bet365 best casino games_a constructive discourse

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Constructive logic of risk communication of emergencies

April 23, 2020 03:28 Source: "China Social Sciences" April 23, 2020 Total 1913 Author: Zhao Zhun

　　Today's society，Facing public emergencies，Public communication subjects represented by Volkswagen Media realize risk communication with the public through discourse construction。Public emergencies，refers to sudden occurred，Cause or may cause serious social harm，Natural disasters that need to be taken to respond to emergency response measures、accident disaster、Public health incidents and social security incidents。Dialogue is the foundation of the presentation of social activities。The 1970s，French philosopher Michel Foucault transfers the direction of "discourse" to sociology.。Dialogue analysis scholar Norman Fairclough (Norman Fairclough) believes，discourse not only reflects and describes social entity and social relationship，and construct a social entity and social relationship。As a limited、Context of interpretability，The framework is a cognitive structure that people use to understand and explain social life。In view of the huge social construction role of social governance discourse system，Actively build a risk governance discourse system that is consistent with the spirit of the times，For better development of social governance、Improve the risk prevention and resolution ability of the ideological field、The pattern of shaping social governance is important。

　　"Skin" of society:Public opinion features of public emergencies

　　German sociologist Noelle-Neumann believes，"Public opinion is the skin of society"。As a public opinion，Public opinion is based on public interest，Pointing with public affairs，Is a concentrated reflection of social psychology。The theory of risk communication believes，Public emergencies urgent and uncertain coexistence，complexity and variant interweaving，Can quickly become the focus of public opinion in a short time。Specifically，Public emergencies have the following public opinion features。

　　The first is to pay attention to the linkage of "emotional identity" and "circle communication"。The rapid development of Internet technology profoundly changes the media pattern and public opinion ecology。As the transmitting scholar Manuel Castells said，The rise of online society leads to human society、Economy、Politics、Structural transformation and reconstruction at the cultural level。Facing emergencies，Complicated opinions、Perspective through social media in interpersonal communication、"Circle" information interaction of group communication and organizational communication in the interaction of rapid hot spots，Based on the "Social identity model", "group consciousness" or "group perception" on individual behavior, it will have a driving effect。Have a common interest、Hobbies、Targets and expected network Aboriginal people under the drive of emotional identity use online media to form a "virtual community"，In the "echo room" effect of social media and the "filtering bubble" effect, the group polarization and "Opinion Cocoon Room" bet365 live casino games quickly increased personal will into group will and even social will，To strive for its own interests to expand the scale and influence of its voice。What needs attention is，The facts of the emergencies "shell" can be replaced at any time in group disputes in different circles，But the medical and health of the public interest of the public、Education employment、Income allocation、Life security and other opinions "core" has always maintained stability and as a spiral of public discussion on the hot spot of public opinion，Typical fermentation for forming atypical events in the social transformation period。

　　Second, the "viral communication" of the rumor form a negative public opinion field。According to the psychological noise model，Risk events may bring a strong psychological impact to the individual，so that the individual forms a psychological noise background，This is the psychological cause of the audience trusting rumors。Facing emergencies，Psychological noise causes the individual to choose from information selection and information cognition，Therefore, there are different information of information with different properties。Looking at public emergencies at home and abroad in recent years，The rumors are characterized by uncertainty and unrelated pseudo -pseudo -pseudo -generated by lack of factors，With the help of the expression of "graphic and text"、The discourse theory of "conspiracy theory" and metaphorical color infiltration into various online communities，"Viral Communication" with views。such as 2011，Nuclear leaks caused by bet365 best casino games earthquakes in Japan caused "edible salt pollution" and "edible salt interruption" rumors，Caused domestic salt panic snap -up; 2019，African swine fever epidemic caused "breaking pork supply" and "sick and dead pigs into the market" rumors，Then cause citizens to panic，Harmly stable in the domestic meat market。Relying on the technical empowerment of modern communication technology，The speed and breadth of the rumor presents geometric diffusion trends，The severe destructiveness produced is not the same as the same day。This kind of destructive information and the one -sided and radical point of view、Opinions，It is easy to cause public anxiety panic、Avastic disgust、Pessimistic Angry and other serious bad emotional reactions，Form a negative public opinion field，Solving the influence of mainstream public opinion，It brings difficulty for the establishment of Internet governance and the establishment of benign consensus on society。

　　Consensus "field":Create a constructive discourse framework

　　Facing public emergencies，Implementing the media、Public、The government’s benign interaction urgently requires constructive discourse。For public emergencies，By useful、Development words present framework，There will be attitude、Constructive position passed to the public，Guide social mentality in the social narrative of "positive energy"。Study by Entman (Entman)，There are four main types of discourse frameworks: definition problems、Cause and effect interpretation、Moral evaluation、Processing Suggestions。Looking at it specifically，Bet365 app download In the practice of news production，The development concept of positive psychology can be used，Use the "Constructive" news report path to release news information，Constructive discourse framework for building a public dialogue。

　　It one，The discourse framework of "problem solving" is provided to the public with measures to guide the public。Based on the framework of traditional news report，Add the element of "What now"，Pay attention to the future development trend on the basis of the current incident，Seek consensus and solution，Avoid the existing conflicts in public events and is further amplified。At the same time，In discourse rhetoric，should be integrated into positive emotions as much as possible、Positive emotion、Collective interests and harmonious relationships，Not only must we consider the conflict and negative effects caused by public emergencies，Also consider institutional progress、Mental growth、Nakanti development and other long -term development。As German sociologist Simmel said，Trust is the most important comprehensive force in society。Facing emergencies，The definition of risks for the media、Explanation and explanation method，To some extent, it has shaped the society's cognition of risk culture。In terms of discourse content，It should be avoided as much as possible in the expression of news and discourse、Self -conflict and plainly instead of public opinion disorders，The possibility of cutting out the false information in the source of the letter，So as a whole、Macro and micro、Structure and Action、Bet365 lotto review In facts and value，Carrying public spirit and public interests，Effective balance of personal value consensus and social value consensus。

　　Its two，Scientific setting agenda，Seek attribute convergence in the interaction of the topic。Set theory according to the topic，Volkswagen Communication Media can set the agenda for the public through information selection，Then affect public opinion。Looking at it specifically，The topic itself is just some topics，There must be attributes above it。The "uncertainty" characteristics of public emergencies，Makes risks at any time at any time，Therefore, the differences at the attribute level should be avoided leading to the division of the issue consensus。Looking at it specifically，You can set up "topic cluster"，On the basis of a macro issue，The "umbrella" issues that are combined with staged and persistent "umbrella" topic information for various small issues that are concerned about the people。other，You can also use the "dialogue" issue，Create negotiation communication field。Considering the differentiation differentiation of propagation，Pay attention to the combination of issues "positive settings" and "reverse settings"。For emergencies，Through the complex and diverse issues on social media，topics that have universal value and extensive impact on them，Set up interactive issues，Treatment of constructive discussion，Through the public、Authoritative experts and scholars、The benign interaction of the institutional department，Establish a constructive "decoding" information platform for the public，Reduce bet365 Play online games information redundancy，The consensus of risk decision -making consensus that ultimately meets the interests of most people。

　　(Author Unit: School of Journalism, Renmin University of China)

Editor in charge: Changchang