reason is "the employer exerts huge pressure on it"，Dan -University University spokesman said "this is Bill's personal decision"。Current，"Bill List" can still be seen on the Internet，There are also other institutions released a similar list。Except "Deferring Report"，American academic publishing service company Cabell provided paid journal database，Subscribers can inquire about academic journals "Whitening" and "Blacklist"，and submission requirements and other information; since 2021，Norwegian Science Journal、Series and Publishing House list added "X -level" classification，That is, the official uncertainty for the time being recognized。

Some scholars proposed，"Bill List" standard is too subjective and the formulation process is opaque。Comparison of comparison，Cabel's "blacklist" is more transparent -to evaluate each journal with 78 definitions clear quality index，and explain that each suspicious journal violates the operation and degree of good publishing practice。but but，The main defect of the "Carbir List" is the expensive subscription fee，Many scholars cannot use。

　Suspicious journals will also be referenced by reliable journals

February 2023，It consists of an anonymous researcher volunteer、The platform "Plording Report" is dedicated to exposing the plunder publishing activities，More than 400 journals owned by Multi -Disciplinary Digital Publishing Agency (MDPI) add a list of plunder journals; March，199 journals owned by cutting -edge media publishing house were also added to the plunder journal list by the "plunder report"。Multi -disciplinary digital publishing institutions and cutting -edge media publishing houses are all headquartered in the Swiss Open Exchange Journal Press，Many publications、Posted a large amount，Almost all journals of the two publishing houses this time have been included in the "blacklist" and caused warm discussions in the academic community。For the "big movement" for "predatory report"，Some scholars are welcome，There are also scholars who have reserved attitudes。

The head of the academic communication research team in Adam Mitz Kivich, Polish, Emanuel Kulczycki, said，Judging from the experience of researching plunder publishing activities in the past ten years，Creating plunder journal list is not helpful to enhance scientific research integrity，The key reason for the suspicious journal of quality is that scientific researchers bear the pressure that needs to publish more and more articles。Kurchitzki said in an interview with this reporter，Plundal Journal is often viewed by low -person.，Scientific researchers are usually recommended to quote articles published bet365 live casino games by plunder journals。included in the web of science、SCOPUS (Scopus) and other large -scale scientific literature abstracts and citations databases are considered reliable，But based on the research of scholars such as Kurchitzki，Articles published on suspicious journals will also be cited in articles published in a reliable journal。

Kurchitzki et al. Research in 2021 in the "Reference Model of the Influence Factor and Suspicious Journal"，Analysis of 3234 "suspicious articles" and 5964 "reliable articles" published in 2012-2019; suspicious articles are from 65 plunder journals in the "Bill List" and Kabel's "Blacklist"，"reliable article" from 2338 journals included in Science Network。Results show，"Suspicious Articles" is referenced by "reliable articles"。The top three of the "suspicious articles" of the cited "suspicious article" are Türkiye、India、Malaysia，The top three of the author of the "suspicious article" are the United States、Türkiye、Malaysia。

Kurchitzki et al. In 2023, is the article "Is the Pluster Journal published an article without value? 》 Use content -based reference analysis method，Let's understand the specific situation of the articles published by the predatory journal.。They inspected 6706 articles included in the core collection of Science Network，These articles are quoted articles published by predatory journals，There are 9995 quotes (quoted in the sentence)。Results show，97.3%reference is neutral，Negative reference only accounts for 0.8%。That is to say，Articles in reliable journals do not hold a clear critical attitude towards the article on suspicious journals。

Kurchitzki and others said，From the above discovery，At least some of the articles published by the plunder journal are considered useful by the academic community，These journals are not worthless。More importantly，One of the common reasons cited "suspicious articles" is，They are the only data source about academic peripheral countries。Analysis of quotation sentences，The country with the highest frequency is India、Malaysia、Iran，Western countries are rarely mentioned，This shows that plunder journals provide a "display" platform for some research topics that are easily ignored by other journals。

　"Plording" tags cover up geopolitics inequality

From the perspective of Kurchitzki et al.，The concise label "plunder journal" cover the profound inequality between the global academic center and academic peripherals。plundering publishing is complex、Multi -dimensional academic communication practice，"Bill List" and other tools help scientific researchers to avoid traps，But it also conveys an excessive simplified signal: Most of the English journals in the academic center country are reliable journals，English journals in academic peripherals and semi -peripheral countries are mostly suspicious journals。

Kurchitzki told reporters，Many scholars from academic (half) peripheral countries publish articles in predatory journals because of，Its national scientific research policy recognizes these journals。For example，In the scientific evaluation of Polish higher education institutions，Some journals under the Disciplinary Digital Publishing Agency are highly recognized。So，For scholars or managers bet365 Play online games of higher education institutions，Publishing articles in predatory journals can bring recognition and rewards，Proficiency in occupational rise。Another "benefit" of plunder journals is that its article processing fee is significantly lower than Elsevier、Journal of internationally renowned publishing houses such as Springer (Springer)，greatly reduced the economic threshold of scholars in non -rich countries。

Therefore，Resessing the language used to describe the predatory journal，Avoid blindly condemning scholars or journal publishers who published articles in these journals "with bad intentions"，It looks extremely important。Kurchitzki and others will concept of the "Academic Communication Center with wrong positioning"，Introduction to plunder publishing、Discussion on geopolitical inequality of open access and knowledge production。If a journal meets the following situation，Can be defined as "Academic Communication Center with wrong positioning": First，Unsistent or considered "improper" in the academic center; second，It seems to be related to the country of the academic center，Therefore, in academic peripheral countries, it is considered "legitimate"。

Kurchitzki said，The concept of the "Academic Communication Center of Error Positioning" is not only applicable to typical plunder journals，It is also suitable for controversial "suspected" plunder journals，For example, a journal owned by a multi -disciplinary digital publishing institution。Many academic (half) peripheral scholars participated in the establishment of the "Academic Communication Center with wrong positioning" or published articles in such journals，This is the unfortunate result of global academic inequality in geopolitical dimensions，It does not necessarily mean that scientific research integrity or low scientific research quality。

In addition to asking questions about the legitimacy of a certain journal peer review，Also responding to the primary value source of a journal in a specific country to ask questions，This is equally important。Common sources of value include specific languages ​​and publishing areas、Impact factor、Citic quotation index database, etc. The key symbols that indicate "international reputation"。If you only value these signs，The scientific research system of academic (half) peripheral countries may waste resources on publishing articles on the "Academic Communication Center where the positioning error is wrong"，Scientific researchers may think that their articles are published in well -known journals，In fact, these journals have been labeled with "plundering" tags by academic centers。

Previous，There are also other scholars discussed the difficulties faced by scholars working outside the academic center of English。For example，Suresh Canagarajah, a professor at the English Department of Bennia State University in Pennsylvania, Criticized the inequality of academic knowledge construction and legitimate inequality in the book "Academic Writing Geopolis"。The center of Argentine economist Raúl Prebisch -peripheral theory、American sociologist Emmanuel Wallerstein's world system theory and other doctrine，Canagarajia distinguishes the "center" and "peripherals" of global knowledge production and academic publishing: bet365 live casino games The former mainly refers，The latter mainly refers to a developing country that has been invaded by European colonists。Kanagaraja said，Western traditional leading academic communication directly leads to the marginalization or misappropriation of the knowledge of developing countries，The current academic publishing practice is one of the reasons for the contribution of scholars in the underdeveloped countries.。

Professor TheResa Lillis of English Language and Application Linguistics of Open University of Britain and Mary Jane Curry, associate professor of the University of Rochester's Veona Education Institute of Robchest, is in harmony with it "Academic Writing in Global Background: Politics and Practice Published in English" mentioned in the book.，Compared to the "local" language and publication，English and "international" publications are subject to the preferential treatment of formal and informal scientific research evaluation systems。English is increasingly dominated in academic writing and publishing，The life and work of scholars who do not use English as the official language，It also highlights political issues related to academic publishing。Lilis and Curry criticized the one -way of knowledge spread: Non -academic center scholars seek to publish articles in the journal of academic centers in English，translated the knowledge of the center into your own local background，and the central national scholars rarely step out of the center。

　Expansion and monopoly in the field of knowledge production and communication

Kurchitzki and others emphasized，If you want to effectively alleviate the risk of plunder publishing，Must consider the defects in the field of academic publishing in a larger background。For example，Some predatory journals are temporarily income from science network、Suggapas and other citations indexing databases may be obtained by obtaining the impact factor of the periodical journal，From this perspective，The recognized international standards make some predatory journals justified at the level of literature。The best solution to solve the problem of plunder publication may be that the pressure of articles published by scientific researchers will be reducing the amount of articles that scientific researchers are increasing，But this is a long -term goal。The measures that can be taken at present are，Establish more reliable index databases for multi -language academic journals that follow basic academic publishing standards，For example, the European Humanities and Social Science Research Index (ERIH Plus)。

Kurchitzki told reporters，Full evaluation link、Edit standards that are lower than conventional levels constitute scientific research quality risks，Many publications that are attributed to predatory journal should work hard to improve in these areas。but but，There are many other factors that threatened the quality of scientific research and scientific research integrity.。For example，Famous academic journals in Western countries also have problems in peer evaluation，This prompted some people to propose to take the review after the release as a supplement or alternative to the traditional peer evaluation。Another example，Commercialization of the academic publishing market、The monopoly of the seller has brought Bet365 app download huge challenges to scientific research integrity，The degree of its negative impact may be even better than plunder publishing。If only scholars of scientific research institutions with strong economic strength have the opportunity to publish articles in reliable journals，It is impossible to build a truly inclusive international academic discourse system。

The relationship between plunder journals and open access is often emphasized，This is mainly related to the conceptual origin of plunder journals: the influence of "Bill list" is very great，And Bill is a firm opponent of open access campaign。But，The key feature of predatory publishing is that the evaluation process is defective，There are many other journals for this kind of problem，Many of them are non -open access journals。Kurchitzki et al. Encourage scholars who are interested in the study of predatory publishing，Critical thinking about this association，The first factor of open deposit and visuality caused by plunder publishing。The strictness of reducing the evaluation process to attract more submission is a bad phenomenon，But the bigger problem is that commercial publishing house squeezes considerable remaining value from free academic labor，But no value return。Many journals，Not only the journal of the review process "walking"，All are using the open access mode and articles to process fees to exploit scientific researchers。

"We believe that the biggest challenge currently facing academic publication is the division of determining good practice and bad practice。"Kurchitzki and others talk about，A common goal of scientific research managers and policy makers is to identify the "gap" of adverse practices to become reality，For example, plunder journal。But，These "gaps" are the result of defective academic publishing practice rather than the root。If you want to prevent and reduce bad practice，Must be changed and expanded the scientific research evaluation method。

From the perspective of Kurchitzki et al.，Geopolital fairness that strengthens academic communication can avoid the new "center of positioning wrong academic communication"，This involves three aspects。First，European and American scientific researchers should take a more acceptable attitude，Academic publications in other parts of the world，Avoid having prejudice or seeing the English language errors that are not serious because of having a prejudice or seeing the open access mode.。2，Scientific research institutions of non -academic centers must find a new way to measure the value of academic journals，instead of simply dependence on the country related to the academic center、Surfaceized "Opinion" indicator，For example, whether the impact factor of the journal has been included in an international citation index database。third，The academic community should recognize，Whether to use English does not determine the quality of scientific research。Multi -language phenomenon in academic communication activities，It is very necessary to fully recognize and reward this valuable practice in scientific research evaluation，and recognize its true value -social influence to realize scientific research。

According to Kurchitzki and others，In addition to opening access，Other bet365 live casino games major changes in the field of global academic publication in recent years, including the number of academic publishers, continue to grow、Diversity enhancement in the publishing area、The oligopoly monopoly of the seller has long -term existence。The academic publishing market is now dominated by a few private companies，Its essence is inequality、Exploitation。Articles published in Europe and North America continue to increase，Create an opportunity for the essence of the academic community。

The academic community needs more public funding、High -quality international academic journals operated by non -private institutions。The most ideal state is to use "diamond open access" (free to authors and readers) or similar mode，Scholars from scientific research institutions that ensure serious insufficient funds also have the opportunity to publish articles。This will provide some scholars with more feasible selection，Especially those scholars groups with high -value research results in journals that have to do low in the article but have irregular evaluation process，It can also provide strong support for the journal hosted or ownership of academic circles for academic circles。Kurchitzki and others look forward to it，"We believe，Efforts to improve the geopolitical fairness of academic communication，It can promote support from public funds、The establishment of a new batch of journals under academic circles "。