Now，Humanity faces climate change、Shortage of resources、Unbalanced development and other challenges，In order to solve related problems，Need to carry out cross-border operations、Cross-field、Interdisciplinary scientific bet365 live casino games cooperation。Therefore，In practice, scholars from various countries are paying more and more attention to transnational and cross-border cooperation，The scale of the scientific bet365 live casino games team is gradually expanding，The trend of scholars publishing joint works is becoming more and more obvious。Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars on the co-authorship of academic works in the field of humanities and social sciences and its development trends。

Increase bet365 live casino games number of co-authored papers bet365 live casino games humanities and social sciences

Mike Thelwall, professor at the University of Sheffield, UK、Nabeil Maflahi, senior lecturer at the University of Wolverhampton (also translated as "University of Wolverhampton")、Tim Engels, Director of bet365 live casino games and Innovation at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, and others investigated the development of co-authorship of academic works in the humanities and social sciences。They found out，The number of co-authored papers in the field of humanities and social sciences shows a stable and general growth trend。

Sewall and Mavrahi studied co-authorship in 27 large fields and 332 small fields in the Scopus database from 1900 to 2020。They found out，Overall view，Whether it is in the field of natural sciences or humanities and social sciences，The scale of academic bet365 live casino games is showing an expanding trend。After World War II，Entering the era of “Big Science”，Between individual scholars、Scientific bet365 live casino games cooperation between academic bet365 live casino games institutions and even between countries is becoming increasingly close，The management structure of scientific bet365 live casino games projects is becoming more and more complex，bet365 live casino games costs gradually increase，The output of results is accelerated，The impact on society is also more significant。Today，With the Internet、Big data、The popularization of cloud computing and other technologies and the development of the transportation industry，The flow of information and people has become more convenient，Opportunities for scholars to carry out online and offline cooperation are also gradually increasing。

Sewall said，Academic cooperation is not only valued at the macro level，And it is in line with the wishes of many scholars on a personal level。Academics have become accustomed to working online，Can be emailed、Video conference、Carry out cooperative bet365 live casino games on online collaboration software。Take advantage of this convenient bet365 live casino games method，They can get more results in less time，Thus gaining greater professional competitive advantage。

In addition，bet365 live casino games shows that，If the academic paper has a large number of authors，tends to attract more media attention，Get more citations，Have higher visibility and influence，And may bring better development opportunities to scholars。bet365 live casino games findings by Tomaso Aste, professor of complexity science at University College London, UK，Collaborate with scholars who are well-known and have high citation rates early in their academic careers，Can give researchers a sustained competitive advantage throughout their academic careers，Because early high-quality co-authorship can give them a higher probability of continuing to cooperate with outstanding scholars，Thus more likely to become a senior outstanding scholar。To this，Serwall told reporters，Their recent bet365 live casino games also shows，For young scholars，Compared with collaborating with scholars who produce more papers，Collaborate and publish co-authors with scholars who can produce high-quality bet365 live casino games results，It is a better learning opportunity。

In short，Across borders、Cross-field、Interdisciplinary scientific bet365 live casino games cooperation continues to develop，Publishing co-authors can bring multiple benefits to scholars and other factors，Co-authorship has gradually become an important trend in the field of humanities and social sciences。

The development of bet365 live casino games varies greatly among disciplines

In Sewall’s view，Although the number of academic co-authors continues to increase，However, the differences between various disciplines in this regard are still large。The co-authorship rate in the humanities and social sciences is lower than that in the natural sciences，This may be because，In the field of natural sciences，Some bet365 live casino games requires the use of large and complex equipment，Many projects in areas such as particle physics and astronomy have large bet365 live casino games teams，So the researchers involved are used to working in large teams and publishing co-authored papers。The same is true in other fields that require a lot of manpower and labor to collect information。For example，bet365 live casino games projects in biology require a combination of many different types of investigations，Or organize a large number of medical experts to collect patient data in different locations。In the field of humanities and social sciences，Academics tend to collaborate in smaller units。For example，Tutors collaborate with students or several scholars with common bet365 live casino games interests。Generally，Initiation of co-authorship in the field of humanities and social sciences may be initiated by the supervisor，It may also be to obtain R&D funds or out of common bet365 live casino games interests, etc.，Rather than driven by the objective conditions of the study。

Researchers from Aarhus University in Denmark collected about 4.5 million peer-reviewed articles published from 1980 to 2013 bet365 live casino games "Web of Science" (hereinafter referred to as "WoS") database，The articles were studied by dividing them into 56 subject categories based on categories in WoS and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)。They found out，During the time period of interest in this study，The proportion of co-authored articles and the number of authors per article bet365 live casino games humanities and social sciences have increased significantly。

Studies conducted by Tim Engels and colleagues also obtained similar results。They studied the bibliographic information of 27,774 journal articles and 4,511 books in the field of humanities and social sciences from 2000 to 2010 in the Belgian national bibliographic database "Flemish Academic Bibliographic Database of Social Sciences and Humanities"，The data information was also compared and verified with the publication status in the WoS database，Relevant information involves history、Law、Literature、Philosophy、Political Science、Psychology、Economics、Sociology and other disciplines。bet365 live casino games results show，During the given period，The proportion of co-authors in the humanities and social sciences has increased significantly，from 44.4% increased to 63.2%。But the situation is different in the fields of humanities and social sciences，28 in the humanities field.9% of the works are co-authors，And there are 80 in social sciences.8% of the works are co-authors。Visible，Compared to the field of humanities，Co-authorship is more common in the social sciences。

bet365 live casino games also shows，There are differences in the co-authorship status of each sub-discipline in the field of humanities and social sciences，Disciplines with a high co-authorship rate in the field of social sciences include psychology (91.5%) etc.，Political science has a low co-authorship rate (53.5%），But political science is the social science discipline with the most significant increase in the number of co-authored papers in a given period。The subject with the highest co-authorship rate in the humanities is linguistics (37.5%），The second is philosophy (35.5%），The lowest is literature (18.5%) and history (20.5%）。At the same time，The fastest growing number of joint works is also in linguistics。In response to this situation，Researchers explain，For the humanities，Carrying out bet365 live casino games activities alone has obvious advantages，Because isolation from others helps scholars maintain in-depth attention and thinking on a certain issue，This may be the reason why the co-authorship rate in the humanities is generally lower than that in the social sciences。

Sewall thinks，Both co-authoring and solo authoring have their own advantages。Co-authoring can provide good experience for scholars，Conducive to improving thinking in communication and collaboration，And multiple people share the work，Can reduce everyone’s burden，Conducive to improving the efficiency of the bet365 live casino games team。For example，For doctoral students who have just started doing bet365 live casino games，Choosing co-authors helps them understand the complex process of turning ideas into effective bet365 live casino games。And independent writing requires scholars to master different types of skills，It can train scholars’ ability to undertake bet365 live casino games projects independently。Also，For the field of humanities and social sciences，It may be more efficient to write alone。

bet365 live casino games brings management and evaluation challenges

Co-authoring also brings corresponding problems，For example, scholars need to coordinate their bet365 live casino games interests、bet365 live casino games goals and work rhythm，And ensure the production of effective results。In the process of cooperation，Even the details，It can also cause trouble if not handled properly，File format、Writing style etc. need to be coordinated。Serwall gives an example，Details such as whether double spacing is required when writing require communication and adjustment。

Sewall told reporters，Collaborating with scholars from different disciplines is a challenge，Because even if we are discussing the same issue，There are also great differences bet365 live casino games concerns of scholars in different disciplines，Sometimes they may even feel that the other person’s perspective makes no sense or is completely wrong。

Another problem with co-authorship is the signature。For example，When there is a problem with the paper，Unable to determine who among the co-authors is responsible。There is also the issue of gift authorship，People who did not contribute to the article but are listed as co-authors，This is usually because including their names makes the paper look more authoritative，Thereby facilitating publication，It may also be to thank those who provide funding for bet365 live casino games work。

In order to regulate the issue of co-authorship signature，The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) proposed four criteria to qualify for authorship，And considers that all persons listed as authors should meet these criteria，Everyone who meets these criteria should be listed as an author。Standards include: first，In bet365 live casino games conception or design，And data acquisition、Making significant contributions in analysis and interpretation；Second，Responsible for drafting the paper，Or strictly review and modify important knowledge content；Third，Final check、Approved version for publication；Fourth，Responsible for all parties involved，Ensure the accuracy and completeness of bet365 live casino games results，Responsible for solving problems when they arise。

Sewall told reporters，The National Information Standards Institute (NISO) has developed a classification standard for contributor roles，Divides the responsibilities of scholars in the bet365 live casino games and paper writing process into 14 categories，Includes overall concept、Data Management、Formal analysis、Get funds、bet365 live casino games、Method Design、Project Management、Resource provided、Software processing、Supervision and guidance、Verification Verification、Visual processing、Writing the first draft、Edit review。Serwall said，An increasing number of journals require authors to provide contribution statements based on these division of labor standards，So that everyone’s responsibilities are clearly reflected。However, submitting an author contribution statement cannot completely solve the problems related to paper evaluation，Because neither the quality of the author’s contribution nor the share of academic influence that should be allocated is clear，There is debate over whether the distribution should be evenly based on the number of authors or whether each author should get the full impact of an article。He said，Judging from past handling situations，Generally calculated according to the latter，But this is just a simplistic method used under forced circumstances。Whatever，Co-authorship is increasing in the humanities and social sciences，At least judging from the average number of authors of a paper, it has become a trend。So，Researchers need to be prepared，Coping with related challenges。